m 


Standard.  Classical  *W orks. 


Latin  Text-Books. 


Arnold’s  First  and  Second  Latin  Eook  and  Prac- 
tical Grammar.*  Revised  and  Corrected.  By  J.  A.  Spencer,  D.D. 
12mo.  359  pages. 


Arnold’s  First  ILatin  ISooit;*  remodelled  and  rewritten, 
and  adapted  to  the  Ollendorff  Method  of  Instruction.  By  Albert 
Harkness,  A.M.  12mo.  302  pages. 


introduction  to  Latin  Prose 

T\  Tk 


No, 


7o 


Department  of 

- '/  7-ms.? 

LIBRARY  of 

Illinois  Industrial  University 

CHAMPAIGN,  ILLINOIS 

^;B00h  316  from  the  Library  Eoon.^ 


D.,  of  Brown  University.  (Recently  puDiisneu.; 
pages. 

This  work  is  designed  as  a sequel  to  the  author’s  edition  of 
“ Arnold's  First  Latin  Book.”  It  comprises  a complete  analytical  syn- 
tax, exhibiting  the  essential  structure  of  the  Latin  language,  from  its 
simplest  to  its  most  expanded  and  elaborate  form. 


Beza’s  Latin  Version  of  tike  New  Testament#  12mo. 
291  pages. 

Caesar’s  Commentaries  on  tlie  Gallic  War#  With 

English  Notes,  Critical  and  Explanatory;  a Lexicon,  Geographical 
and  Historical  Indexes,  and  a Map  of  Gaul.  By  J.  A.  Spencer, 
D.D.  12mo.  408  pages, 

Cicero’s  Select  Orations.  With  Notes  for  the  use  of  Schools 
and  Colleges.  By  E.  A.  Johnson,  Professor  of  Latin  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  New  York.  12mo.  459  pages. 


i • 


Return  this  book  on  or  before  the 
Latest  Date  stamped  below. 


University  of  Illinois  Library 


C fn 

« tb 


9 


t Q t"  j 
> 0 £ 


i'ibZ 


L161  — 1141 


, / \ C'\_  ^ / (/  / L ’ -(/ 

A 

LATIN  READER, 


V^f/^L^Li 


INTENDED  AS  A 

COMPANION 

TO  THE 


AUTHOR’S  LATIN  GRAMMAR. 

WITH 

REFERENCES,  SUGGESTIONS,  NOTES  AND  YOCABULAET. 


BY 

ALBERT  HARKNESS, 

PROFESSOR  IN  BROWN  UNIVERSITY. 

AUTHOR  OF 

“A  LATIN  GRAMMAR,' ” UA  FIRST  LATIN  BOOK,”  UA  SECOND  LATIN  BOOK,”  “A  FIRST 
GREEK  BOOK,”  ETC. 

u I '•  . :S  i 


NEW  YORK: 

D.  APPLETON  & COMPANY. 

443  & 445  BROADWAY. 

1867. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1865,  by 
ALBERT  HAEKNESS, 

In  the  Clerk’s  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  Rhode  Island. 


"PREFACE. 


The  Latin  Reader  now  offered  to  the  public  is  intended  as 
a companion  to  the  author’s  Latin  Grammar.  It  comprises 
Reading  Lessons,  Suggestions  to  the  Learner,  Notes,  and  a 
Vocabulary* 

Tbe  Reading  Lessons  are  abundantly  supplied  with  refer- 
ences to  the  Grammar,  and  are  arranged  in  two  parts. 

Part  First  presents  a progressive  series  of  exercises  illus- 
trative of  grammatical  forms,  inflections,  and  rules.  These 
exercises  are  intended  to  accompany  the  learner  from  the  very 
outset  in  his  progress  through  the  Grammar,  and  thus  to  fur- 
nish him  the  constant  luxury  of  using  the  knowledge  which  he 
is  acquiring.  They  have  been  carefully  selected  from  classical 
authors. 

Part  Second  illustrates  connected  discourse,  and  comprises 
Fables,  Anecdotes,  and  History.  The  Anecdotes  have  been 
selected  from  various  classical  sources ; the  other  portions  have 
been  derived  chiefly  from  the  Lateinisches  Elementarbuch  of 
Professors  Jacobs  and  Doring,  though,  in  the  Grecian  History, 
Arnold’s  Historiae  Antiquae  Epitome,  founded  upon  the  work 
of  Jacob  and  Doring,  has  furnished  a few  extracts.  The  His- 
torical selections  were,  with  a few  exceptions,  derived  originally 
from  the  Latin  historians  Eutropius,  Justin,  and  Cornelius 
Nepos. 


Iv 


PREFACE. 


The  Suggestions  to  the  Learner  are  intended  to  direct  the 
unskilful  efforts  of  the  beginner,  and  thus  to  enable  him  to  do 
for  himself  much  which  would  otherwise  require  the  aid  of  his 
teacher,  and  to  do  easily  and  pleasantly  much  which  would 
otherwise  be  difficult  and  repulsive.  They  aim  to  point  out  to 
him  the  process  by  which  he  may  most  readily  and  surely  reach 
the  meaning  and  the  structure  of  a Latin  sentence,  and  then  to 
teach  him  to  embody  that  meaning  in  clear  idiomatic  English. 
Experience  has  abundantly  shown  the  need  of  some  such  direc- 
tions. The  beginner’s  first  efforts  to  solve  the  problem  pre- 
sented by  a Latin  sentence  are  too  often  little  better  than  a 
series  of  unsuccessful  conjectures,  while  his  first  translations 
are  purely  mechanical  renderings,  with  little  regard  either  to 
the  thought  of  his  author  or  to  the  proprieties  of  his  mother 
tongue. 

The  Notes  aim  to  furnish  such  collateral  information  as  will 
enable  the  learner  to  appreciate  the  subject  matter  of  his  read- 
ing lessons,  and  such  special  aid  as  will  enable  him  to  surmount 
real  and  untried  difficulties.  Grammatical  references  can  be 
employed  only  to  solve  grammatical  difficulties ; and,  though 
for  this  purpose  they  are  absolutely  invaluable,  it  is  yet  a mis- 
take to  suppose  that  they  can  ever  supply  the  place  of  com- 
mentary. 

In  the  Vocabulary,  the  aim  has  been  to  give  to  each  word 
the  particular  meanings  which  occur  in  the  reading  lessons, 
without  omitting,  however,  its  essential  and  leading  signifi- 
cation. 

At  the  solicitation  of  many  eminent  classical  Professors  and 
Teachers,  the  author  has  it  in  contemplation  to  publish  an  In- 
troduction to  Latin  Composition,  consisting  of  two  parts,  the 
first  intended  for  the  beginner,  and  the  second  for  the  more 
advanced  student.  Accordingly,  the  present  work  has  been 


PREFACE. 


V 


made  simply  a Reader,  and  all  Exercises  in  writing  Latin  have 
been  reserved  for  a future  volume. 

With  this  statement  of  the  design  and  plan  of  the  work,  the 
author  commits  it  to  classical  instructors,  in  the  hope  that,  in 
their  hands,  it  may  render  some  useful  service  in  the  important 
work  of  classical  instruction. 


Providence,  Aug . 21^,  1885. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


A 


https://archive.org/details/latinreaderinten00hark_0 


CONTENTS 


PART  FIRST. 

GRAMMATICAL  EXERCISES. 

PAGE 

Nouns 1 

Adjectives 3 

Pronouns 4 

Verbs 5 

Syntax  of  Nouns 9 

Agreement  of  Nouns 9 

Nominative 10 

Vocative 10 

Accusative 10 

Dative 13 

Genitive 16 

Ablative 19 

Syntax  of  Adjectives 26 

Syntax  of  Pronouns 26 

Syntax  of  V erbs 28 

Agreement 28 

Indicative 28 

Subjunctive 29 

Imperative 35 

Infinitive 35 

Gerunds  and  Gerundives 37 

Supines 39 

Participles 39 

Syntax  of  Particles 40 


Vlll 


CONTENTS, 


PART  SECOND. 

LATIN  SELECTIONS. 

PAGE 

Fables 41 

Anecdotes 45 

Roman  History 52 

Period  I.  Italian  and  Roman  kings 52 

II.  Roman  Struggles  and  Conquests 58 

III.  Roman  Triumphs 65 

IY.  Civil  Dissensions 72 

Grecian  History 80 

Period  I.  Grecian  Triumphs 80 

II.  Civil  Wars-  in  Greece 84 

III.  Graeco-Macedonian  Empire 89 

Suggestions  to  the  Learner 99 

Notes 109 

Latin-English  Vocabulary 139 


LIB] 


'T 


EXPLANATION  OF  REFERENCES  AND  ABBREVIATIONS. 


The  reference  numerals  in  the  Latin  text,  and  in  the  Suggestions, 
refer  to  the  author’s  Latin  Grammar. 

In  the  Notes  and  Vocabulary,  the  Arabic  numerals  refer,  when 
enclosed  in  parentheses,  to  articles  in  this  work ; and,  when  not 
thus  enclosed,  to  articles  in  the  Grammar. 

Roman  numerals  refer  to  the  Suggestions. 

The  following  abbreviations  occur : 


adj 

lit 

adv 

m 

comp. . . 

n 

conj 

part 

defect. . . 

pass 

dep 

plur.  or  pi . . 

. .plural. 

f 

prep 

impers . . 

pron 

indec  . . . 

subs 

interj . . . 
irreg. . . . 

superl 

GRAMMATICAL  EXERCISES. 


NOUNS. 

Definition,  Gender,  etc. — 31-35 ; 37-41. 

First  Declension. — 42. 

Note. — Before  reading  the  Latin  Exercises,  the  pupil  is  expected,  in 
every  instance,  to  learn  carefully  those  portions  of  the  Grammar  which  are 
embraced  in  the  large  type  of  the  sections  designated. 

1.  1.  Ala,  ala,  alae,* 1  alam,  alarum,  alis,  alas.  2. 
Victoria,  victoria,  victoriae,  victoriam,  victoriarum,  vic- 
toriis,  victorias.  3.  Causae,  fortunae,  portae.  4.  Causa, 
fortuna,  porta.  5.  Causam,  fortunam,  portam.  6.  Cau- 
sarum,  fortunarum,  portarum.  7.  Causis,  fortunis,  portis. 
8.  Causas,  fortunas,  portas. 

Second  Declension. — 45. 

Rule  II.— Appositives. — 363  ; 352,  2. 

2.  1.  Dominus,  domini,  domino,  dormnum,  domme, 
dominorum,  dominis.  2.  Gener,  generi,  genero,  gene- 
rum,  generorum,  generis,  generos.  3.  Servi,  anni. 
4.  Pueri,  soceri.  5.  Agri,  magistri.  6.  Templi,  belli. 
7.  Servi-s,  annis.  8.  Puero,  socero.  9.  Agrorum,  ma- 
gistrorum.  10.  Templa,  bella. 

1 When  the  same  Latin  form  may  be  found  in  two  or  more  cases,  the 
pupil  is  expected  to  give  the  meaning  for  each  case. 

1 


LATIN  READER. 


11.  Lucus,  stella.  12.  Luci,  stellae.  13.  Lucum, 
stel]am.  14.  Luco,  stella.  15.  Lucorum,  stellar um. 
16.  Lucis,  stellis.  17.  Lucos,  Stellas. 

18.  Dionysius  tyrannus.1  19.  Dionysio  tyranno. 
20.  Dionysium  tyrannum.  21.  Tullia  reglna.  22. 
Tulliae  reginae.  23.  Tulliam  reginam.  24.  Puer 
Ascanius. 

Third  Declension. — Class  I. — 48-50. 

Rule  XVI. — Genitive . — 395. 

3.  1.  Xubis,  nubium.  2.  Avi,  avibus.  3.  ITrbem, 
urbes.  4.  Regis,  militis.  5.  Regi,  militi.  6.  Rege, 
milite.  7.  Reges,  milites.  8.  Regum,  militum.  9. 
Regibus,  militibus. 

10.  Yirtus  regis.2  11.  Yirtutes  regum.2  12.  Yin- 
clex  libertatis.  13.  Yindices  libertatis.  14.  Custodibus 
urbis.  15.  Lux  solis.  16.  Luce  solis. 

17.  Romuli  mors.  18.  Romulimorte.  19.  Yictoria 
regis.  20.  Yictoriae  regis.  21.  Ala  avis.  22.  Alae 
avis.  23.  Alae  avium.  24.  Regis  filia.  25.  Tullia, 
regis  filia. 

Third  Declension. — Class  II. — 51. 

Rule  XXXII. — Cases  with  Prepositions . — 432-435. 

4.  1.  Soli,  sole,  solibus.  2.  Leonis,  leones,  leonum. 
3.  Carmini,  carminibus.  4.  Consulis,  passeris.  5.  Com 
sulum,  passerum.  6.  Consulibus,  passeribus.  7.  Leoni, 
virgini.  8.  Leones,  virgmes.  9.  Patrem,  pastorem. 
10.  Patres,  pastures.  11.  Opus,  corpus.  12.  Opere, 
corpore.  13.  Operum,  corporum. 

14.  Cicero  consul.1  15.  Ciceronis  consulis.  16.  Cb 
ceronem  consiilem.  17.  Nepos  consulis.2  18.  Nepotes 


See  Grammar,  368. 


2 895. 


ADJECTIVES. 


3 


consulis.  19.  Xepotes  consilium.  20.  Pater  judicis. 
21.  Patres  judicum.  22.  Patribus  judicum. 

23.  Post  Romuli  mortem.1  24.  Apud  Herodotum, 
patrem  historiae.  25.  Ad  virtutem.  26.  Ante  lucem. 
27.  Contra  naturam.  28.  Sermo  de  amicitia.2  29.  Pro 
patria.  30.  Sine  labore.  31.  In  amnem.3  32.  In  bello.3 

Fourth  Declension. — 116. 

5.  1.  Fructus,  cornus.  2.  Fructibus,  comibus.  3. 
Cantum,  currum.  4.  In  currum.  5.  In  curru.  6.  So- 
lis ortus.  7.  Ab  ortu  ad  occasum.  8.  Ante  solis 
occasum. 

Fifth  Declension. — 119. 

6.  1.  Acies,  aciem,  aciei.  2.  Diei,  faciei.  3.  Rei, 
spei.  4.  Diem,  faciem.  5.  Rem,  spem.  6.  Die,  facie. 

7.  Re,  spe. 

8.  In  aciem.  9.  In  acie.  10.  Facies  urbis.  11. 
Spes  fortunae.  12.  Contra  spem.  13.  Sine  spe. 


ADJECTIVES. 

First  and  Second  Declensions. — 148. 

Rule  XXXIII. — Agreement  of  Adjectives . — 438. 

7.  1.  Servus  bonus.  2.  Servi  boni.  3.  Servo  bono. 
4.  Servum  bonum.  5.  Serve  bone.  6.  Servorum  bono- 
rum.  7.  Servis  bonis.  8.  Servos  bonos.  9.  Regina 
bona.  10.  Reglnae  bonae.  11.  Reglnam  bonam.  12. 
Regina  bona.  13.  Reginarum  bonarum.  14.  Reglnis 
bonis.  15.  Reginas  bonas.  16.  Exemplum  bonum. 
17.  Exempli  boni.  18.  Exempla  bona. 


*435,  l. 


1 432,  433. 


2 432,  434. 


4 


LATEST  READER, 


19.  Puerpulcher.  20.  Puella  pulehra.  21.  Tectum 
pulchrum.  22.  Pueri  pulchri.  23.  Puellae  pulchrae. 
24.  Tecta  pulehra. 

25.  Yera  amicitia.  26.  Gladius  longus.  27.  Magna 
gloria.  28.  Spes  falsa.  29.  Sine  magno  labore.  30. 
Modius  aureorum  annulorum. 

Third  Declension. — 150-153. 

8.  1.  Dolor  acer.  2.  Sine  dolore  acri.  3.  Dolores 
acres.  4.  Hostis  crudelis.  5.  Hostem  crudelem.  6. 
Hostium  crudelium.  7.  Hiems  glacialis.  8.  Hiemem 
glacialem.  9.  Carmen  dulce.  10.  Carnrina  dulcia. 
11.  Innumerabiles  tabulae. 

Comparison  of  Adjectives. — 160-162. 

9.  1.  Triumphiis  clarus.  2.  Triumplius  clarior. 
3.  Triumplius  clarissimus.  4.  Triumplii  elari.  5.  Tri- 
umplii  clariores.  6.  Triumplii  clarissimi.  7.  Yir  fortis. 
8.  Yir  fortior.  9.  Yir  fortissimus.  10.  Sapiens  vir. 
11.  Sapientior  vir.  12.  Sapientissimus  vir. 

13.  Fortissimi  viri.  14.  Fortissimorum  virorum 
multitude.  15.  Peritus  dux.  16.  Peritissimi  duces. 
17.  Bella  funestissima. 


PRONOUNS. 

Classification  and  Declension  of  Pronouns. — 182-191. 
Rule  XXXIV. — Agreement  of  Pronouns, — 445;  445,1. 

10,  1.  Mei.  2.  Tibi.  3.  Inter  se.1  4.  Ad  te. 
5.  Pro  nobis.  6.  Post  me.  7.  Ante  nos.  8.  Patria 
mea.2  9.  Nostra  patria.  10.  Magister  tuus.  11.  Tua 
mens.  12.  Nostri  milites.  13.  Nostrae  amicitiae. 


1 432. 


438,  1. 


VERBS. 


5 


14.  Ad  salutem  vestram.  15.  Ad  vitam  suam.  16.  Hie ' 
vir.  17.  Haec  urbs.  18.  Jloc.regnum.  19.  Hujus 
viri.  20.  In  hac  urbe.  21.  Haec  regna.  22.  Illi  viri. 
23.  Pro  illis  viris.  24.  Ante  hunc  diem.  25.  Sub  hoc 
rege.  26.  Pastor  illlus  regionis.  27.  Idem  locus.  28. 
In  eundem  locum.  29.  Circa  eandem  horam.  30.  Id 
tempus.  31.  Ab  ipsa  natura.  32.  Ii  ad  quos.3  33.  Quae 
ci vitas?  34.  Ab  aliquo.  35.  Faustulus  quidam. 

YEEBS. 

Introduction. — 192-197 ; 199-^0l *3]r 
Verb  Sum. — 204 
Rule  III. — Subject  Nominative 
Rule  XXX Y. — Agreement  of  Verb  with  Subject.— 160. 


Rule  I. — Predicate  Nouns. — 362. 

11.  1.  Aristides3  justus4  fuit.5  2.  Justus  * est.6  3. 
Justus  erat.  4.  Justi  sumus.6  5.  Justi  fueramus.  6. 
Justi  erimus.  7.  Justi  simus.  8.  Justi  fuissemus. 
9.  Cato  sapiens  erat.  10.  Sapiens  fuerat.  11.  Sapien- 
tes  eritis.  12.  Sapientes  fuistis.  13.  Sapiens  es.  14. 
Sapientes  este.  15.  Lex  brevis  est.  16.  Lex  brevis 
esto.  17.  Leges  breves  sunt.  18.  Leges  breves  sunto. 
19.  Ego  consul7  fui.  20.  Cicero  consul  fuit.  21.  Cicero 
consul  fuerat. 


First  Conjugation. — 205,  206. 

Rule  V. — Direct  Object. — 371. 

12.  1.  Amat,  amant.  2.  Amabat,  amfibant.  3. 


* Justus  agrees  with  the  pronoun  is,  he,  the  omitted  subject  of  est. 

1 438,  1.  ' 438.  "460;  460,2. 

5 445.  6 460.  ’ 362. 

4 367. 


6 


LATIN  READER. 


Amaverat,  amaverant.  4.  Amaverit,  amaverint.  5. 
Amet,  ament. 

6.  Laudat,  laudatur.  7.  Laudant,  laudantur.  8.  Lau- 
dabat,  laudabatur.  9.  Laudabant,  laudabantur.  10. 
Laudet,  laudetur.  11.  Laudent,  laudentur. 

12.  Orationem1  laudo.  13.  Orationem  laudamus. 
14.  Orationes  laudabimus.  15.  Oratio  laudatur.  16. 
Orationes  laudantur.  17.  Yirtutem  amatis.  18.  Yir- 
tutem amabitis.  a 19.  Yirtus  amatur.  20.  Yirtus 
amata2  est.  21.  Ego  patriam  liberavi.  22.  Fatriam 
liberaverunt.  23.  Patria  liberata  est.  24.  Ancus  ur- 
bein  ampliavit.  25.  Marius  fugatus2  est.  26.  Fugati 
erant.  27.  Socrates  aceusatus  est. 

Second  Conjugation. — 207,  208. 

13.  1.  Moneo,  moneor.  2.  Monebam,  monebar. 
3.  Monebo,  monebor.  4.  Moneam,  monear.  5.  Mone- 
rem,  monerer.  6.  Monui,  monuimus.  7.  Monuerat, 
monuerant.  8.  Monueris,  monuentis.  9.  Monuerim, 
monitus  sim.  10.  Monuissemus,  moniti  essemus. 
11.  Monete,  monentor. 

12.  Terrebat,  terrebatur.  13.  Terrebant,  terreban- 
tur.  14.  Terreret,  terreretur.  15.  Terrerent,  terreren- 
tur.  16.  Territus  sum,  territi  sumus.  17.  Territus  es, 
territi  estis.  18.  Territus  est,  territi  sunt. 

19.  Gloriam1  veram3  babes.  20.  Gloriam  babebis. 
21.  Equites  gladios  habebant.  22.  Gladios  habuerunt. 
23.  Gladium  babuisti.  24.  Homo  liabet  memoriam. 
25.  Cum  Romanis4  pacem  babuimus.  26.  Pacem  haboe- 
ramus.  27.  Pacem  babebimus.  28.  Cyrus  omnium  in 
exercitu6  suo  militum  nomina  tenebat. 


1 871. 

3 460,  i. 


3 438. 

4 432,  434. 


435,  1. 


VERBS. 


7 


1 5 \ f L*  i V 1 

■ !.  1 il)  i\Xll 

Third  Conjugation. — 209,  210. 

Rule  LI. — - Use  of  Adverbs . — 582. 

14.  1.  Rego,  regor.  2.  Regimus,  regimur.  3.  Re- 
git,  regitur.  4.  Regunt,  reguntur.  5.  Rege,  regite- 

6.  Regendi,  regendo.  7.  Rectus  eram,  recti  eramus. 

8.  Spero,  pareo,  duco.  9.  Speras,  pares,  ducis.  10. 
Speramus,  paremus,  ducimus.  11.  Sperabam,  parebam, 
ducebam.  12.  Sperabant,  parebant,  ducebant.  13.  Spe- 
ravi,  parui,  duxi.  14.  Speravimus,  paruimus,  duximus. 

15.  Speraverunt,  paruerunt,  duxerunt. 

16.  Deus  omnem  huuc  mundum  regit.  17.  Deus 
mundum  semper1  rexit.  18.  Deus  mundum  regebat. 
19.  Deus  mundum  reget.  20.  Cicero  ad  Atticum2  scri- 
bit.  21.  Ad  te  saepe  scribam.  22.  Cicero  rnultos 
libros  scripsit.  23.  Ad  amlcum  de  amicitia3  scripsi. 
24.  Librum  de  senectute  scripserat.  25.  Quid  dixisti  ? 
26.  Nihil  dixi.  27.  Quid  dixistis  ? 28.  Multa  de  ami- 

citia diximus.  29.  Haec  recte  dixistis.  30.  Hie  liber 
ad  te  scriptus  est. 

Fourth  Conjugation. — 211,  212. 

15.  1.  Audiebat,  audiebant.  2.  Audiebatur,  audie- 
bantur.  3.  Audiam,  audiemus.  4.  Audiar,  audiemur. 
5.  Audlvit,  audiverunt.  6.  AudTtus  est,  audlti  sunt. 

7.  Audiveram,  audiveramus.  8.  Auditus  eram,  audlti 
eramus. 

9.  Sperat,  paret,  ducit,  scit.  10.  Sperant,  parent, 
dueunt,  sciunt.  11.  Sperabat,  parebat,  ducebat,  sciebat. 
14.  Sperabamus,  parebamus,  ducebamus,  sciebamus. 
13.  Sperabo,  parebo,  ducet,  sciet. 

14.  Tullus  bellum  finlvit.  15.  Bellum  finiverat.  16. 


582, 


8 433. 


3 434. 


8 


LATIN  READER. 


Bellnm  finitum  est.  17.  Hie  dies  Graeciae  libertatem 
hniet.  18.  Cives  templum  custodiunt.  19.  Templa  cus- 
todiemus.  20.  Templum  custodite.  21.  Brutus  Mace- 
donian! custodiebat.  22.  Hanc  provinciam  custodlmus. 
23.  Hoc  audivimus.  24.  A vobis  audimur. 

Verbs  in  10,  Third  Conjugation. — 213-215. 

16.  1.  Romani  urbem  capiunt.  2.  Urbes  capiebant. 
3.  Urbem  capiemus.  4.  Haec  urbs  capietur.  5.  Urbes 
capientur.  6.  Regulus  captus  est.  1.  Milites  arma  ca- 
piunt. 8.  Scipio  Carthaginem  cepit.  n 9.  Praefecti  regii 
Eretriam  ceperunt.  10.  Regis  pater  fugit.  11.  Fugie- 
bat.  12.  Laeedaemonii  fugiunt.  13.  Fugerunt.  14. 
Xerxes  in  Asiam  fugerat. 

Deponent  Verbs. — 221-226. 

17.  1.  Coriolanus  populatur  agrum 1 Romanum.  2. 
Pyrrhus  Campaniam  depopulatus  est.  3.  Milites  agros 
depopulabantur.  4.  Hoc  facinus  rex  miratur.  5.  Hoc 
miramur.  6.  Puer  laudem  meretur.  1.  Laudern  mere- 
ris.  8.  Laudem  merentur.  9.  Gloria  virtutem  sequitur. 
10.  Ascanium  secutus  est  Silvius.  11.  Justitiam  sequi- 
mur.  12.  Justitiam  sequemur.  13.  Cum  Scipione  lio- 
norem  partimur.  14.  Id  opus  inter  se  partiuntur. 

Periphrastic  Conjugation. — 2 2 7-23 1 . 

13.  1.  Virtutem  laudaturi  sumus.  2.  Virtus  lau- 
danda  est.  3.  Quid  laudaturus  es  ? 4.  Bonitatem  lau- 

daturus  sum.  5.  Omnia2  sunt  laudanda,  quae3  con- 
juncta  cum  virtute  sunt.  6.  Quid  vituperandum  est  ? 
1.  Omnia  sunt  vituperanda,  qnae  cum  vitiis*  conjuncta 


j3n. 


3 441. 


3 445. 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 


9 


sunt.  8.  Gloriam  veram  habiturus  es.  9.  Gloriam 
veram  liabituri  sunms.  10.  Cicero  ad  Atticum  script  ii- 
rus  erat.  11.  Epistola  scribenda  est.  12.  Orator  aucli- 
endus  est.  13.  Senatores  Ciceronem  audituii  erant. 

OC 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 
Agreement  of  Nouns. 
Rule  I. — Predicate  Nouns . — 362. 


19.  1.  Mercurius  nuntius  erat.  2.  Furius  consul 
erat.  3.  Homo  sum.1  4.  Bacchus  erat  vini 2 deus.2  5. 
Sornnus  est  imago  mortis.  6.  Historia  testis  temporum 
habetur.  7.  Historia  magistral  vitae  habetur.  8.  So- 
crates parens  pliilosopliiae  dicitur.  9.  Brutus  homo  mag- 
nus  evaserat.  10.  Nos  causa 6 belli  sumus.  11.  Nautius 
et  Furius  consulesb  erant.6 


Rule  II. — Appositives. — 363. 

20.  1.  Dionysius  tyrannus  expulsus  est.  2.  Dema- 
ratus,  regis  ppater , fugit.  3.  Apud  Ilerodotum,  patrem 
historiae,  sunt  innumerabiles  fabulae.  4.  Hannibal  Sa- 
guntum,  foederatam  urbem , expugnavit.  5.  Themisto- 
cles1  veni  ad  te.  6.  Cato  litteras  Graecas  senex 8 didicit. 
7.  Junius  aedem  Salutis,  quam  consul  voverat,  dictator 
dedicavit.  8.  Socratem,  sapientissimum9  virum , Athe- 
nienses  interfecerunt. 


362,  1,  1). 
362,  1,  2). 
463,  II, 


7 363,  2. 

8 363,  3. 

9 162. 


10 


LATIN  READER. 


Nominative. 

Rule  III. — Subject  Nominative. — 367. 


21.  1.  Cuncta  Graecia  liberata  est.  2.  P atria  inea 
est  mundus.  3.  Paulus  consul 1 regem  ad  Pydnam  su- 
peravit.  4.  Philosophia  inventrix  legum  fuit.  5.  Om- 
nium malorum  stultitia  est  mater.  6.  Non2  ornnis  error 
stultitia  est.  7.  Quot  homines ,3  tot  sententiae. 


Vocative. 

Rule  IV. — Case  of  Address. — 369. 


22.  1.  Disce,  puer , virtutem.  2.  Tu,  mi4  Cicero , 
haec  accipies.  3.  Te,  Minerva , custos  urbis,  precor  ac 
quaeso.  4.  Audlte,  judices.  5.  Disce,  puer,  virtutes. 
6.  Amici , diem  perdidi.  7.  Conservate,  judices , bunc 
liominem. 


Accusative. 

Rule  V. — Direct  Object. — 371. 


23.  1.  Accepi  tuas  epistolas . 2.  Labor  omnia  vincit. 

3.  Animus  regit  corpus.  4.  Nostra  nos  patria  delectat. 
5.  Miltiades  totam 5 Graeciam  libera vit.  0.  Sophocles 
tragoedias  fecit.  7.  Studia  adolescentiam  alunt,  seneciu- 
tem  oblectant.  8.  Romulus  Romam  condidit.  9.  Ava- 
ritia probitdtem  subvertit.  10.  Virtus  conciliat  amicitias. 
11.  Virtus  anwcitiam  gignit. 

12.  Vestri  patres  earn  vitam  6 vixerunt.  13.  Minim 
somnium*  somniavi.  14.  Pacem 7 desperavi.  15.  Se- 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 


11 


quani  Ariovisti  crudelitdtem  1 liorrebant.  16.  Brutum 
Romfmae  matronae  luxerunt.  I T.  Milites  invadunt  ur- 
l>em?  18.  Aciem  2 circum venerun  t . 19.  Caesar  agrum 

Picenum  percurrit.  20.  Periculosissimum  3 locmn  sum 
praetervectus.  21.  Germain  transierunt. 


Pule  YI. — Two  Accusatives — Same  Person . — 373. 

24.  1.  Cicerdnem  uni  versus  popixlus  consulem  decla- 
ravit.  2.  Romulus  urbem  Romam  vocavit.  3.  Fecit 
heredem filiam.  4.  Socrates  totius  4 mundi  se  civem  ar- 
bitrabatur.  5.  Cato  cellam  penariam  rei  publicae  nos- 
trae,  nutricem  plebis  Romanae  Siciliam  nominavit.  6. 
Praesta  te  virum.  T.  Senatus  Catilinam  hostem  judicavit. 
8.  Senatus  Paulum  consulem  creavit.  9.  Socratem  Apollo 
sapientisshnum 5 judicavit.  10.  Mesopotamiam  fertilem 
cfficit  Euphrates.  11.  Tiresiam  sapientem  fingunt 
poetae.  12.  Polycrdtemfelicem  appeilabant. 


Rule  VII. — Two  Accusatives — Person  and  Thing . — 374. 

25.  1.  Te  tua  fata  docebo.  ' 2.  Hoc  me  docuit  usus, 
m agister G egregius.  3.  Fortuna  belli  ariem  victos 7 docet. 
4.  Augustus  nepotes  suos  litVeras  docuit.  5.  Antigonus 
iter  omnes 8 celat.  6.  Pacem  te  poscimus.  T.  Roeotii 
auxilia  regem  orabant.  8.  Cato  interrogatus  est  senten- 
tiarn . 9.  Marcius  omnes  artes  edoctus  fuerat. 

10.  Auxilium  a Caesar e 9 petierunt.  11.  Te  Hind 10 
admoneo.  12.  Te  id  consulo.  13.  Hannibal  nonaginta 


371,  3. 

6 373,  3. 

'441,  1. 

371,  4. 

6 363. 

0 374.  3,  3). 

162. 

’ 515, 

10  374,  5. 

149. 

* 


12 


LATIN  READER. 


millia 1 peditum  Iberum 1 tradnxit.  14.  Belgae  Rhe - 
num1  transducti  sunt. 

Bule  VIII. — Accusative  of  Time  and  Space. — 378. 

26,  1.  Servius  Tullius  regnavit  annos  quattuor2  ets 
quadraginta.  2.  Appius  Claudius  caecus  annos  mult  os 
fuit.  3.  Quaedam  bestiolae  unum  diem  vivunt.  4.  Dio- 
nysius quinque  et  viginti  natus  annos  dominatum  occu- 
pavit.  5.  Caesar  duas  fossas  quindecim  pedes  latas 
perduxit.  6.  Milites  aggerem  altum  pedes  oetoginta 
exstruxerunt.  7.  Arabes  gladios  habebant  longos  qua- 
terna  cubita.  8.  Urbs  quinque  dierum  iter  abest. 

Bule  IX.—  Accusative  of  Limit. — 379. 

27,  1.  Cicero  Athenas  venit.  2.  Regulus  Carthagi- 
nem  rediit.  3.  Hannibal  Capuam  concessit.  4.  Cicero 
maximum  numerum  frumenti4  Romam  misit.  5.  Dio- 
nysius navigabat  Syracusas.  6.  Curius  elepliantos 
quattuor  Romam  duxit. 

7.  Aurum  domunC  comportant.  8 Ego  rus  ibo.6 
9.  Yeni  consulis  domum.  10.  Yerres  Return  venit. 
11.  Pausaniam  Cypvum  miserunt.  12.  Hannibal  in 
hiberna 7 Capuam  concessit.  13.  Legiones  ad  urbem 
adducit.  14.  Darius  in  Asiavi  rediit. 

Bule  X. — Accusative  of  Specification. — 380. 

28,  1.  Equus  tremit  artus.  2.  Aeneas 8 caedit  ni- 
grantes  terga  juvencos.  3.  Jovem9  lacrimis 10  oculos 


1 374,  G. 

2 174. 

3 308,  310,  1. 


379,  3;  117,  1 ; 118,  1. 
295. 

579,  4. 


8 43. 

9 66,  3. 

10  414  ; 414,  4. 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 


13 


suffusa  niton tes  alloqmtur  Venus.  4.  Hannibal  femur 
ictus  cecidit.  5.  Hannibal  aivimum  incensus  est.  6.  Se 
deus  obtulit1  omnia  Mercurio2  similis,  vocemqiie 3 colo- 
rcmqne. 

7.  Haec  vis  valet  multum .4 5  8.  Haee  vis  idem  potest. 

9.  Nervii  nihil  possunt.  10.  Thebani  nihil  moti  sunt. 
11.  Quid  hostis  potest?  12.  Quid  venisti?  13.  Quid 
plura 6 dispiito  ? 

Rule  XI. — Accusative  in  Exclamations . — 381. 

29.  1.  O praeclaram  vitam!  2.  O speetaeulum  mi- 
serum!  3.  O tempora,  o mores!  Senatus  conjurationem 
intelligit,  consul  videt.  4.0  mm  maximam6  erroris ! 
5.  O dementiam  admirabilem  ! 6.  Heu  me  infellcem  ! 

7.  Hanc  audaciam  ! 


Dative, 


Rule  XII. — Dative  with  Verbs . — 384, 


30.  1.  Non  scholae , sed  vitae  discimus.  2.  Omnes 
homines  libertdti  student.  3.  Germani  Idbori  ac  duritiae 
student.  4.  Ego  philosophiae  semper  vaco.  5.  Pietdti 
summa7  tribuenda8  laus  est.  6.  Non  solum  nobis  divites 
sumus,  sed  liber  is,  amicis,  maximeque  rei  publicae. 

7.  Philosophiae  nos  tradmius.  8.  Graeci  homines 
honores  tribuunt  iis  viris,  qui  tyrannos  necaverunt.  9. 
Non  placidam  membris  dat  cura  quietem.  10.  Omnes, 
quum  valemus,  recta  consilia  aegrotis 9 damus. 


1 292,  2. 

2 391. 

* 587,  I.  3 & 5. 


4 380,  2. 

5 165,  1. 

6 165. 


7  163,  3. 
* 231. 

® 441. 


14 


LATIN  READER. 


31,  Dative  of  Advantage  and  Disadvantage. — 385. 
— 1.  Probus1  invidet  nemini.  2.  Homines  hominibus  pro- 
sunt.  3.  Nocet  alteri . 4.  Consulatus  ineus  placuit 
Catoni.  5.  Dioni  crudelitas  tyranni  displicebat.  6. 
Themistoeles  persuasit^q^mfo.  7.  Parti 2 civium  consu- 
lunt.  8.  Milites  non  mulieribus ? non  inf  antibus  peper- 
cerunt.  9.  Nemo  liber  est,  qui  corpori  servit. 

32,  Dative  with  Compounds. — 386, — 1.  Pelopidas 
omnibus  affuit  periculis.  2.  Nat  lira  sensibus 3 rationem 
adjunxit.  3.  Leges  omnium 4 salutem  singulorum4  saluti 
anteponunt.  4.  Parva  magnis  saepe5  conferuntur.6 

5.  Hannibal  terrorem  injeeit  exercitui  Eomanorum. 

6.  Aristides  interfuit  pugnae  navali  apud  Salamlnem. 

7.  Consiliis  interdum  obstat  fortuna.  8.  Homines  homi- 
nibus plurimum 7 et  prosunt  et  obsunt.  9.  Consiiles 
Ubertdti  suas  opes 8 postferebant.6  10.  Bona  existimatio 
divitiis  praestat.  11.  Tu  virtutem  praefer6  divitiis. 
12.  Quidam  succumbunt  doloribus.  13.  Neque  deero9 
neque  superero 9 rei  publicae. 

33,  Dative  of  Possessor. — 387. — 1.  Fuere  Lydis 
multi  reges.  2.  Non  semper  idem  foribus10  est  color. 
3.  Omnibus  inter  se11  virtutibus  amicitia  est.  4.  Est 
lionos  eloquentiae . 5.  Ei  morbo  nomen  est  avaritia. 
6.  Trojae 12  liuic  loco  nomen  est. 

34,  Dative  of  Apparent  Agent. — 388. — 1.  Caesdri 

omnia  erant  agenda.  2.  Diligentia  colenda  est  nobis . 
3.  Multa  videnda  sunt  oratovi . 4.  Cui  non  sunt  liaec 

audita  ? 


1 441. 

2 385,  3. 
a 386,  1. 
4 441,  1. 


fi  582. 


9  288. 

10  72. 

11  418,  1. 

12  387,  1. 


hrpfc 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 


15 


35.  Ethical  Dative. — 389. — 1.  Quid  ait1 *  nobis 
Sannio?  2.  Hie  mihi  quisquam  misericordiam  nomi- 
nat?  3.  Hie  mihi  Furius  pads  commoda  commemorate 
4.  Quid  sibi 5 verba  ista  volunt 3 2 

Rule  XIII. — Two  Datives — To  Which  and  For  Which. — 390. 

f 

36.  1.  Virtutes  hominibus  clecbri  sunt.  2.  Virtutes 
hominibus  gloriae  sunt.  3.  Probitas  est  omnibus 4 * amori. 
4.  Crudelitas  est  omnibus  odio.  5.  Virtus  neque  datur 
dono  neque  accipitur.  6.  Pausanias,  rex 6 Lacedaemoni- 
orum,  venit  Atticis  auxilio.. 

7.  Hoc  vitio  mihi  dant.  8.  Idne  6 alteri 7 crimini 
dabis,  quod  tu  ipse  fecisti?  9.  Caesar  legiones  duas* 
castris  praesidAo  relinquit.  10.  Hunc  sibi  domicil'd) 
locum  delegerunt. 


Rule  XIV. — Dative  with  Adjectives. — 391. 

37,  1 . V eritas  mihi  grata  est.  2.  Gratissimae  9 mihi 
tuae  litterae 19  fuerunt.  3.  P atria  Ciceroni  erat  earis- 
sima.  4.  Id  Deo  est  proximum,11  quod  est  optimum.12 
5.  Mimme 13  sibi  quisque  notus  est.  6.  Morti  nihil  est 
tam  simile,  quam  somnus.14  7.  Hominum  generi  eultura 
agrorum  est  salutaris.  8.  Belgae  proximi  sunt  Germdnis. 
9.  lis,  qui  vendunt,  justitia  necessaria  est.  10.  Pax 
nobis  omnibus  fuit  optabilis. 


Rule  XV. — Dative  with  Derivatives. — 392. 

38,  1.  Esto  obtemperatio  institutis  populorum. 


1 297,  II.  1. 

9 389,  2. 

8  293. 

4 441. 

‘ 363. 


“ 346,  n.  1. 

7 441,  2. 

8 170. 

9 162. 

10  132. 


11  166. 

19  165. 

19  305,  2 ; 165. 
14  417,  1. 


16 


LATEST  READER. 


2.  Insidiae  consuli  non  procedebant.  3.  Convenienter 
naturae  vivimus.  4.  Philosoplrus  sibi  constanter  conve- 
nienterque  dicit. 


Genitive. 

Rule  XYI. — Genitive  with  Nouns . — 395,  396. 

39.  1.  Pietas  fundamentum  1 est  omnium  virtutum. 
2.  Ira  est  initium  insaniae . 3.  Sapientia  est  rerum  divi- 

narum  et  humanarum  scientia.  4.  Nona  diei  hora  erat. 

I.  Subjective  Genitive. — 1.  Yultus  sermo  1 quidam3 
tacitus 2 mentis  est.  2.  Nostri  milites  impetum  hostium 
sustimierunt.  3.  Themistocles  non  eftugit  civium  suo- 
rum  invidiam.  4.  Ventdrum  pater  regit  navem.  5.  Sin- 
(juldrum  facultates  divitiae  1 sunt  civitdtis. 

II.  Objective  Genitive. — 1.  Crescit  amor  nummi . 
2.  Animi  morbi  sunt  cupiditates  divitidrum , gloriae , 
mluptdtum. 

III.  Partitive  Genitive. — 1.  Justitia  nihil  expetit 

praemii , nihil  preiii.  2.  Con  on  jpecuniae  quinquaginta 
talenta  civibus  suis  donavit.  3.  Permagnum  pondus  ar- 
genti  fuit.  4.  Socrates  omnium  3 sapientissimus 4 judica- 
tus  est.  5.  Galldrum  omnium  fortissimi  sunt  Belgae. 
6.  Ubinam  gentium  6 sumus  ? 7.  Satis  eloquentiae 6 fuit, 

sapientiae  parum. 

IY.  Genitive  of  Characteristic. — 1.  Tarquinius 
fratrem  habuit  Aruntem,7  mitis  ingenii  juvenem. 


8 896,  III.  3)  (g). 
4 102. 


1 362. 

2 438;  438,  1. 


6 396,  III.  4)  (2). 
6 396,  III.  4)  (1). 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 


17 


2.  Athenienses  belli  ducera 1 eligunt  Periclem,1  spectatae 
mrtutis  virum.2  3.  Classem3  septuaginta4  navium 
Athenienses  Miltiadi 3 dederunt. 

Y.  Genitive  of  Specification. — 1.  Cyri  nomen 5 ac- 
cepit.  2.  Quid  sonat  vox  voluntatis  ? 3.  Virtutes  con- 

tinentiae,gravitatis,justitiae,fidei,  omni  honore6  dignae 
sunt.  4.  Germaniae  vocabulum  recens  est.  5.  Domini 
appellationem  semper 7 exhorruit  Augustus. 

Rule  XYII. — Genitive  with  Adjectives . — 399. 

40,  1.  Avida  est  periculi  virtus.  2.  Haec  aetas  vir- 
tutum  ferax  est.  3.  Conscia  mens  recti  famae8  menda- 
eia9  ridet.  4.  Romani  appetento§  10  gloriae  atque  11  avidi 
laudis  fuerunt.  5.  Multi  contmtionis  sunt  cupidiores  12 
quain  veritatis.  6.  Epaminondas  fuit  peritus  belli,  veri- 
tdtis  diligens.  7.  Conon  prudens  rei  militaris  erat. 
8.  Socrates  se  omnium  rerum  nescium13  fingit.  9.  The- 
mistocles  peritisshnos 12  belli  navalis  fecit  Athenienses. 
10.  Homo  ratidnis  14  est  particeps.  11.  Plena  errorum 
sunt  omnia.  12.  Omnes  virtutis  compotes  15  beati  sunt. 
13.  Viri  16  propria  est  fortitudo. 

Rule  XYIII. — Predicate  Genitive. — 401-403. 

41.  1.  Damnatio  est  judicum  ; poena,  legis.  2.  Xm- 
becilli  animi  est  superstitio.  3.  Xerxis 8 classis  mille  et 
ducentarum  ncuvium  fuit.  4.  Claudius  erat  somni  bre- 
vissimi.  5.  Permagni  momenti  est  ratio.  6.  Temeritas 


1 373. 

7 582. 

E 162. 

7 363. 

8 395. 

13  373 ; 373, 

3 384,  II. 

9 371,  3,  1). 

17  399,  2,  (3). 

4 175,  2. 

10  575 ; 353. 

K 155,  5. 

1 371. 

• 419,  IV. 

11  587, 1. 

16  399,  3,  3). 

18 


LATIN  READER. 


est  florentis  1 aetdtis ; prudentia,  senescentis.  7.  Praeda 
parvi  pretii  fuit.  8.  Thebae 3 populi  Romani  factae s 
snnt.  9.  Yoluptatem  virtus  minimi 4 facit.  10.  Divitiae 
a me 5 minimi'  putantur.  11.  Nulla  possessio  pluris 8 
quam  virtus  aestimanda  est.  12.  Yendo  meum  frumen- 
tum  non  pluris , quam  ceteri.  13.  Mentiri7  non  est 
meum.6  14.  Tuum  est  milii " ignoscere. 

Rule  XIX. — Genitive  with  Certain  Verbs. — 406-408. 

42.  1 .Forum  miserere,10  qui“  in  miseriis  13  sunt. 
2.  Animus  meminit 13  praeteritorum ,14  praesentia  cernit, 
futura  praevidet.  3.  Reminiscere  pristlnae  virtutis  Hel- 
vetiorum.  4.  Deorum  16  immortalium  benejicia  10  recor- 
dor.  5.  Obliti  sunt  injuriarum.  6.  Habetis  daeem 
memorem  vestri,  oblltum  sui.  7.  Aliorum  vitia  cernit, 
obliviseitur  sudrum.  8.  Flagitiorum  suorum  recordabl- 
tur.  9.  Planei  meriti  recordor.  j- 

10.  Magni 17  rei  publicae  interest  omnes  copias  10  con- 
venire.19  11.  Illud  m-ed™  magni  interest.  12.  Hoc  tud 
nihil 17  referebat.  13.  Tud  et  med  maxime 31  interest  te 
valere.  14.  Non  refert,  quam  multos  libros,  sed  quam 
bonos  habeas.33 


Rule  XX. — Accusative  and  Genitive. — 410. 

43.  1.  Te  veteris  amicitiae  commonefacio.  2.  Tibe- 
rms,  judices 23  legum  admonebat. 


' 615. 

5 131,  1,  2). 
8 279 ; 294. 
4 403;  165. 
‘ 414,  5. 

* 165.  1. 

’ 549. 

B 404,  1. 


* 385. 

10  272,  2. 

11  445. 

K 435,  1. 

13  297,  I. 

14  575  ; 295,  2. 
13  45,  6. 

16  407, 1 


*’  408,  3. 
“646. 

19  408,  2. 

20  408,  1,  2).- 
31  305,  2 ; 165. 
53  525. 

78. 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 


19 


3.  Te  convineo  non  inhumanitdtis  solum,  sed  etiam  1 
amentiae . 4.  Fannius  Verrem  insimiilat  avaritiae  et 
audaciae.  5.  Cicero  Verrem  avaritiae  coarguit.  C. 
Orestes  aceusatur  matrieidii.  7.  Nicomedes  furti  dam- 
natus  est. 

8.  Nonne 2 te  miseret  mei  ? 9.  Num 2 hujus  te  gloriae 

poenitebat  ? 10.  Me  non  solum  piget  stultitiae  meae, 

sed  etiam  pudet.  11.  Me  civitatis  morum 3 piget  tae- 
detque.4 


Ablative, 


Rule  XXI. — Ablative  of  Cause , Manner , Means . — 414. 

44.  I.  Cause. — 1.  Caesar  J)enefieiis  ac  munificentid 
magnus  habebatur,  integritdte  vitae,  Cato.5 6  2.  Quidam 
vitiis  suis  gloriantur.  3.  Gubernatoris  ars  utilitdte , non 
arte  laudatur.  4.  Avaritid  et  luxurid  Rom  an  a civitas 
laborabat.  5.  Nimio  gaudio  paene 6 desipiebam.  6. 
Adolescentes  senum  7 jpraeeeptis  gaudent.  7.  Laetus 
sorte  tua  vives  sapienter.6  8.  Campani  fuerunt  superbi 
bonitdte  agrorum. 

II.  Manner. — 1.  Miltiades  summa8  aequitdte  res 

Chersonesi  constituit.  2.  Athenienses  vi  summa  proeli- 
um  comrniserunt.  3.  Sidera9  cursus  suos  conficiunt 
maxima10  eeleritdte . 4.  Athenienses  cum  silentio 11  audlti 

sunt.  5.  Cum  virtute  vivimus.  6.  Fausanias  epulaba- 
tur  more  Persarum. 

III.  Means,  Instrument. — 1 . Servius  Tullius  virtute 


1 587,  I.  5. 
■ 346,  II.  1 
3 72. 


5 367,  3. 

6 582. 


7  78,  5. 


4 587,  I.  3. 


163,  3. 


9 73,  1. 

10  1G5. 

11  414,  3< 


20 


LATIN  KEADEE. 


regnum  tenuit.  2.  Nemo  fit 1 casu  bonus.  3.  A varus 
animus  nullo  satiatur  lucro.  4.  Tralumur  omnes  studio 
laudis.2  5.  Magnos  homines  virtute  inetlmur,  non  for- 
tund.  6.  Dido 3 vitam  suam  gladio  finlvit.  7.  Voluptdte 
capiuntur  homines,  ut  hamo  pisces.4  8.  Minuuntur  atrae 
carmine  curae.  9.  Boni  nullo  emolumento  impelluntur 
in  fraudem.6 

IY.  Agent. — 1.  Alcibiades  eruditus  est  a 8ocrdte.t 
2.  A Deo  omnia 7 facta  sunt.8  3.  Sacra  ab  Numa  insti- 
tuta  sunt.  4.  A multis 7 ipsa9  virtus  contemnitur. 


Rule  XXII. — Ablative  of  Price. — 416, 


45.  1.  Ego  10  spem  pretio  non  emo.  2.  Yas  Corin- 
thium  magno  pretio  mercatus  sum.  3.  Yiginti  talentis 
unam"  orationem  Isocrates  vendidit.  4.  Si  prata  magno 
aestimant,  quanti 12  est  aestimanda 13  virtus?  5.  Fanum 
pecunid  grandi  venditum  est.  6.  Otium  non  gemmis 11 
venale  est. 

Rule  XXIII. — Ablative  with  Comparatives. — 417. 

46.  1.  Yilius  argentum  est  auro,  virtutibus  aurum. 
2.  Lux  sonitu  est  velocior.  3.  Amoris  simulatio  pejor 13 
est  odio.  4.  Nihil  est  veritatis  luce  dulcius.  5.  Nihil  est 
ratione  melius.16  6.  Lacrimd  nihil  citius  areseit. 

7.  Tullus  Hostilius  ferocior  quam  Romulus 18  fuit. 
8.  Sol  major16  est  quam  terra.  9.  Natura  nihil  habet 


1 294. 


7 441,  1. 


12  402,  III.  1. 

13  229,  231. 

14  416,  1,  4). 
16  165. 

16  417,  1. 


8 396,  II. 

3 61,  5 ; 92,  3. 


0 452. 

10  446. 

11  176. 


294 ; 294,  2. 


4 367,  3. 
6 435,  1. 
‘ 414,  5. 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 


21 


praestantius  quam  honestdtem'  10.  Timoleon  sapientius 2 
tulit 3 secundam  fort un am  quam  adversavi.  11.  Major 
famae  sitis  est  quam  virtutis.1 

Rule  XXIV. — Ablative  of  Difference.— 418. 

47.  1.  P atria  mihi4  vita  mea  multo  est  carior.  2. 
Pompeius  biennio  major  fuit  quam  Cicero.1  3.  Hie  locus 
aequo  spatio  ab  castris  6 Ariovisti  et  Caesaris  aberat.  4. 
Numa  Pompilius  annis  permultis  ante  fuit  quam 6 Py- 
thagoras. 5.  Ilomeri 7 etsi  ineerta  sunt  tempora,  tamen 
annis  multis  fuit  ante  Eomiilum.8 

Rule  XXV. — Ablative  in  Special  Constructions . — 419. 

48.  I.  Utor,  Fruor,  etc. — 1.  Multi  benefieio  Dei 
perverse  utuntur.  2.  Pecordatidne  nostrae  amicitiae 9 
fruor.  3.  Commoda,  quibus  utimur,  a Deo  10  nobis11 
dantur.  4.  Lux,  qua  fruimur,  a Deo  nobis  datur.  5.  Vir- 
tutis  munere  functus  sum.  6.  Solus  potitus  est  imperio 
Romulus.  7.  Xumidae  plerumque  lacte  12  et  came  13  ves- 
cebantur. 

II.  Fido,  Confido,  etc. — 1.  Prudentia  consilioqiie  14 

fidimus.  2.  Quis  aut  corporis  firmiiate  aut  fortunae  sia- 
bilitdte  confldet  ? 3.  Juvenis  nititur  hastd. 

III.  Plenty  and  Want.— 1.  Abundarunt 15  semper 
auro  regna  Asiae.  2.  Capua  fortissimorum  virorum 
multitudlne  redundat.  3.  Antiochla  eruditissimis  homi- 


1 417,  l. 


6 523,  2,  2). 

7 395. 

8 432,  433. 

9 396,  II. 

10  414,  5. 


11  384,  I. 


3 292. 

4 391. 
6 434. 


9 582,  305. 


12  63. 

13  61,  3. 

14  587,  I.  3. 
16  234. 


22 


LATIN  READER. 


mbits  affluebat.  4.  Nihil  honestnm  est  quod  1 justitid 
vacat.  5.  Nulla 2 vitae  pars  vacat  officio.  6.  Nunquam 
erninentia  invidid  caret.  7.  Magna  negotia  magnis  ad 
jutoribus  egent.  8.  Deus  bonis 3 omnibus  explevit  mum 
dum.  9.  Hectora4  vita  spoliavit  Achilles.  10.  Caesari 
tradita  urbs  est,  nuda  5 praesidio , referta  copiis.  11, 
Virtute  multi 3 praediti  sunt. 

IY.  Dignus,  Indignus,  etc. — 1.  Yirtus  imitatidne 1 
non  invidid  digna  est.  2.  Quam  multi  indigni  luce 
sunt,  et  tamen  dies  oritur.6  3.  Sapientia  eo  contenta  est, 
quod  adest.  4.  Intelligentia  vestra  fretus  sum. 

Y.  Opus  and  Uses. — 1.  Magistratibus  opus  est.  2. 
Multis 7 duce  opus  est.  3.  Nihil 8 opus  est  simulatidne. 
4.  Nwmbus  consiili  usus  est.  5.  Quantum  9 argenti 10  est 
tibi  opus  ? 6.  Nobis  exempla  permulta  opus  sunt. 

Rule  XXVI. — Ablative  of  Place. — 421. 

49.  1.  In  Italia  bellum  fuit.  2.  Haec  ab  Romanis 
in  Graecid  gesta  sunt.  3.  Iphicrates  in  Thvacid  vixit. 
4.  Caesar  ab  uvbe  profieiscitur.  5.  Darius  ex  Asia  in 
Europam  11  exercitum  trajecit.  ^6.  Talis  Romae  Fabri- 
cius,  qualis  Aristides  Athenis  fuit. 

7.  Tarquinius  Superbus  mortuus  est  Cumis.  8.  Numa 
Pompilius  Curibus  habitabat.  9.  Syracusis  est  fons 
aquae  dulcis,  cui 12  nomen  Arethusa  est.  10.  Demaratus, 
Tarquinii  regis  pater,  fugit  Tarquinios  13  Corintho.  11. 
Haec  terra  marique  14  gesta  sunt.  12.  Conon  plurimum 16 
vixit  6Y2/pW,1<5Timotheus  Lesbi. 


1 445. 

2 149. 

8 441,  1, 
4 93,  1. 

8 438. 


9 419,  3,  2). 

10  396,  III. 


6 286,  2. 

7 419,  3. 

8 380,  2. 


14  422,  1,  1). 

J6  380,  2;  165, 
,e  424,  1. 


11  435,  1. 

12  387. 

13  379. 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 


23 


Rule  XXYII. — Ablative  of  Source  and  Separation. — 425. 

50.  1.  Praeclarum  a majoribus  accepimus  morem.1 2 3 
2.  Hoc  a senibus 2 audivimus.  3.  Disce,  puer,  virtutem 
ex  me,  fortunam  ex  aliis.  4.  Ex  nimia  potentid  oritur 
interitus.  5.  Jove 3 nate,  Hercules,  salve. 

6.  Abstinent  pugnd . Y.  Lacedaemonii  de  diutina 
contentidne  destiterunt.  8.  Zania  quinque  dierum  iter 4 
ab  Carthagine  abest.  9.  Ariovistus  millibus5  passuum 
sex  a Caesaris  castris 6 consedit.  10.  Tu,  Jnpiter,  Cati- 
llnam  a tectis  urbis,  a moenibus , a vita  fortunisqne  civi- 
um  omnium  arcebis.  11.  Dionysius  tyrannus  Syraeusis 
expulsus  est.  12.  Aristides  nonne7  expulsus  est  jpatria  ? 
13.  Themistocles  imperator  bello  Persico  servitute  Grae- 
ciam  liberavit.  14.  Robustus  animus  omni  est  liber 
curd  et  angdre. 

/ Rule  XXYIII. — Ablative  of  Time. — 426,  427. 

51.  1.  Augustus  obiit8  sexto  et  septuagesimo  aetatis 
anno.  2.  Socrates  supremo 9 vitae  die  de  immortalitate 
animorum  multa  disseruit.  3.  Timoleon  proelia  maxi- 
ma 10  natali  die  suo  fecit  omnia.  4.  Qua  node  natus  est 
Alexander,  eddem  Dianae  Ephesiae  templum  deflagravit. 

5.  Solis  occasu  suas  copias  Ariovistus  in  castra  reduxit. 

6.  Nemo  mortalium  omnibus  horis  sapit.  ^ Y.  Laelius 
sermonem  de  amicitia  habuit  paucis  diebus11  post  mor- 
tem Africani.  8.  Roscius  litem  12  decidit  abliinc  minis 
quattuor.  9.  Carthago  septingentesimo  anno  postquan: 
condita  erat,  deleta  est. 


1 72.  6 378,  2.  9 163,  3, 

2 78,  5.  8 132.  10  165. 

3 66,  3 ; 425,  3,  7 346,  IT.  1.  11  427. 

• 378.  8 205,  3,  12  71,  6. 


24 


LATIN  READER. 


Rule  XXIX. — Ablative  of  Characteristic, — 428. 

52.  1.  Caesar  Procillum,  summd  1 virtute  adolescen- 
tem,  ad  Ariovistum  misit.  2.  Aristoteles,  vir2  summo 
ingenio , scientia , prudentiam  cum  eloquentia  con- 

junxit.  3.  Cato  singulari  fuit  prudentia  3 et  industria. 
4.  Appius  homo  fuit  summd  prudentia , multd  etiam 
doctrmd.  5.  Hannibalis  nomen  erat  magnd  apud  omnes 
gloria,  6.  Agesilaus  staturd  fuit  humili  et  corpore  exi- 
guo.  7.  Caesar  fuit  excelsa  staturd,  coldre  candido, 
nigris  oculis. 


Rule  XXX. — Ablative  of  Specification, — 429. 


53.  1.  Sunt  quidam  homines4  non  re,  sed  nomine. 
2.  Doctrmd  Graecia  Romanos  et  omni  litterarum  genere 
superabat.  3.  Mardonius,  natione  Medus,  a Pausania5 
fugatus  est.  4.  Helvetii  reliquos  Gallos  virtute  praece- 
dunt.  5.  Ancus  regnavit  annos6  quattuor  et  viginti, 
euilibet 7 superiorum  8 regum  belli  pacisque  et  artibus  et 
gloria  par. 


Rule  XXXI. — Ablative  Absolute , — 430  & 431. 

54.  1.  Cognito  Caesaris  adventu,  Ariovistus  legates 
ad  eum  mittit.  2.  Ite,9  deis  10  ben s juvantibus.  3.  Py- 
thagoras, Tarquinio  Superbo  regnante,  in  Italiam  venit. 
4.  Virtute  exceptd,  nihil  amicitia  11  praestabilius  est.  5. 
Germani  pellibus  12  utuntur,  magna  corporis  parte  nudd. 
6.  Natus  est  Augustus,  Cicerone  et  Antonio  consulibus. 


1 163,  3. 

6 414,  6. 

9 295. 

5 363. 

6 378. 

10  45,  6. 

5 428,  1,  2). 

7 191,  II. ; 391. 

11  417. 

4 362. 

8 163,  3. 

" 419. 

SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 


25 


7.  Romani,  S cipidne  duce , ponte  facto , superaverunt 
Tieiniim  flumen. 

Rule  XXXII. — Cases  with  Prepositions. — 432-435. 

55.  I.  Accusative. — 1.  Sophocles  ad  summam  senec- 
tutem  tragoedias  fecit.  2.  Adolescentes  senurn  praeceptis 
ad  virtutum 1 studia  ducuntur.  3.  Pietas  est  justitia  ad- 
versus  deos.  4.  Ante  lucem  galli  canunt.  5.  Epaminon- 
das  Lacedaemonios  vicit  apud  Mantineam.  6.  Legiones 
Etruscorum  cis  Padum  fusae  sunt.  7.  Utilitatis  dere- 
lictio  contra  naturam  est.  * 8.  Justitia  erga  deos  religio9 
dicitur,  erga  parentes , pietas.  9.  Ratio  conciliat  inter 
se 3 homines.  10.  Amicitia  est  propter  se  expetenda.4 
11.  Animus  per  somnum  curis  5 vacuus  est.  12.  Post 
me  erat  Aeglna.  13.  Secundum  flumen  paucae  stationes 
videbantur.  14.  Germani  trans  Rhenum  incolunt. 

II.  Ablative. — 1.  A prima6  aetdte  me  philosophia 
delectavit.  2.  Cantabit  vacuus  coram  latrone  viator. 
3.  Sex  menses7  cum  Antiocko  philosopho  fui.  4.  Scipio 
ob  egregiam  victoriam  de  Ilannihdle  appellafus  est  Afri- 
canus.  5.  Yirtus  ex  viro  appellata  est.  6.  Cato  prae 
ceteris  floruit.  7.  Caesar  legiones  pro  castris  constituit. 

8.  Yita  nihil  sine  magno  lal)6re  dedit  mortalibus.8  9. 
Aqua  erat  pectoribus  tenus.9 

III.  Accusative  or  Ablative.- — 1.  In  amnem  ruunt. 
2.  Gallia  est  divlsa  in  partes  tres.  3.  Homo  doetus  in  se 
semper  divitias  habet.  4.  Sub  ipsa  moenia  progressi 
sunt.  5.  Saepe  est  etiam  sub  pallia  sordido  sapientia. 
6.  Yirtus  omnia  subter  se  habet. 


1 396,  II. 

2 362. 

3 448,  1. 


4 231  ; 460,  1. 

6 419,  III. 

6 441,  6;  166. 


7 378. 

8 384,  II. 

9 434,  4. 


2 


26 


LATIN  READER. 


/ 


SYNTAX  OF  ADJECTIVES. 

Rule  XXXIII. — Agreement  of  A dje dives . —4 3 8 , 439. 

56,  1.  Vera  amicitia  sempiterna  est.  2,  Verae  ami- 
ci tiae  sempiternae  sunt.  3.  Venit  hiems  glacialis . 4. 

Fugit  irreparable  tempus.  5.  Nihil  est  ab  omni  parte 
bedtum.  6.  Atra  nubes  condidit  lunam.  7.  Ilora  quota 
est  ? 8.  Qualls  est  tua  mens  ? 9.  Nemo  naseitur  dives . 

10.  Stultitia  et  temeritas  fugienda  1 sunt.  11.  Labor 
voluptasque,  dissimillimd 2 natura,1 * 3 4 *  inter  se  sunt  juneta. 
12.  Non  terret  sapientem 4 mors.  13.  Fortes 4 fortuna 
adjuvat.  14.  Primah  luce  summus  mons  a Labieno 
tenebatur.6  15.  Feriunt  summos  fulgiira  montes.  16. 
Roscius  assiduus 7 ruri 8 vixit,  17.  Philosophiae 9 nos 
totos  tradimus.  18.  Themistocles  absens  proditionis  10  est 
accusdtus.  19.  Triumplius  darior  quam  gratiorn  fuit. 


SYNTAX  OF  PRONOUNS. 

Rule  XXXIV. — Agreement  of  Pronouns . — 445. 

57.  1.  Omne  animal  se  ipsum  12  diligit.  2.  Ad  quas 
res  aptissimi  erimus,  in  Us  elaborabimus.  3.  Nihil  ex- 
pedit,  quod  non  decet.  4.  Non  est  vir 13  fortis,  qui 14  labo- 
rem  fugit. 

58.  Personal  and  Possessive. — 446-449. — 1.  Omnia 


1 460 ; 439,  3.  6 468.  11  444,  2. 

3 163,  2;  439,  3.  7 443.  12  452. 

8 414.  * 8 424,  2;  421,  II,  18  362. 

4 441.  °3S4,  II.  14  445,  6. 

fc  441,  6.  10  410,  II. 


SYNTAX  OF  PRONOUNS. 


27 


animalia  se  diligunt.  2.  Te 1 tua ,2  me  delectant  mea. 

3.  Ad  amlcum  de  amieitia  scripsi.  4.  Ego  beatus  sum. 
5.  In  philosophiae  studio  aetatem  consumpsi.  6.  Aris- 
tides non  effugit  civium  sudrum  invidiam. 

59,  Demonstrative. — 450-452. — 1.  Ilaec  est  tyram 
norum  vita.  2.  Nos  ipsi 3 consolamur.  3.  Ille  est  vir. 

4.  Ab  ipso  Graccho  eddem  haee  audlmus.  5.  Homo  ha- 
bet  memoriam  et  earn 4 infinltam. 


60.  Relative. — 453. — 1.  In  mundo  Deus  est,  qui 
regit,  qui  gubernat,  qui  cursus  astro  rum,  mutationes 
temporum,  rerum  vicissitudines  conservat.  2.  Riden- 
tur,5  mala  qui  componunt  carmina.  3.  Eddem  est  utili- 
tatis,  quae 6 honestatis,  regula.  4.  Servi  moribus 7 iisdem 
erant,  quibus 7 dominus.  5.  Animal  hoc  providum, 
sagax,  acutum,  memor,  plenum  ration  is,8  quern 9 voea- 
mus  hominem,  generatum  est  a Deo.  ( 6.  Perutiles 
Xenophontis  libri  sunt ; quos  10  legate  studiose. 

61,  Interrogative. — 454. — 1.  0 dii 11  immortales,12 

quam  rem  publieam  habemus,  in  qua  urbe  vivimus  ? 2. 

Quae  in  me  est  facultas  ? 


62.  Indefinite. — 455-459. — 1.  Exspectabam  13  ali- 
quem  meorum.14  2.  Yeni  Athenas,16  necpie  me  quisquam 
ibi  agnovit.  3.  Aut  nemo , aut,  si  quisqxuim , Cato  sapi- 
ens fuit.  4.  Suum  cuique 16  pulchrum  est.  5.  Optimum 17 
quidque 18  rarisslmum  est.  6.  Consilium  alter  19  exercltum 
perdidit,  alter  vendidit. 


371. 

6 399,  2,  2). 

441,  1. 

* 445,  4. 

452,  1. 

10  453. 

451,  2. 

“ 45,  6. 

453,  2. 

“ 369. 

451,  5. 

428. 

“468. 

28 


LATIN  HEADER, 


/ 


SYNTAX  OF  VERBS, 


Agreement, 


Rule  XXXV.— Verb  with  Subject.— 460-463. 

63.  1.  Homines,  dum  docent ,l  discunt.  2.  Tantum 

scimus  ,2  quantum  memoria  teneinus.  3.  Ego  libertatem 
jpejperi  • ego  patriam  liberdvi ? 4.  Crescit  amor  nummi, 

quantum  3 ipsa  pecunia  crescit.  5.  Pars  perexigua  Ro- 
mam  inermes 4 delati  sunt.  6.  Uterque  6 eorum  exerei- 
tum  ex  castris  educunV  7.  Corinthus,  totius  Graeciae 
lumen,  exstinctum 7 est.  8.  Ratio  et  oratio conciliate  inter 
se  homines.  9.  Castor  et  Pollux  ex  equis  jpugnmerunt? 

Indicative — Tenses  and  Use. 

Rule  XXXYI. — Use  of  Indicative. — 474. 

64.  Present. — 466,  467. — 1.  Virtus  conciliat  amici- 
tias.  2.  Nulla  habemus  arma  contra  mortem.  3.  In 
proelio  cita  mors  venit,  aut  victoria  laeta. 

f 

65.  Imperfect. — 468,  469. — 1.  Laelius  orationem 
suam  exornabat.  2.  Exspectdbam  adventum  Menandri. 
3.  Lycurgi  leges  vigebant.  4.  Ut  Romae 10  consules,  sic 
Carthagine  quotannis  bini  reges  creabantur. 

66.  Future  and  Future  Perfect. — 470, 473. — 1.  Po- 


1 460,  2. 


6 149,  4. 
* 461,  3. 
’ 462. 


2 460,  2,  1). 


’ 380,  2. 

4 438,  6. 


SYNTAX  OF  VERBS. 


29 


mam 1 quum  venero , quae  2 perspexero,  scribam  ad  te. 
2.  Ut  sementem  fecens , ita  metes . 3.  Si  te  3 rogavero 
aliquid,3  non  respondebis  ? 

f~ 

67.  Perfect  and  Pluperfect. — 471,  472. — 1.  Hos- 
tes,  ubi  primum  nostros  equites  conspexerunt ,4  celeriter 
nostros  perturbaverunt.  2.  Ipse  semper  cum  Graecis 
Latina  conjunxi . 3.  Ci vitas  haec  semper  a me  defensa 

est . 4.  Lacedaemoniorum  gens  fortis  fuit , dum  Lycurgi 

leges  vigebant.  5.  Summa  cura5  exspectabam  adventum 
Menandri,  quern 6 ad  te  miseram . 6.  Hannibal  tres  mo- 

dios  aureorum  annulorum  Cartbaglnem  misit , quos 
manibus 7 equitum  Eomanurum 8 detraxemt . 

Subjunctive. — Tenses  and  Use. 

Rule  XXXYII. — Sequence  of  Tenses . — 480,  481. 

63.  1.  Ego  vos  hortor,  ut  amici tiam  omnibus  rebus9 
humanis  antepondtis.10  2.  Philosophia  nos  doeuit,  ut 
nosmet 11  ipsos  nosceremus .12  3.  Dubitant  nonnulli  de 

mundo,  casune  13  ipse  sit  effeetusf  an  mente  divlna.  4. 
Epaminondas  quaeslvit,  salvusne  15  esset  clipeus.  5.  Epa- 
minondas  rogavit,  essentne  fusi  hostes.  6.  Ego  in  causis 
publicis  ita  sum  versatus,  ut  defenderim  multos. 

Rule  XXXYIII. — Potential  Subjunctive. — 485,  486. 

69.  1.  Quaerat  quispiam,  cujusnam  16  causa  17  mum 
dus  factus  sit.14  2.  Videas  rebus 17  injustis  justos 13 


1 579. 

2 445,  6. 

3 574. 

4 460,  2. 
6 414,  3. 
• 445. 


10  489,  490. 

11  184,  a. 

12  492,  2;  374,  4. 


14  525. 

16  526,  I. 
16  188,  3, 
J7  414. 


1H  441,  545. 


13  526,  II.  1. 


30 


LATIN  READER. 


maxime 1 dolere.2  3.  Equidem  vellem?  ut  redires.  4. 
Forsitan  quaeras  qui  iste  terror  sit.  5.  Hoc  sineulla4 
dubitatione  confirmaverim . 6.  Quid  facidtis  ? 6 7. 
Quis  haec  facial  f 8.  Quid  mdeatur  Deo6  magnum  in 
rebus  humanis  ? 

^ Rule  XXXIX. — Subjunctive  of  Desire . — 487  ; 488. 

70.  1.  Imitemur  majores  nostros.  2.  Valeant  cives 
mei ; sint  incolumes,  sint  beati ; stet  haec  urbs  praeclara. 
3.  Religio  et  tides  antepondtur 7 amicitiae.8  4.  Orator 
imitetur  Demosthenem.  5.  Is  qui  imperat  aliis 9 serviat 
ipse  nulli 10  cupiditati.  6.  In  rebus  prosperis  superbiam 
arrogantiamqu q fugidmus.  7.  Ne  quis,  tanquain  parva, 
fastidwt  grammaticae  elementa. 

Rule  XL.— Subjunctive  of  Purpose  or  Result . — 489. 

71.  Ut  and  Ne. — 490-493.— 1.  Romani  ab  aratro 

abduxerunt  Cincinnati™,  ut  dictator  essetP  2.  Phaethon 
optflvit,  ut  in  currum  12  patris  13  toller elurP  3.  Caesar 
ad  Lamiam  scripsit,  ut  ad  ludos  omnia  14  4.  Ti- 

moleon  oravit  omnes,  ne  id  facerentP  5.  Decrevit 
senatus,  ut  consul  mderetf  ne  quid  res  publica  detri- 
menti 16  caperetP  6.  Discipulos  id  unum  17  moneo,  ut 
pracceptores  18  non  minus,  quam  ipsa  studia  amentf 

72.  Ut  and  ut  non. — 494-496. — 1.  Tanta  vis  prohi- 
tatis  est,  ut  earn  in  hoste  etiam  diligdmus.  2.  Dives  est, 
cui 19  tanta  possessio  est,  ut  nihil  optet  amplius.  3.  Epa- 
minondas  adeo  fuit  veritatis  20  diligens,  ut  ne  joeo  21  qui- 


2 550. 

3 293. 

4 149. 


J 305,  2 ; 165. 


* 386. 

9 385. 

* 149. 

11  480. 

12  435. 

18  66,  2, 

14  492. 


16  374,  4. 
,fi  396,  III. 

17  374,  6. 


6 384. 

7 463,  1, 


6 486,  II. 


1B  371. 

10  387. 

20  399. 

81  414,  3. 


SYNTAX  OF  VERBS. 


31 


dem  1 menUretur.  4.  Quis  est  tain  miser,  lit  non  Dei 
munificentiam  senserit  f 5.  Alcibiades  erat  ea  sagacitate,2 
ut  decipi 1 non  posset' 

73.  Quo,  Quin,  Quominus. — 497-499. — 1.  Lex  bre- 
vis est,  quo  facilius  ab  imperltis  teneatur . 2.  Nunquam 

accedo  ad  te,  quin  abs  te  abeam 6 doctior.  3.  Quis  dubi- 
tet,6  quin  in  virtute  divitiae  sint  ? 4.  Quid  obstat,  quo- 

minus  Deus  sit  beatus  ? 

74.  Eelatiye. — 500,  501. — 1.  Caesar  equitatum,  qui 

sustineret  hostium  impetum,  misit.  2.  Non  tu  is  es, 
quem  nihil  deledeL  3.  Ego  is  sum,  qui  nihil  unquani 
mea,  potius  quam  meorum  civiurn  causa,7  fecerim .8  4. 

Nihil  est  quod  Deus  efficere 9 non  jaossit  5.  Nullum  est 
animal  praeter  liominem,  quod  habeat  notitiam  aliquanx 
Dei.  6.  Inventi  sunt  multi,10  qui  non  modo  pecuniam,11 
sed  vitam  etiam  profundere 12  pro  patria  parati 13  essent . 

Eule  XLI. — Subjunctive  of  Condition — 503-513. 

75.  Dum,  Modo,  Dummodo. — 505. — 1.  Oderint,14  dum 

metuant . 2.  Multi  omnia  recta10  negligunt,  dummodo 

potentiam  consequantur . 3.  Omnia  postposui,  dummodo 

praeceptis15  patris  jaarerem. 

76.  Ac  si,  Ut  si,  Quasi,  etc. — 506. — 1.  Tu  similiter 
facis,  ac  si  me  rages , cur  te  duobus 16  contuear  1 - oculis. 

2.  Patres  metus  cepit,18  velut  si  jam  ad  portas  hostis  esset. 

3.  Quid  19  testibus  20  utor,  quasi  res  dubia  sit  f 


1 602,  HI.  2. 

2 428. 

3 552,  1. 

4 289. 

6 295,  3. 

6 486,  II. 

7 414. 


6 481,  I.  2 ; 460. 

9 552,  1. 

10  441. 

11  871. 

12  552,  3. 

13  438. 

14  487,  297. 


,e  385. 

16  176,  2. 

17  525. 

18  214. 

30  380,  2. 
20  419. 


32 


LATIN  READER. 


77.  Si,  Nisi,  etc.:  Qui=Si  is,  etc. — 507-513. — 1. 

Animimi  rege,  qni,  nisi  paret,  imperaV  2.  Si  beatam 
vitarn  volumus 2 adipisei,3  virtuti  opera  danda  est.  3. 
Thucydidis  orationes  ego  laudo  ; imitari  neque passim* 
si  velim ,2  nee  velim  fortasse,  si  passim . 4.  Non  passem 6 

vivere,  nisi  in  litteris  viverem ,6  5.  Consilium,  ratio,  sen- 

tentia  nisi  essent 0 in  senibus,7  non  summum8  consilium9 
majores  nostri  appellassent  0 senatum. 

Eule  XLII. — Subjunctive  of  Concession. — 515,  516. 

78.  Licet,  Quamvis,  etc. — 1.  Licet  ipsa  vitium11  sit 
ambiti o,  frequenter  tamen  causa  virtutum  est.12  2.  Non 
est  magnus  pumilio,  licet  in  monte  canstiterit.  3.  Quam- 
,vis  se  13  ipso  contentus  sit  sapiens,14  amlcis  lo  illi  opus  est. 
4.  Ego,  qui  sero  Graecas  litteras  aUigissem , tamen  com- 
piures  Athenis  16  dies  17  sum  commoratus. 

79.  Etsi,  Tametsi,  Etiamsi. — 1.  Eloquentiae  18  stu- 
dendum  est,  etsi  ea 19  quidam  perverse  abutuntur.  2. 
Hoc,  etiamsi  nobilitatum  non  sit*0  tamen  lionestum  est ; 
etiamsi  a nullo2*  laudetur , est  laudabile. 

Eule  XLIIL— Subjunctive  of  Cause. — 517-520. 

80.  Quum,  Qui. — 518,  519. — 1.  Quum  vita  sine  aml- 
cis  metus 22  plena  sit , ratio  ipsa  monet  amicitias  compa- 
rare.  2.  Quum  shit  in  nobis  consilium,  ratio,  prudentia, 


1 508. 

2 293. 

3 552. 


4 509,  289. 

6 510. 

6 510;  463,11. 


9 373.  16  421. 

10  510,  1 ; 234.  17  378. 

15  362.  * 384. 

12  460,  2.  19  419. 

18  419,  IV.  20  460,  2. 


7 78,  5. 

* 163.  3. 


14  441.  21  149  ; 414,  5. 

15  419,  3.  22  399,  2,  2). 


SYNTAX  OF  VERBS. 


33 


necesse  est,  Deuin  ’ haec  ipsa  habere1 2  majora.  3.  Quum 
venissem 3 Atlienas,4  sex  menses5  cum  Antiocho,  nobilis- 
simo  0 philosopho,7  fui.  4.  Caninius  fait  mirifica  vigil  an- 
ti a,8  qui  suo  toto  eonsulatu9  somnum  non  viderit .10 

81.  Quod,  Quia,  etc. — 520. — 1.  Plato  eseam"  malo- 
rura  appellat  voluptatem,  quod  ea  12  homines  capiantur , 
velut  hamo  pisces.  2.  Nemo  unqnam  est  oratorem,  qnod 
Latine  loqueretur , admiratus.  3.  Mater  irata  est,  quia  / 
non  redierim . 

Pule  XLIY. — Subjunctive  of  Time  with  Cause . — 521-523. 

82,  1.  Dum  rehquae  naves  convenirent , ad  horam 
nonam  exspectavit.  2.  Quievere  13  milites,  dum  praefec- 
tus  arma 14  inspiceret.  3.  Tragoedi  quotidie,  antequam 
pronuntient , voeem  sensim  excitant.  4.  Ante  15  videmus 
falgnrationem,  quam  sonum  audidmus . 5.  Caesar  ad 
Pompeii  castra10  pervenit,  priusquam  Pompeius  sentiretT 

Pule  XLV. — Subjunctive  in  Indirect  Questions . — 525. 

N 83.  1.  Nescis,  quantas  vires  virtus  habeatf  2.  No- 
men tantum  virfcutis  usurpas ; quid  19  ipsa  valeat , ignoras. 

3.  Lepidus  declaravit  quantum  hciberet  odium  servitutis.20 

4.  Caesar  equitatum  oinnem  praemittit,  qui 21  videant,22 
quas  in  partes  iter  faciant.  5.  Non  intellignnt  homines, 
quam  magnum  vectlgal 23  sit  parsimonia.24  6.  In  orato- 


1 545  ; 45,  6. 

a 549. 

5 518,  II.  1. 


9 426. 

10  519. 

11  m. 

12  414. 

13  235. 


1T  523,  2. 


* 525,  2 ; 480. 


4 379. 

4 378. 

5 162. 
’ 363. 
"428. 


14  131,  1,  4). 

16  523,  2,  2). 

* 132;  379,4. 


w 380,  2. 

20  396,  n. 

21  445,  5. 

22  500. 


84 


LATEST  READER. 


/. 


ribus  Graecis,  admirabde  est,  quantum  inter  omnes  unus 
excellat.  7.  Mihi  non  minori 1 curae2  est,  qualis  respub- 
lica  post  mortem  meam  futura  sit , quam  qualis  hodie  sit. 

Rule  XLYI. — Subjunctive  by  Attraction. — 527. 

84.  1.  Me  admones,  ut  me  integrum,  quoad  possim, 

servem.3  2.  Quid  est,  cur  non  orator  de  rebus  iis  elo- 
quentissime  dicat,4  quas  cognovit.  3.  Jussit  ut,  quae 
venissent , naves  Euboeam  peterent.3  4.  In  Hortensio 
memoria  fuit  tanta,  ut,  quae  secum  commentdtus  esset , 
ea  verbis  5 iisdem 6 redderet,7  quibus  cogitavisset . 5.  Re- 

cordatione  9 nostrae  amicitiae  sic  fruor,  ut  beate  vixisse 9 
videar,7  quia  cum  Scipione  vixerim.10 

Rule  XLYII. — Subjunctive  in  Indirect  Discourse.— b 29. 

85.  1.  Socrates  dicebat,11  omnes  12  in  eo,  quod  solvent , 
satis13  esse14  eloquentes.  2.  Apud  Hypanim  15  fluvium, 
Aristoteles  ait,16  bestiolas  quasdem  nasci,  quae  unum 
diem  vivant.  3.  Ariovistus  Caesari 17  respondit : quid 
sibi  vellet  f 18  cur  in  suas  possessiones  venivet?  jus  esse 
belli,  ut,  qui  vicissent , iis,19  quos  vicissent , quemadmo- 
dum  vellent , imperdrent.  4.  Legationi  Ariovistus  respon- 
dit : si  quid  ipsi 20  a Caesare  opus  esset*1  sese  ad  eum 
venturum  fuisse;21  si  quid  ille  a se  veldt,  ilium  ad  se 
venire  22  oportere.  5.  Divlco  ita  cum  Caesare  egit : si 
pacem  popalus  Romanus  cum  Helvetiis/^;^,23  in  earn 


1 165. 

2 390. 

3 489. 

4 525. 
6 414. 
6 186. 


9 549,  4,  1). 

10  481,  I.  2, 

11  469,  II. 

12  545. 


13  582. 

“ 530,  I. 


17  384. 

1B  293. 

16  885. 

20  452,  5. 

21  533,  2. 

22  549,  2. 

23  533,  3. 


7 489,  494. 

8 419. 


36  85,  III.  1. 
10  297,  II.  1. 


SYNTAX  OF  VERBS. 


35 


partem  ituros 1 Helvetios,2  ubi  eos  Caesar  esse  voluisset  ; 3 
sin  belio  persequi 4 perseverdret,  reminisceretur  pristmae 
virtutis 5 Helvetiorum. 

Imperative — Tenses  and  Use. 

Rule  XLYIII. — Imperative . — 535. 

86.  1.  Sperne  voluptates.  2.  Consulate  vobis,8  Pa- 

tres7  conscript  i,  prospieite  patriae,  conservdte  vos,8  conju- 
ges,  liberos,  fortunasque  vestras  ; popiili  Romani  nomen 
salutemque  defendite . 3.  Vive  memor  leti ; 9 fugit  bora. 

4.  V aletudmem  tuam  cura  diligenter.  5.  Y irfcutes  excita , 
si  forte  dormiunt.  6.  Poemata  dulcia  sunto .10  7.  Im- 
pius  11  ne  12  audeto  13  placare  donisiram  deorum.  8.  Con- 
sules  militiae  summum  jus  habento , nemini  parento . 9. 

JVipZi  14  te  oblivisci 14  Ciceronem  esse.  10.  Cura  ut  quam 
primum  15  venias.16. 

Infinitive — Tenses  and  Use. 

Tenses  of  Infinitive . — 540-544. 

Rule  XLIX.* — Subject  of  Infinitive, — 545. 

Predicate  after  Infinitive, — 546,  547. 

Infinitive  as  Subject,— 549 . 

87.  1.  Virum  bonum  esse , semper  est  utile.17  2.  Om- 

nibus bonis  18  expedit,  salvam  esse  rem , publicam,  3.  A 
Deo  mundum  necesse 17  est  ra^’.  4.  Concedendum  est 19 


530,  I. ; 545,  3 ; 295. 

6 418. 

14  538,  2. 

545. 

9 899,  2,  2). 

K 305,  6. 

533,  4 

10  537,  II. 

19  535;  1,  1). 

552. 

" 441. 

17  438,  3. 

406,  II. 

12  538,  1. 

“ 441,  384, 

384. 

“ 272,  3. 

*“  301,  2. 

S69. 

30 


LATIN  READER. 


/ 


in  virtute  sola  posttam  esse  bedtam  vitam.  5.  Laelium 
doctum  fuisse  traditum  est.  6.  LectUavisse J Platonem 
studiose  Demosthenes  dicitur.'  7.  Non  esse 2 cupid  um 
pecunia*  est.  8.  Non  esse  emdeem  vectlgal  est.  9.  Con - 
tentum  suis  rebus4  esse  maximae  5 sunt  divitiae.  10.  Dl* 
ligere  parentes6  prima7  naturae  lex3  est.  11.  Lycurgi 
temporibus8  Ilomerus  fuisse  dicitur.  12.  Imperdre  sibi 
maximum  est  imperium.  13.  Parentes  suos  non  amdre 2 
impietas  est.  14.  Constat  ad  salutem  civium  inventaS 
esse  leges.  15.  Pecuniam  praeferre 9 amicitiae  10  sordidum 
est.  16.  Nihil  est  tarn  angusti  am  mi,"  quam  amdre  di- 
vitias.  17.  Ex  malis  eligere  minima  oportet. 

Infinitive  as  Object . — 550,  551. 

^ 88.  1.  Ferre  laborem  consuetudo  doeet.  2.  Vincere 

scis,  Hannibal,12  victoria  13  uti  neseis.  3.  Magister  tuus 
te  magna  mercede  14  nihil 16  sapere 16  docuit.  4.  Num 
sum  vel  Graeee  loqui , vel  Latlne  docendus?  5.  Non 
omnes  sciunt  referre  n beneficium.  6.  A Graecis  18  Galli 
urbes  moenibus19  cingere  didicerunt.  7.  Non  idilem  ar- 
bitror  esse  futurarum  rerum  scientiam.  8.  Concede  nihil 
esse  Jjonum , nisi  quod  honestum  sit.20  9.  Nonne  poetae 
post  mortem  nobilitdri  volunt  ? 10.  Syracusas  maximum 
esse  Graecdrum  urbium 31  omnium  audivistis.  11.  Socra- 
tes parens22  philosophiae  jure23  dici  potest.24  12.  Nun- 
quam  putavi/br<?,25  ut  supplex  ad  te  venlrem.26  13.  Cato 
~~ . esse  quam  videri  bonus22  inalebat.26 


! 549,  4,  1). 

“ 386,  1. 

12  414. 

5 545,  2,  2). 

11  401. 

22  531. 

2 362. 

12  369. 

21  396,  2,  3). 

4 419,  IV. 

13  419. 

22  547,  I. 

8 165. 

14  416 

23  414. 

* 371. 

16  371,  3. 

24  289. 

’ 166. 

16  374,  4. 

28  544. 

* 426. 

" 292,  2. 

26  293. 

* 292,  2. 

“425. 

37 


SYNTAX  OF  VERBS. 


Infinitive  in  Special  Constructions. — 553. 

89.  1.  Consilium  erat  continudre 1 bellum.  2.  Bene 

et  beate  vivere  est  honeste  et  recte  vivere.  3.  Postumio 
negotium  dabatur  videre ,2  ne  quid3  res  publica  detri- 
menti4  caperet.6  4.  Fuit  fama  Themistoclem  venenum 
sua  sponte6  sumpsisse.  5.  Me  non  cum  bonis  esse  ? 7 6. 

Time  hoc,  Atti,8  dieere , tali  prudentia9  praeditum  ? 7. 

Adeone  hominem  infelicem  esse  quemquam , ut  ego  sum  ! 

Subject  and  Object  Clauses. — 554-558. 

90.  Subject  Clauses. — 555,  556. — 1.  Quaeritur,  quid 
faciendum  sit.10  2.  Verum11  est  amicitiam  inter  bonos 
esse.  3.  Beliquum  est,  ut  certemus  12  officiis 13  inter  nos. 

4.  Accedit  quod 14  patrem 15  amo. 

91.  Object  Clauses. — 557,  558. — 1.  Non  dubito,  tu 
quid  responsurus  sis.10  2.  Rogavi  pervenissentne 16  Agri- 
gentum.  3.  Sentlmus  nivem  esse  albam ; dulce,  mel. 

4.  Democritus  dicit  innumerabiles  esse  mundos.  5.  Me- 
mini  gloriatum  esse  Hortensium,17  quod  nunquam  bello 18 
civlii  interfuisset.19 

Gerunds  and  Gerundives. — 559-566. 

92.  Genitive. — 563. — 1.  Sapientia  ars20  vivendi  pu~  *+ 
tanda  est.  2.  Caesar  loquendi  finem  facit.'|  3.  Mihi21 
diseendi , tibi  docendi  facultatem  otium  praebet.  4.  Le~ 
gendi  semper  occasio  est,  audiendi , non  semper.  5.  Epa- 


1 653,  I. 

8 45,  5,  2). 

15  447. 

2 653,  II. 

9 419,  III. 

16  526,  I. 

3 190,  1. 

10  525. 

17  545. 

* 396,  2,  3). 

11  438,  3. 

,e  386. 

3 492. 

13  495,  2. 

19  529. 

' 414,  2. 

13  414. 

M 362. 

7 653,  III. 

14  564,  IV. 

21  384,  II. 

38 


LATIN  READER. 


minondas  studiosus  erat  audiendi.1  6.  Maxime2  sum 
v cupidus  te3  audiendi . 7.  Demosthenes  Platonis  studio- 

- sus  audiendi  fait.  8.  Multi  propter  gloriae  cupid  itatem 

- cupidi  sunt  belldrum  gerendorum . 9.  Exereendae  memo- 

riae gratia,4  quid  quoque  die5  audierim,6  commemoro 
vespere. 

93.  Dative. — 564. — 1.  Crassus  disserendo 7 par  non 
erat.  2.  Solvendo 8 civitates  non  erant.  3.  Jfuma  sacer - 
dotibus9  creandis  animum  adjecit.  4.  Mons jpecbri  bonus 
alendo  erat.  5.  Consul  plaeandis  diis  dat  operam.  6. 
Sunt  nonnulli  acuendis  puerorum  ingeniis  non  inutil  es 
lusus. 

94.  Accusative.— 565. — 1.  Homo  ad  intelligendum 10 

et  ad  agendum  est  natus.  2.  Breve  tempus  aetatis  satis 
longum  est  ad  bene11  vivendum.  3.  .Bene  sentlre  recte- 
que  facere 12  satis  est  ad  bene  beateque  mvendum . 4. 

Pythagoras  Lacedaemona13  ad  cognoseendas  Lycurgi 
leges  contendit.  5.  Ubii  naviurn  magnam  copiam  ad 
tvcmsporlandum  exercitum  pollicebantur.  6.  Catillna, 
nobilissrmi  generis14  vir,  sed  ingenii  pravissmii,  ad  delen- 
dampatriam  conjuravit  cum  audacissimis  viris. 

95.  Ablative. — 566. — 1.  Nihil16  agendo 16  homines 

male  agere  17  discunt.  2.  Lycurgi  leges  laboribus  erudi- 
unt  juventutem,  venando , currendo , dlgendo , aestuando. 
3.  Omnis  loquendi  elegantia  augetur  legendis  oratorihus 13 
et  poetis.  4.  Virtutes  cernuntur  in  agendo . 5.  Multa1* 

de  bene  beateque  vivendo  a Platone  disputata  sunt. 


1 399,  2,  2). 

7 391,  1. 

13  379  ; 93, 1. 

3 305,  2 ; 1G5. 

8 384. 

“ 396,  IV. 

3 371. 

9 384,  II. 

16  371. 

3 414,  2. 

,0  433. 

16  414. 

8 426. 

“ 559. 

17  650. 

•525:  234. 

a 549. 

* 441,  1. 

SYNTAX  OF  YERBS. 


39 


S upine  . — 56  7-5  70 . 

Rule  L. — Supine  in  um. — 569. 

Supine  in  u. — 570. 

96.  1.  Lacedaemonii  Agesilaum  belldtum  miserunt  in 
Asiam.  2.  Tliemistocles  Argos  1 habitdtum  concessit. 
3.  Hannibal  patriam  2 defensum  revocatus  est.  4.  Vei- 
entes  pacem  petitum  oratores  Romam  mittunt.  5.  Quod 
optimum  3factu 4 videbitur,  facies.  6.  Quid  est  tarn  ju- 
cundum  cognitu  atque  auditu , quam  sapientibus  senten- 
tiis 5 ornata  oratio  ? 1.  Pleraque  dictu , quam  re 6 sunt 
faciliora.7 


Participles. — 5 71-581 . 

S7„  1.  Alexander  mov iens 8 annidum  dedit  Perdiccae. 
2.  Hippias  in  Marathonia  pugna  cecidit,  arm  a contra  pa- 
triam f evens .9  3.  Apelles  pinxit  Alexandrum  Magnum 

fulmen  tenentem  in  templo  Ephesiae  Dianae.  4.  Sol 
occidens 10  noctem  conficit.  5.  Terra  mutdta 11  non  mu* 
tat  mores.  6.  Dionysius  tyrannus,  Syracusis  12  expulsus, 
Corintlii 13  pueros  docebat.  7.  Hannibal  imperator 14 
f actus  omnes  gentes  Hispaniae  bello  subegit.  8.  Sacer- 
dos  vincta  in  custodiam  datur.  9.  Peg! bus  exactis , con- 
siiles  creati  sunt.  10.  Perditis  16  rebus  omnibus,  tamen 
ipsa  16  virtus  se  sustentare  17  potest.  11.  Atlienienses,  non 
exspectdto 18  auxilio,  in  proelium  egrediuntur.19  12.  Sperne 


379. 

371. 

165. 

570,  429. 
414. 

429. 

103,  2. 


8 578,  I, 

9 292. 

10  578,  II. 

11  580. 

12  425. 

13  421,  II. 


14  362,  3. 

15  578,  IV. 

16  452. 

17  552,  1. 

18  581. 

10  221. 


40 


LATIN  READER. 


/ 


voluptates  ; nocet  empta  dolore  1 voluptas.  13.  Dilapsi 
sunt  in  oppida  moenibus2  se  defensuri .3  14.  Pueris 
sententias  ediscendas 3 damus.  15.  Lentulus  attribuit 
urbem  mfiammandam  Cassio,4  totam  Italiam  vdstandam 
Catilinae. 


SYNTAX  OF  PARTICLES. 

Rule  LI. — Use  of  Adverbs . — 582-585. 

Conjunctions,  587,  588. 

98,  Adverbs. — 1.  Sapientis  6 animus  semper  vacat 
vitio,6  nunquam  turgescit;  nunquam  sapiens  irascitur. 
2.  Semper  in  proelio  iis  7 maximum  8 est  periculum  qui 9 
maxime  timent.  3.  TJt  secunda 10  moderate  tulimus,11  sic 
adversam  fortunam  fortiter  ferre  debemus. 

99,  Conjunctions. — 1.  Horae  cedunt  et  dies  et  menses 
ei  anni.  2.  Neque  pecuniae  neque  tecta  magnif  ica  12  ne- 
que  opes  13  neque  imperia  neque  voluptates  in  bonis  rebus 
numerandae  sunt.  3.  Atticus  neque  mendacium  dicebat 
neque  pati  poterat.  4.  Virtus  nee  eripi  nee  surripi  potest 
unquam ; neque  naufragio 14  neque  incendio  amittitur. 
5.  Aut  labores  aut  sumptus  suscipere  nolunt.15  6.  Est 
pliilosophi 16  habere  17  non  vagam,  sed  certain  sententiam. 
7.  Jus  sua  sponte  18  est  expetendum ; etenim  omnes  viri 
boni  jus  ipsum  amant. 


1 416. 

7 38 1. 

18  133,  1. 

*414. 

8 165. 

14  414,  4. 

s 518,  V. 

9 445. 

16  293. 

4 384,  II. 

10  441,  1. 

16  401. 

1 441. 

11  292. 

17  549. 

6 419,  III. 

“ 1C4. 

16  414,  2. 

PAR  T SEC  O ND. 


LATIN  SELECTIONS. 


FABLES. 

Note. — It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Fables  and  Anecdotes, 
special  attention  should  be  given  to  Gender  and  to  the  Formation  of  Cases , 
especially  of  the  Genitive  Singular  of  the  Third  Decleiision . — 44,  47,  55- 

90,  99-115,  118,  120. 


The  Kid  and  the  Wolf 

100.  Hoedus,  stans  1 in  tecto  domus,2  lnpo  3 praeter- 
eunti  maledixit.  Cui  Inpus,  u Non  tu ,”  inquit,4  “ sed 
tectum. , mihi  maledlcit .” 

Saepe  locus  & et  tempus  homines 6 timidos  audaces 7 
reddit.8. 

The  Oxen. 

101.  In  eodem  prato  pascebantur9  tres  10  boves11  in 
maxima  concordia,  et  sic  ab  omni  ferarum  incursione 12 
tuti  erant.  Sed  dissidio  13  inter  illos  orto,  singuli  a feris 14 
petiti  et  laniati  sunt.  • 

Fabiila  docet,  quantum  boni  sit 16  in  concordia. 


1 438,  1. 

3 61,  2. 

11  72,  6 ; 89,  III. ; 90,  2 

5 m,  1 ; 118,  1. 

’ 373,  3. 

13  100,  3. 

3 384. 

' 463,  I. 

13  431. 

4 297,  II.  2. 

9 468. 

14  414,  6. 

• 141. 

10  176. 

“ 026. 

42 


LATIN  KEADEK. 


The  Woman  and,  the  Sen. 


102.  Mulier  quaedam  habebat  galllnam,  quae  ei1 
quotidie  ovum  pariebat  aureum.  Hinc  suspicari 2 coepit,3 
illam  auri  massam  intus  celare,  efc  galllnam  occidit.  Sed 
nihil  in  ea  reperit,  nisi  quod  4 in  aliis  galllnis  reperlri 
solet.5  Itaque  dum  majoribus6  divitiis7  inhiabat,  etiam 
minores  perdidit. 


The  Peasant  and  the  Mouse . 


103.  Mus8  a rustico  deprehensus  tam  acri  morsu 
ejus  digitos  vulneravit,  ut  ille  eum  dimitteret,9  diceris : 
“ Nihil mehercule , tamjpusillum  est \ quod  de  salute 10  des- ' 
jperdre  debeat ,n  modo  se  defendere  velit .ia 


The  Fox  and  the  Grapes. 


104,  Yulpes  13  uvam  in  vite  conspicata  ad  illam  sub- 
siliit  omnium  virium 14  suarum  contentione,16  si  earn  forte 
attingere  posset.  Tandem  defatigata  inani  labore  disce- 
dens  dixit : “ At  nunc  etiam  aeerbae  sunt , nee  eas  in  via 
rejpertas 16  tolleremf  17 

Haec  fabula  docet,  multos  ea  eontemnere,  quae  se 
assequi  posse  desperent.18 


The  Wolf  and  the  Crane. 


105.  In  faucibus  hipi  os  inhaeserat.  Mercede 10  igitur 
conduoit  gruern,20  qui  illud  extrahat.11  Hoc  grus  longi- 
tudine 21  colli  facile  eff  ecit.  Quum  autem  mercedem 


1 384,  II.  8 73,  E.  1;  115,  1. 

2 221  ; 552.  9 489;  494. 

* 297;  460,  2.  10  73,  E.  2;  115,  2. 

4 445,  6.  11  500. 

• 272,  3.  12  505. 

6 165  ; 153.  13  36,  4;  109. 

' 386.  14  88,  3. 


15  414  ; 100,  3. 

16  578,  III. 

17  503  ; 503,  2. 

18  500,  2. 

10  416  ; 69,  1 ; 104, 1. 

20  73,  E.  4 ; 36,  2. 

21  61,  2 ; 100,  1. 


FABLES. 


43 


postularet,1  subrldens  lupus  et  dentibus2  infrendens, 
“ Num  tibi”  inquit,  “ parva  merces 3 videtur , quod  ca- 
put incolume  ex  lupifaucibus  extraxisti  ? ” 

The  Trumpeter . 

106.  Tubicen4  ab  liOstibus  captus,  uNeb  me”  inquit, 

“ interficite  ; nam  inermis  sum , neque 6 quidquam  Jia - 
beo  praeter  hanc  tubam”  At  hostes,  “ Propter  hoc 
ipsum”  inquiunt,  u te  interimemus , quod,  quum  ipse 
pugnandi 7 sis 8 imperitus , ad  pugnam  incitdre 

soles” 

Fabiila  docet,  non  solum  maleficos 9 esse  puniendos, 
sed  etiam  eos,  qui  alios  ad  male  faciendum  10  irrltent.11 

The  Husbandman  and  his  Sons . 

107.  Agricola  senex,  quum  mortem  12  sibi 13  appro- 
pinquare  sentlret,14  filios  convoeavit,  quos,15  ut  fieri 16  so- 
let,  interdum  discordare  noverat,17  et  fascem  virgularum 
afferri 18  jubet.  Quibus  allatis,  filios  hortatur,  ut  bunc 
fascem  frangerent.  Quod  19  quum  facere  non  possent, 
distribuit  singiilas  virgas,  iisque  celeriter  fractis,  docuit 
illos,  quam  firma  res20  esset21  concordia,  quamque  iinbe- 
cillis  discordia. 

The  Mice . 

108.  Mures  aliquando  habuerunt  consilium,  quo- 
modo  sibi 22  a fele  caverent.  Multis  aliis 23  propositis, 


1 518,  II. 

”441;  545. 

bo 

-T 

-T 

5 76;  110,  1. 

10  559,  565. 

18  292,  2 ; 551. 

2 362. 

11  500,  2. 

19  463. 

4 35,  I. ; 65. 

15  76,  110. 

50  362. 

6 538,  1. 

13  386. 

21  525. 

' 587,  I.  2. 

14  518,  II. 

22  385,  3. 

’ 663 ; 399. 

15  545. 

23  431. 

6 618,  I. 

10  294. 

LATIN  READER. 


44 

J 

omnibus  placuit,  ut  ei 1 tintinnabulum  anneeteretur  ; 2 sic 
enim  ipsos3  sonitu  admomtos  earn  fugere  posse.  Sed 
quum  jam  inter  mures  quaereretur,4  qui  fell  tintinnabu- 
lum anneeteret,5  nemo  repertus  est. 

Fabula  docet,  in  suadendo 6 plurimos 7 esse  audaces, 
sed  in  ipso  periculo  timidos. 

The  Enemies . 

109,  In  eadem  navi 8 vebebantur  duo/  qui  inter  se 
capitalia  odia  exercebant.  Unus 9 eorum  in  prora,  alter 10 
in  puppi11  residebat.  Orta  tempestate  ingenti,  quum 
omnes  de  vita  desperarent,  interrogat  is,  qui  in  puppi 
sedebat,  gubernatorem,  utram  10  partem  navis  prius  sub - 
mersum  iri  existimaret.  Cui  gubernator,  “ Proram ,” 
respondit.  Turn  ille,  “ Jam  mors  mihi  non  molesta  est , 
quum  inimici  mei  mortem  adspecturus  simp  12 

The  Tortoise  and  the  Eagle . 

110.  Testudo  aquilam  magnopere  orabat,  ut  sese 
Yoliire  doceret.13  Aquila  ei  ostendebat  quidem,  earn  14 
rem 15  petere  naturae 16  suae  eontrariam ; sed  ilia  niliilo 17 
minus  instabat,  et  obsecrabat  aquilam,  ut  se  volucrem 
facere  vellet.18  Itaque  ungulis  arreptam  aquila  sustulit 
in  sublime,  et  demlsit  illam,  ut  per  aerem  ferretur.13  Turn 
in  saxa  incidens  comminuta  interiit.19 

Haec  fabula  docet,  multos  cupiditatibus  suis  occaeea- 
tos  consilia  prudentiorum  respuere,  et  in  exitium  ruere 
stultitia 20  sua. 


1 386. 

8 87,  m.  1 ; 106. 

15  371. 

5 495,  2. 

* 176;  441. 

16  391. 

3 545. 

10  149. 

17  418. 

4 518,  II. 

u 87,  III. ; 85,  3. 

18  293. 

6 525. 

13  517. 

19  295,  3. 

6 566,  11. 

13  489. 

80  414,  2. 

’ 165 ; 441. 

14  545. 

FABLES. 


45 


The  Lion . 

111.  Societatem  junxerant 1 leo,  juvenca, capra,  ovis. 
Praeda  autem,  quam  ceperant,  in  quattuor  partes  aequa- 
les  divisa,2  leo,  “ Primafi  ait,3  “ meaest  / debetur  enim 
haec  praestantiae  meae . Tollam  et  secundum , 
meretur 4 rofctf* 5 meum.  Tertiam  vindicat  sibi 6 egregius 
labor  mens . Quartam  qui  sibi  arrogare  volueritj  is 8 

sciat,9  se  hdbiturum  me  inimicmn  sibi  ” 10  Quid  facerent 11 
imbecilles  bestiae,  aut  quae  sibi  leonem  infestum  habere 
vellet  ? 11 


ANECDOTES. 

Anaxagoras . 

112.  Anaxagoram  ferunt,12  nuntiata2  morte  filii, 
dixisse : “ Sciebam  me  genuisse  mortdlem  ” 13 

Thales. 

113.  Thales  interrogate,  quid  esset 14  Dens,  “ Quod 
in  quit,  “ initio 15  et  fine  caret” 

114.  Thales  interrogatus,  qiiid  esset  difficile,18  “ $e 
ipsum,”  inquit,  “ nosse  ” 17  Interrogatus,  quid  esset  facile : 
“ Alterumfi  in  quit,  “ admonere” 

115.  Thales  rogatus,  quid  maxime  commune  esset 
hominibus,18  “ Spes,”  respondit,  “ hanc  enim  et  Mi  ha- 
bent,  qui  aliud  nihil” 

116.  Quum  Thales  interrogaretur,19  quid  esset  om- 
nium vetustissimum,  respondit : “ Deus,  quod  nunquam 
esse  coepit .”20 


1 463,  II. 

8 451. 

16  419,  III. 

5 431,  2,  (1). 

“487. 

16  163,  2. 

3 297,  II. 

10  391. 

17  234,  2. 

4 221. 

11  485;  486,11. 

18  391. 

6 66,  6 ; 114. 

“ 292. 

" 618,  n. 

4 384,  II. ; 449,  1. 

13  357,  L 

* 297. 

’ 485. 

14  525. 

46 


LATIN  READER. 


7 

Socrates . 


117.  Socrates,  in  pompa  quum  magna  vis  anri  ar- 
gentlque  ferretur,1  “ Quam  multa  non  desidero ,”  inqnit. 

118.  Sapientissinius  Socrates  dicebat,2  scire  se3  nihil , 
jpraeter  hoc  ijpsum,  quod  nihil  sciret : 4 reliquos  hoc  etiam 
nescire . 


Scipio  Africanus . 


119,  Scipio  Africanus  nnnqnam  ad  negotia  publica 
accedebat,  antequam  in  templo  Jovis6  precatus  esset.6 

129.  Scipio  Africanus  Ennii  poetae  imaginem7  in 
sepulcro  gentis  Oorneliae  collocari  jussit,8  quod  Seipidnum 
res  gestas  carmimbus  suis  illustraverat.9 


Antigonus  and  the  Cynic . 


121.  Ab  Antigono  Cynicus  quidam  petiit 10 *  talentum. 
Eespondit,u^w12  esse,  quam  quod 13  Cynicus  jpetere  de- 
beret* Repulsus  petiit  denariurn.  Respondit  rex,  mi- 
nus™ esse  quam  quod 13  regem  deceret  dare.™ 

Cicero. 


122.  Cicero  Dolabellae 15  dicenti,  se  10  triginta  annos 
habere,17  “ Verum  est ,”  inquit,  “ nam  hoc  jam  ante 
viginti  annos  audivi” 

The  Lacedaemonians . 


123.  Lacedaemonii,  Philippo  minitante 18  per  litte- 
ras,  se  omnia  quae  conarentur 19  prohibiturum,20  quaesb 
verunt,  num  se  esset 21  etiam  mori  jprohibitur  us. 


1 518,  II. 

2 469,  II. 

8 545. 

4 531. 

6 66,  3. 

6 523,  n.  2. 

7 61,  2. 


6 471,  II. 

9 472. 

10  234. 

11  460,  2. 

12  165. 

18  371  ; 445,  6. 

14  549. 


16  384. 

16  545. 

17  551,  L 

18  431,  2,  (1). 

19  531. 

20  545,  3. 

21  525. 


ANECDOTES. 


47 


124.  Leonidas,  Lacedaemonionxm  rex,  quum  Xerxes 
scripsisset,1  “ Mitte  arma  ; ” respondit,  “ Veni  et  cape” 

125.  Quum  ad  Leonidam  qnidam  mill  turn  2 dixisset,1 
“ Hostes  sunt  prope  nos;”  u Et  nos”2  inquit,  “ prope 
illos” 

126.  E Lacedaemoniis 4 unus,  quuin  Perses  hostis  in 
colloquio  dixisset1  glorians,  “Solem6  prae  jaculorum 
multitudine 6 et  sagittarum  non  videbitis,”  “ In  umbra 
igitur”  inquit,  “ pugndbimus” 

127.  Lacedaemonius  quidam  quum  rideretur,1  quod 
claudus  in  pugnam  iret,7  “ At  mihi”  inquit,  u pugndre* 
non  fugere  est  propositum.” 


Solon. 


128.  Solon  quum  interrogaretur,1  cur  nullum  sup- 
plicium  constituisset 9 in  eum,  qui  parentem  necasset,10 
respondit,  se  id  neminem  facturum 11  putasse. 12 


Theophrastus,  the  Philosopher . 


129.  Theophrastus  ad  quendam,  qui  in  convivio 
prorsus  silebat ; “ Si  stultus  es”  inquit,  “ rem  facts  sapi - 
entem  / si  sapiens , stultam” 


Theocritus , the  Poet . 


130.  Miser  poeta  praelegerat  Theocrito  13  versus  suos. 
Turn  interrogabat,14  quosnam  maxime  approbaret,® 
“ Quos 16  omisisti”  respondit. 


1 518,  II. 

3 396,  m. 

8 367,  3. 

4 398,  4,  2). 


9 525;  481,  II. 
20  500,  2 ; 234. 


* 549. 


6 61,  2 ; 100,  1, 
7 520,  II. 


11  545,  3. 

12  234. 


13  386,  1. 

14  460,  2. 
16  445,  6. 


6 64;  112,  E, 


48 


LATIN  READER. 


Cornelia . 

131.  Cornelia,  Graccliorum  mater,  quum  Campana 
matron  a,  apud  illam  hospita,1  ornamenta  sua  pulcher- 
rima,s  ipsi  ostenderet,3  traxit  earn  sermone,4  donee  e 
scliola  redlrent 6 liberi.  Turn,  “ Et  haec ,”  inquit,  “ mea 
sunt  ornamenta .” 

Themistocles . 

132.  Memoriam  in  Tliemistocle  fuisse  singularem 
ferunt.  Itaque  quum  ei  Simonides  artem  memoriae  pol- 
liceretur,3  “ Oblivionis”  6 inquit,  “ mallem / 7 nam  me - 
mini  etiam , quae 8 nolo  • oblivisci  non  possum,  quae 
volo 

133.  Themistocles  quum  consuleretur,3  utrum  bono 
viro  pauperi,  an  minus  probato  diviti  filiam  collocaret,9 
“ Ego  vero”  inquit,  “ malo  virum , qui  pecunid  10  egeat ,1X 
quam pecuniam,  quae  viro” 

134.  Themistocles  interroganti,12  utrum  Achilles 13 
esse  mallet,14  an  Homerus,  respondit : “ Tu  vero  mal- 
lesne  16  te  in  Olymplco  certam/ine  victorem 16  renuntiari , 
an  praeco  13  esse,  qui  victorum  nom/ina  n procldmat” 

Diogenes , the  Cynic . 

135.  Diogenes  Cynicus  Myndum18  profectus,  quum 
videret 3 niagnif  icas  19  portas  et  urbem  exiguam,  Myn- 
jios  monuit,  ut  portas  clauderent,20  ne  urbs  egrederetur.20 


363. 

8 445,  6. 

18  346,  II.  1, 1) ; 485. 

163,  1. 

9 525 : 526,  II.  1. 

18  546. 

518,  II. 

10  419,  III. 

17  65;  113. 

414,  4. 

11  501,  I 

18  379. 

295,  3 ; 522,  II. 

12  575 ; 384. 

19  164. 

397,  1,  (3). 

13  547,  1. 

90  489. 

485,  486,  3. 

14  625. 

ANECDOTES. 


49 


Thrasybulus . 

135.  Quum  quidam  Thrasybulo,  qui  civitatem  Athe- 
niensium  a tyrannorura  dominatione  liberavit,  dixisset : 1 
“ Quanta vs  tibi  gratias  Athenae  debent ! ” ille  respondit : 
“ Diifaciant*  ut  quantas  ipse  patriae  debeo  gratias , tan- 
tas  ei  videar 3 retulisse A 


Xerxes, 

137.  Xerxes  refertus  donis 4 fortunae,  non  equitatu,6 
non  pedestribus  copiis,  non  navium  multitudine,  non  in- 
finito  pondere 6 anri  contentus,  praeminm  ei  proposuit, 
qui  invenisset 7 novam  voluptatem. 

Metellus  Pius. 

133.  Metellus  Pius,  in  Hispania  bellum  gerens8  in- 
terrogatus,  quid  postero  die 9 faeturus  esset  ? 10  “ Tunieam 
meant f inquit,  “ si  id11  elbqui  posset,  comburerem”  13 

Publius  Eutilius  Rufus. 

139.  Publius  Putilius  Rufus  quum  amici  cujusdam 

injustae  rogationi 13  resisteret,1  atque  is  per  suramam  14 
indignationem  dixisset,  “ Quid  ergo  mihi 15  opus  est  ami- 
citia  1&  tua,  si,  quod  16  rogo,  non  facis  ? ” “ Immo ,”  in- 

quit, u quid  mihi  tua , si  propter  te  aliquid  injuste 
faeturus  sum  f ” 

Philip. 

140.  Mulier  quaedam  a Philippo,  quum  a convivio 


518,  II. 

7 800,  2. 

12  510,  1. 

487. 

8 578,  I. 

18  385. 

492,  1 ; 549,  4. 

9 426. 

14  163,  3. 

419,  m. 

10  545. 

15  419,  3. 

419,  IY. 

11  371. 

K 445,  6. 

73,  1 ; 115. 

3 

50 


LATIN"  READER, 


/_ 


temulentus  recederet,1  damnata,  “ A Fkilippo”  inquit, 
“ temulento  ad  Philippum  sobrium  provoco 


Titus. 


141.  Titus  amor  et  deliciae  generis  humani  appella- 
tus  est.  Recordatus  quondam  super  coenam,  quod  nihil 
cuiquam  toto 2 die 3 praestitisset,4  memorabilern  illam 
meritoque  laudatam  vocem  edidit : “ Amici,  diem 
perdidi” 


Xenophon. 


142.  Xenophon,  quum  solemne  sacrum  faceret,1 
filium  apud  Mantineam  in  proelio  cecidisse 5 cognovit. 
Coronam  deposuit,  sed,  ut  audlvit  fortissime  pugnantem 
interiisse,6  coronam  capiti 7 reposuit,  nuimna  testatus,  se8 
majorem  ex  virtute  filii  voluptatem,  quam  ex  morte 
dolorem  sentlre. 


Diagoras , the  Rhodian , 


143.  Diagoras  Rhodius,  quum  tres  ejus  filii  in  ludis 
Olympicis  victores  renun  tiati  essent,1  tanto  affectus  est 
gaudio,9  ut  in  ipso  stadio,  inspectante  populo,10  in  filiorum 
manibus 11  ammam  redderet.12 


Euripides , the  Tragic  Poet. 


144,  Athenienses  quondam  ab  Euripide  postulabant, 
ut  ex  tragoedia  sententiam  quandam  tolleret.13  Ille 
autem  in  scenam  progressus  dixit,  se  fabulas  coinponere 
solere,14  ut  populum  doeeret,16  non  ut  a populo  disceret. 


1 518,  II. 

2 149. 

8 426. 


4 554,  IV. 

* 551,  I. 


8 295,  8. 

7 384,  II. 

8 545. 

9 414,  4. 

10  431  ; 431,  2,(1), 


ANECDOTES. 


51 


Tiberius , the  Roman  Emperor . 

145.  Tiberius  praesidibus  1 onerandas  tributo 2 pro- 
vinces 3 suadentibus 4 rescripsit : “ JBoni  pastoris 6 est, 
tondere*  peons,  non  deglubere 

146.  Tiberius,  Iliensium  legatis7  paulo  8 serius9de 
morte  filii  Drusi  consolantibus,  irrldens,  se  quoque , re- 
spondit,  vicem 10  edrum  dolor  e,  quodegregium  civem  Ilec- 
torem  11  amisissent .12  Effluxerant  autem  turn  plus  quam 
mille  13  anni  a morte  Hectoris. 

Simonides . 

147.  Quum  de  Simomde14  quaesivisset 16  tyrannus 
Hiero,  quid  esset 16  Deus ; deliberandi 17  sibi  unum  diem 
postulavit.  Quum  idem 18  ex  eo  postridie  quaereret,15 
biduum  petlvit.  Quum  saepius  duplicaret  numerum 
dierum,  admiransque  Hiero  requireret,  cur  ita  faceret 16 ; 
“ Quia  ,”  inquit,  u quanto  10  diutius  consider  o,  tanto  mihi 
res  videtur  obscurior 


1 70,  2 ; 384. 

8 418. 

14  374,  3,  4). 

5 419,  2,  1). 

9 444,  1 & 4. 

15  518,  II. 

3 545. 

10  133,  1;  371,  3,  1). 

16  525. 

4 577. 

11  363. 

17  563. 

1 401. 

12  531. 

18  371. 

' 549. 

7 431,  2,  (1). 

13  178. 

19  418. 

ROMAN  HISTORY. 


Notts. — It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Roman  History,  special 
attention  should  be  given  to  the  Synopsis  of  Conjugation  and  to  the  For- 
mation of  the  Parts  of  the  Verb . — 216-226;  240-242;  246-260. 

Period  I. — Italian  and  Roman  Kings. 

FROM  THE  EARLIEST  TIMES  TO  THE  BANISHMENT  OF  TARQUIN,  610  B.  C. 


Early  Italian  Kings. — Aeneas  in  Italy , 


148.  Antiquissimis 1 temponbus'2  Saturn  us  in  Italiam 
venisse  dicitur.3  Ibi  baud  procul  a Janieulo  arcenrcon- 
didit,  eamque  Saturniam4  appellavit.  Hie  Italos  primus 6 
agriculturam 6 docuit.7 

149.  Postea  Latlnus  in  illis  regionibus  imperavit. 
Sub  hoc  rege  Troja  in  Asia  eversa  est.  Hinc  Aeneas, 
Anchlsae  tilius,  cum  multis  Trojanis,  quibus8  ferrum 
Graecorum  pepercerat,9  aufugit,10  et  in  Italiam  perve- 
nit.19  Ibi  Latlnus  rex  ei11  benigne  recepto  filiam  Lavi- 
niam  in  matrimonium  dedit.9  Aeneas  urbem  condidit, 
quain  in  honorem  conjugis 12  Lavinium  appellavit. 

Ascanius  and  the  Kings  of  Alba. 

150.  Post  Aeneae  mortem  Ascanius,  Aeneae  filius, 
regnum  accepit.  Hie  sedem  regni  in  alium  locum 


6  442,  1. 

6 374. 

7 247,  II. 

8 385. 


9 254. 

10  253. 

11  384,  II. 

12  81,  2. 


ROMAN  HISTORY. 


53 


transtulit,1  urbemque  condidit  in  monte 2 Albano,  earn- 
que  Albam  Longam  nuncupavit.  Eum  secutus  est 3 
Silvius,  qui  post  Aeneae  mortem  a Lavinia  gemtus  erat. 
Ejus  posteri  omnes,  usque  ad  Eomam  eonditam,4  Albae 6 
regnaverunt. 

151.  Silvius  Procas,  rex  Albanorum,  duos  filios  rell- 
quit,6  Numitorem  et  Amulium.  Horum  minor7  natu,8 
Amulius,  fratri  optionem  dedit,  utrum  regnum  habere 
vellet,9  an  bona,10  quae  pater  reliquisset.11  Numitor  pa- 
tern  a bona  praetuiit ; 1 Amulius  regnum  obtinuit. 

Birth  of  Romulus  and  Remus . 

152.  Amulius,  ut  regnum  firmissime  possideret,19 
Numitoris  filium  per  insidias  interemit,13  et  filiam  fra- 
tris,  Eli  earn  Silviain,  Yestalem  virgmem  fecit.13  Nani 
his  Testae  sacerdotibus  non  licet  viro  14  nubere.  Sed 
haec  a Marte  gernmos  filios,  Eomulum  et  Remum,  pepe- 
rit.15  Hoc  quum  Amulius  comperisset,16  matrem  in 
vincula  conjecit,  pueros  autem  in  Tiberim 17  abjici 
jussit.18 

153.  Forte  Tiberis  aqua  ultra  ripam  se  effa derat,6 
et,  quum  pueri  in  vado  essent  positi,19  aqua  refluens20  eos 
in  sicco  rellquit.  Ad  eorum  vagltum  lupa  accurrit,21 
eosque  ubdribus  suis  aluit.  Quod22  videns  Faustulus 
quidam,  pastor  illlus  regionis,  pueros  sustiilit,1  et  uxori 

Accae  Lahrentiae  nutriendos23  dedit. 

d 


292,  2. 

9 525. 

17  85,  1. 

76;  110,  1. 

10  441,  1. 

18  259. 

282. 

11  527. 

19  518,  I. 

580.  v 

12  491. 

20  578,  II. 

421,  II. 

13  253,  1. 

21  251,  5. 

253,  2 

14  385,  2. 

22  453. 

165. 

15  254;  254,  2. 

23  578,  V. 

429 

“518,  II. 

54 


LATIN  READER. 


Rome  founded,  753  B.G. 


154.  Sic  Romulus  et  Remus  pueritiam  inter  pastores 
transegerunt.1  Quum  adolevissent,2  et  forte  comperis- 
sent,  quis  ipsorum  avus,  quae  mater  fuisset,3  Amulium 
interfecerunt,  et  Numitori  avo  regnum  restituerunt. 
Turn  urbem  condiderunt  in  monte  Aventlno,  quam  Ro- 
mulus a suo  nomine  Rom  am  vocavit.  Haec  quum  moe- 
nibus 4 circumdaretur,2  Remus  occlsus  est,  dum  fratrem 
irridens  moenia  transiliebat. 


Seizure  of  the  Saline  Women. 


155.  Romulus,  ut  civium  numerum  augeret,5  asylum 
patefecit,6  ad  quod  multi  ex  civitatibus  suis  pulsi  accur- 
rerunt.  Sed  novae  urbis  civibus7  conjuges  deerant. 
Itaque  festum  Neptuni  et  ludos  instituit.  Ad  hos  quum 
multi 8 ex  finitimis  populis  cum  mulieribus  et  liberis 
venissent,2  Romani  inter  ipsos  ludos  spectantes  9 virgines 
rapuerunt. 

156.  Populi  illi,  quorum  virgines  raptae  erant,  hel- 
ium adversus  raptores  susceperunt.  Quum  Romae 10  ap- 
propinquarent,2  forte  in  Tarpeiam  virginem  inciderunt, 
quae  in  arce  sacra  procurabat.  Hanc  rogabant,  ut  viam 
in  arcem  monstraret,11  elque  permiserunt,  ut  munus  sibi 
posceret.12  Ilia  petiit,  ut  sibi  darent,11  quod 13  in  einistris 
manibus14  gererent,15  annulos  aureos  et  armillas  signifi- 
cans.  At  liostes  in  arcem  ab  ea  perducti  scutis  Tarpeiam 
obruerunt ; nam  et  ea  in  sinistris  manibus  gerebant. 


1 253;  253,  1. 

2 518,  II. 


6 279. 


11  492,  2. 

12  254,  280. 

13  445,  6. 

14  118,  1. 

1&  527. 


3 525. 


4 131,  1 ; 414. 
6 269;  491. 


7 386,  2. 

8 441,  1. 
0 578,  I. 
10  386. 


ROMAN  HISTORY. 


55 


The  Sabines  are  received  into  the  City .: — Death  of  Romulus. 

157.  Turn  Romulus  cum  lioste,  qui  men  tern  Tarpe- 
ium  tenebat,  pugnam  conseruit  in  eo  loco,  ubi  nunc 
forum  Roman um  est.  In  media1  caede  raptae 2 processe- 
runt,  et  hinc  patres,  bine  conjuges  et  soceros  complecte- 
bantur,  et  rogabant,  ut  caedis  finem  facerent.3  Utrlque 
his  precibus  commoti  sunt.  Romulus  foedus  icit,  et  Sa- 
blnos  in  urbem  recepit. 

158.  Postea  civitatem  descripsit.4  Centum  senato- 
res  legit,6  eosque  quum  ob  aetatem,  turn  ob  reverentiam 
iis  debitam,  Patres  appellavit.  Plebem  in  triginta  curias 
distribuit,  easque  raptarum  nomimbus  nuncupavit.  An- 
no regni  trieesimo  septimo,  quum  exercitum  lustraret,6 
inter  tempestatem  ortam7  repente  oculis8  hominum  sub- 
ductus  est.  Hinc  alii9  eum  a senatoribus  interfectum, 
alii  ad  deos  subla  turn 10  esse  existimaverunt. 


Numa  Pompilius, 


159.  Post  Romuli  mortem  unlus  anni  interregnum 
fuit.  Quo  elapso,11  Numa  Pompilius  Curibus,12  urbe  in 
agro  Sabinoruin,  natus  rex  creatus  est.  Hie  vir  bellum 
quidem  nullum  gessit ; nec  minus  tamen  civitati 8 profuit. 
Nam  et  leges  dedit,  et  sacra  plurima  instituit,  ut  populi 
barbari  et  bellicosi  mores  molllret.13  Omnia  autem, 
quae  faciebat,  se  nymphae  Egeriae,  conjugis  suae,  mo- 
nitu  facere  dicebat.  Morbo  decessit,14  quadragesiino 
tertio  imperii  anno. 


1 441,  6. 

2 575. 


7 577. 

8 386. 

9 459. 

10  292,  2. 


6 518,  n. 


11  431,  2. 

M 421,  II. 

13  491. 

14  248,  I.  2,  4. 


8 492,  2. 

4 248,  I.  3. 
6 253. 


50 


LATEST  READER. 


Tullus  Hostilius . 

160.  Numae1  successit  Tullus  Hostilius,  cujus  avus 
se  in  belle  adversus  Sablnos  fortem  et  strenuum  virum 
praestiterat.2  Eex 3 creatus  bellum  Albanis  indixit,  id- 
que  trigemi norum,  Horatiorum  et  Curiatiorum,  certa- 
mme  finlvit.  Albam  propter  perfidiam  Metii  Sufietii 
diruit.  Quum  triginta  duobus  annis4  regnasset,5  fulmine 
ictus  cum  dome  sua  arsit.s 

Ancus  Marcius. 

161.  Post  hunc  Ancus  Marcius,  Eumae  ex  filia  ne- 
pos,  suscepit  imperium.  Hie  vir  aequitate  et  religidne 
avo  7 similis,  Latinos  bello  domuit,8  urbem  ampliavit,  et 
nova  ei 9 moenia  circumdedit.  Carcerem  primus 10  aedi- 
ficavit.  Ad  Tiberis  ostia  urbem  condidit,  Ostiamque 
vocavit.  Yicesimo  quarto  anno  imperii  morbo  obiit.11 

Lucius  Tarquinius  Priscus. 

162.  Deinde  regnum  Lucius  Tarquinius  Priscus  ae- 
cepit,  Demarati  filius,  qui  tyrannos  patriae  Qorinthi  fu- 
giens  in  Etruriam  venerat.  Ipse  Tarquinius,  qui  nomen 
ab  urbe  Tarquiniis  accepit,  aliquando  Eomam  12  profec- 
tus13  erat. 

163.  Quum  Eomae14  commoraretur,5  Anci  regis 
familiaritatem  consecutus  est,  qui  eum  filiorum  suorum 
tutorem  15  rellquit.  Sed  is  pupillis 1 regnum  intercepit. 
Senatoribus,  quos  Eomulus  creaverat,  centum  alios  ad- 


B86. 

6 269. 

11  295,  3. 

264,  2. 

7 391. 

12  379. 

362,  3. 

8 252. 

13  282. 

378,  1. 

9 384,  II.  1. 

14  421,  II. 

518,  II. 

,0  442,  1. 

“ 373. 

ROMAN  HISTORY. 


5? 


didit,  qui  minorum  gentifrm  sunt  appellati.  Plura  bella 
feliciter  gessit,  nee  paucos  agros,  hostibus1  ademptos, 
urbis  territorio  adjunxit.  Primus2  triumphaus  urbem 
intravit.  Cloacas  fecit;3  Capitolium  inchoavit.  Tri- 
cesmio  octavo  imperii  anno  per  Anci  filios,4  quibus 5 reg~ 
num  eripuerat,  occlsus  est w 


Servius  Tullius. 


154a  Post  hunc  Servius  Tullius  suscepit  imperium, 
genitus  ex  nobili  fernma,  captlva  tamen  et  famiila. 
Quum  adolevisset,6  rex  ei  filiam  in  matrimonium  dedit. 

165.  Quum  Priscus  Tarquinius  occlsus  esset,  Tana- 
quil  de  superiore  7 8 9 parte  domus  popiilum  allocuta  est, 
dicens : regem  grave  guidem , sed  non  letale  vulnus  ae- 
cepisse  • eum  peter e,  ut  popuius,  dum  convaluisset  * Ser- 
vio  Tullio  obedlreV  Sic  Servius  regnare  coepit,  sed 
bene  imperium  administravit.  Montes  tres  urbi 
adjunxit.10  Primus  omnium  censum  ordinavit.  Sub  eo 
Roma  habuit  octoginta  tria  millia  eivium  cum  bis,  qui 
in  agris  erant. 

166,  Hie  rex  interfectus  est  scelere  filiae  Tulliae  et 
Tarquinii  Superbi,  filii  ejus  regis,  cui 1 Servius  successe- 
rat.  Mam  ab  ipso  Tarquinio  interfectus  est.  Tullia  in 
forum  properavit,  et  priina  conjiigem  regem  salutavit. 
Quum  domum  11  redlret,  aurlgam  super  patris  corpus,  in 
via  jacens,12  carpentum  agere  jussit. 

Banishment  of  Tarquinius  Superbus , 510  B.  C. 

167 3 Tarquinius  Superbus  cognomen  moribus13  me- 
ruit. Bello 14  tamen  strenuus  plures  finitimorum  popu- 


1 386. 

2 442,  1. 
8 253,  1. 


6 518,  II. 

7 163,  3. 

8 533,  4. 

9 492,  2. 

10  248,  I.  1, 


58 


LATIN  READER. 


lorum  vicit.1  Templnm  Jo  vis  in  Capitolio  aedificavit* 
Postea,  dnm  Ardeam  oppugnabat,2  urbern  Latii,  impe- 
rium  perdidit. 

168.  Lucius  Brutus,  Collatmus,  alilque  nonnulli  in 
exitium  regis  conjurarunt,3  populoque  persuaserunt,4  ut 
ei  portas  urbis  clauderet.5  Exercitus  quoque,  qui  civita- 
tem  Ardeam  cum  rege  oppugnabat,  eum  rellquit.  Fugit 
itaque  cum  uxore  et  liberis  suis.  Ita  Romae  septem  re- 
ges  regnaverunt  annos  ducentos  quadraginta  quattuor. 


Period  II. — Roman  Struggles  and  Conquests. 

FROM  THE  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  THE  COMMONWEALTH  TO  THE  FIRST  PUNIC  WAR, 

264  B.  C. 

Consuls  at  Rome,  509  B.  C. — War  with  Tarquin . 

169.  Tarquinio  expulso,6  consules  coepere7  pro  uno 
rege  duo  creari,  ut,  si  unus  malus  esset,8  alter  eum  coer- 
ceret.9  Anniium  iis  imperium  tributum  est,  ne  per 
diuturnitatem  potestatis  insolentiores  redderentur.9  Fue- 
runt  igitur  anno  primo,  expulsis  regibus,  consules  Lucius 
Junius  Brutus,  acerrimus10  libertatis  vindex,  et  Tarqni- 
nius  Collatinus.  Sed  Collatino11  paulo  post  dignitas 
snblata  est.12  Placuerat  enim,  ne  quis  ex  Tarquiniorum 
familia  Romae  maneret.13  Ergo  cum  omni  patrimonio 
suo  ex  urbe  migravit,  et  in  ejus  locum  Valerius  Publi- 
cola  consul  factus  est.14 


1 253,  2. 

6 431,  2. 

11  386. 

5 468. 

7 235,  29'7. 

12  292,  2. 

3 234. 

8 509. 

13  492. 

4 252. 

3 491. 

“ 294. 

6 492,  2. 

10  163,  1. 

ROMAN  HISTORY. 


59 


170,  Commovit1  bellum  urbi  rex  Tarquinins.  In 
prima  pugna  Brutus  consul,  et  Aruns,  Tarquinii  filius, 
sese  invicem  occiderunt.  Romani  tamen  ex  ea  pugna 
victores  recesserunt.2  Brutum  Romanae  matronae,  quasi 
communem  patrem,  per  annum  luxerunt.1  Yalerius 
Publicola  Spurium  Lucretium,  collegam3  sibi4  fecit; 
quum  morbo  exstinctus  esset,5  Publicola  Horatium  Pul- 
villum  sibi  collegam  sumpsit.6  Ita  primus  annus  quin- 
que  consules  babuit. 

% 

War  with  Porsena,  508  B.  G 1 

171,  Secundo  quoque  anno  iterum  Tarquinins  bel- 
lum Romanis  intulit,7  Porsena,  rege  Etruscorum,  auxi- 
lium  ei  ferente.8  In  illo  bello  Horatius  Codes  solus 
pontem  ligneum  defendit,  et  bostes  cobibuit,  donee  pons9 
a tergo  ruptus  esset.10  Turn  se  cum  armis  in  Tiberim 11 
conjecit,  et  ad  suos  transnavit. 

172,  Dum  Porsena  urbem  obsidebat,  Quintus  Mu- 
cins Scaevola,  juvenis  fortis  anirni,  in  castra  bostium  se 
contulit  eo  consilio,32  ut  regem  occideret.13  At  ibi  scri- 
bam  regis  pro  ipso  rege  interfecit.  ^ Turn  a regiis*  satel- 
litibus  comprehensus  et  ad  regem  deductus,  quum 
Porsena  eum  ignibus  allatis 34  terreret,35  dextraxn  arae 
accensae  imposuit,  donee  fiammis  consumpta  esset.10 
Hoc  facinus  rex  miratus  juvenexn  dimlsit 16  incolumem/ 
Turn  bic,  quasi  beneficium  referens,  ait,17  trecentos  alios 
juvenes  in  eum  conjurasse .18  Hac  re  territus  Porsena 


252,  3. 

7 292,  2. 

18  492. 

248,  L 2. 

8 431,  2. 

14  580. 

373. 

8 110,  1. 

15  618,  II. 

384. 

111  622,  IT. 

” 248, 1.  2. 

518,  n. ; 273,  IT.  1. 

11  85,  1. 

17  297,  II. 

248,  I.  4. 

12  414,  2. 

18  234. 

60 


LATIN-  READER. 


pacem  cum  Romanis  fecit,  Tarquinius  autem  Tusculum* 
se  contulit,  iblque  privatus  consenuit.2 


Secession  to  the  Mons  Sacer , 494  B.  0. 


173.  Sexto  decimo  anno  post  reges  exactos,3  populus 
Romae  seditionem  fecit,  questus  quod  tributis  et  militia 
a senatu  exhauriretur.4  Magna  pars  plebis  urbem  rell- 
quit,  et  in  montem  trans  Anienem  5 amnem6  secessit. 
Turn  patres  turbati  Menenium  Agrippam  miserunt  ad 
plebein,  qui  earn  senatui  conciliaret.7  Hie  iis  inter  alia 
fabulam  narravit  de  ventre  et  membris  humani  corporis ; 
qua  populus  commotus  est,  ut  in  urbem  rediret.8  Turn 
primum  tribuni  plebis  creati  sunt,  qui  plebem  adversum 
nobilitatis  superbiam  defenderent.7 


Banishment  of  Gorioianus , 491  B.  G. 


174.  Undevieesnno  anno  post  exactos  reges,  Cains 
Marcius,  Coriolanus  dictus  ab  urbe  Yolscorum  Coriolis, 
quam  bello  ceperat,  plebi  invisus9  fieri  coepit.  Quare 
urbe  10  expulsus  ad  Yolscos,  acerrimos  Eomanorum  hos- 
tes,  contendit,  et  ab  iis  dux11  exercitus  factus  Romanos 
saepe  vicit.  Jam  usque  ad  quintum  milliarium  urbis 
accesserat,  nec  ullis  civium  suorum  legationibus  flecti 
poterat,  ut  patriae  12  parceret.8  Denique  Yetnria  mater 
et  Yolumnia  uxor  ex  urbe  ad  eura  venerunt;13  quarum 
fletu  et  precibus  commotus  est,  ut  exercitum  removeretJ 
Quo  facto 14  a Yolscis  ut  proditor  occlsus 9 esse  dieltur. 


2 281,  1. 1. 

3 5S0. 

4 520,  n. 

6 ei,  4. 


1 379. 


8 106,  1, 

7 500. 

8 494. 
547,  1. 

w 425. 


11  362,  3. 

22  385. 

13  403,  IT. 

14  431,  2,  (3). 


ROMAN  HISTORY. 


61 


The  Fabii  cut  off  at  the  Cremera , 477  B.  0. 


175.  Romani  quum  adversHm  Yeientes  bellum  ge- 
rerent,1  familia  Fabiorum  sola2  hoc  bellum  suscepit. 
Profeeti 3 sunt  trecenti  sex  nobilissimi  homines,  duce 4 
Fabio  consule.5  Quum  saepe  hostes  vicissent,1  apud 
Cremeram  fluvium  castra  posuerunt.  Ibi,  quum  Yeien- 
tes dolo 6 usi  eos  in  insidiaspellexissent,  in  proelio  exorto 7 
omnes  perierunt.  Unus  superfuit  ex  tanta  familia,  qui 
propter  aetatem  puerllem  duei  non  potuerat  ad  pngnam. 
Hie  genus  propagavit  ad  Quintum  Fabium  Maximum 
ilium,  qui  liannibalem  prudenti  cunctatione  debilitavit.- 


Borne  taken  by  the  Gauls , 390  B.  G. 


176.  Galli  Senones  ad  urbem  venerunt,  Romanos 
apud  flumen  Alliam  vicerunt,  et  urbem  etiam  oceupa- 
runt.  Jam  nihil  praeter  Capitolium  defendi  potuit.  Et 
jam  praesidium  fame  8 laborabat,  et  in  eo  erant,  ut  pa- 
eem  a Gallis  auro 9 emerent,10  quum  Camillus  cum  manu 
miiitum  superveniens  hostes  magno  proelio  superavit. 


Valor  of  Titus  Manlius  Torquatus , 361  B.  G, 


177.  Anno  trecentesimo  nonagesimo  tertio  post  ur- 
bem conditam  Galli  iterum  ad  urbem  accesserant,  et 
quarto  milliario  11  trans  Anienem  fluvium  consederant. 
Contra  eos  missus  est  Titus  Quinctius.  Ibi  Gallus  qui- 
dam  eximia  corporis  magnitudine  12  fortissimum  Romano- 
rum  ad  certamen  singulare  provocavit.  Titus  Manlius, 


1 518,  II. 

2 149. 

2 282. 

4 480,  431. 


5 363. 
e 419,1. 
7 577. 

’ 414,  2. 


11  422,  1,  2). 

12  428. 


9 416. 

10  494. 


62 


LATIN  READER. 


nobilissimus  juvenis,  provocationem  accepit,  Galium 
occldit,  euraque  torque 1 aureo  spoliavit,  quo  ornatus 
erat.  Hiuc  et  ipse  et  posteri  ejus  Torqxiati  appellati 
sunt.,  Galli  fugam  capessiverunt.2 


Beginning  of  Samnite  Wars , 343  B.  C. 

178.  Postea  Romani  bellum  gesserunt3  cum  Samnir 
tibus,  ad  quod  Lucius  Papirius  Cursor  cum  honore  dic- 
tator^ profectus  est.  Qui 4 quum  negotii  cujusdam  causa 
Eomam  redlret,6  praecepit  Quin  to  Fabio  Rulliano,  ma- 
gistro  equitum,  quern  apud  exercitum  reliquit,  ne  pug- 
nam  cum  hoste  committeret.6  Sed  ille  occasionem 
nactus 7 felicissime  dimicavit,  Samnites  delevit.  Ob 
banc  rem  a dictatore  capitis 8 damnatus  est.  At  ille  in 
urbem  confugit,9  et  ingenti  favore 10  militum  et  popiili 
liberatus  est ; in  Papirium  autem  tanta  exorta 11  est 
seditio,  ut  paene  ipse  interficeretur.12 


The  Roman  Army  is  made  to  pass  under  the  yoke,  321  B.  G.—  The 
Samnites  are  conquered , 290  B.  0. 

179,  Duobus  annis13  post  Titus  Veturius  et  Spurius 
Postumius  consules  bellum  adversum  Samnites  gerebant. 
Hi  a Pontio  Thelesino,  duce  hostium,  in  insidias  inducti 
sunt.  Nam  ad  Furciilas  Caudinas  Romanos  pellexit 14  in 
angustias,  unde  sese  expedlre  non  poterant.  Ibi  Pontius 
patrem  suuin  Herennium  rogavit,  quid  faciendum  19  pu- 
tilret.18  Ille  respondit,  out  omnes  oecidendos  esse , ut 


1 419,  2,  1). 

7 282. 

12  494. 

5 332,  I.  2). 

8 410,  2. 

00 

8 248,  I.  5. 

8 253. 

14  273,  I.  2. 

4 453. 

“‘414,  4. 

“ 545,  3. 

8 518,  II. 

11  286,  2. 

16  374,  4 ; 525. 

' 492,  2. 


ROMAN  HISTORY. 


63 


Iiomanorum  v ires  f ranger  entur, 1 aid  omnes  dimittendos , 
ut  beneficio  obligarentur.  Pontius  utrurnque 2 consilium 
improbavit,  omnesque  sub  jugum  misit.  Samnites 
denique  post  bellum  undequinquaginta  annorum  supe- 
rati  sunt. 


War  with  Pyrrhus , 281  B.  0. 


180.  Devictis  Samnitibus,3  Tarentlnis  bellum  indic- 
tum est,  quia  legatis  Romanorum  injuriam  fecissent.4 
Hi  Pyrrhum,  Eplri  regem,  contra  Romanos  auxilium 
poposcerunt.5  Is  mox  in  Italiam  venit,  tumque  primuin 
Romani  cum  transmarlno  hoste  pugnaverunt.  Missus 
est  contra  eum  consul  Publius  Yalerius  Laevlnus.  Hie, 
quum  exploratores  Pyrrlii  cepisset,6  jussit  eos  per  castra 
duci,  tumque  dimitti,  ut  renuntiarent 1 Pyrrho,  quaeeun- 
oue7  a Romanis  agerentur.8 

181.  Puglia  commissa,®  Pyrrhus  auxilio  elephantd- 
rum  vicit.  Nox  proelio  finem  dedit.  Laevlnus  tamen 
per  noctem  fugit.  Pyrrhus  Romanos  mille  octingentos 
cepit,  eosque  summo 9 honbre10  tractavit.  Quum  eos, 
qui  in  proelio  interfecti  erant,  omnes  adversis  vulneribus 
et  truci  vultu  etiam  mortuos  jacere  videret,6  tulisse  ad 
coelum  manus  dicitur  cum  hac  voce:  u Ego  cum  talibus 
viris 11  brevi  orbem 12  ter r drum  subigerem 11 

182.  Postea  Pyrrhus  Romam  perrexit ; omnia  ferro 
igneque  vastavit ; Campaniam  depopulatus  est,  atque  ad 
Praceneste13  venit,  milliario14  ab  urbe  octavo  decimo. 
Mox  terrbre  exercitus,16  qui  cum  consule  sequebatur,  in 
Campaniam  se  recepit.  Legati  ad  Pyrrhum  de  captlvis 


1 491. 

2 149,  4. 

8 431,  2,  (1). 

4 520,  II. 

5 254:  280. 


6 518,  II. 

7 445,  6. 

8 527. 


12  106,  2 

13  379,  1. 

14  422,  1. 

15  396,  IT. 


11  503,  2,  2);  510. 


9 163,  3. 

10  414,  3. 


LATIN  READER. 


64: 

redimendis1  missi2  honorifice  ab  eo  suscepti  sunt ; capti- 
ves sine  pretio  reddidit.  Unum  ex  legatis,  Fabricium, 
sic  admiratus  est,  ut  ei  quartam  partem  regni  sui  pro- 
mitteret,3  si  ad  se  translret;4  sed  aFabricio  contemptus6 
est. 

183,  Quum  jam  Pyrrlius  ingenti  Romanorum  admi- 
ratione  teneretur,6  legatum  misit  Cineam,  praestantissi- 
muin  virum,  qui  pacem  peteret7  ea  conditione,  ut 
Pyrrhus  earn  partem  Xtaliae,  quam  armis  occupaverat, 
retineret.8  Romani.  responderunt,  eum  cum  Romanis 
pacem  habere  non  posse,  nisi  ex  Italia  recessisset.9  Cineas 
quum  rediisset,  Pyrrho  eum  interroganti,  qualis  ipsi 
Roma  visa  esset, 10  respondit,  se  regum  patriam  vidisse.11 

184,  In  altero  proelio  Pyrrhus  vulneratus  est,  ele- 
phanti  interfecti,  viginti  millia  hostium  caesa  sunt, 
Pyrrhus  Tarentum  fugit.  Interjecto  anno,  Fabricius 
contra  earn  missus  est.  Ad  hunc  medicus  Pyrrhi  nocte 
venit  promittens,  se  Pyrrhum  veneno  occisurum,12  si 
inunus  sibi  daretur.4  Hunc  Fabricius  vinctum  reduci 
jussit  ad  dominum.  Tunc  rex  admiratus  ilium  dixisse 
fertur  : “ Hie  est  Fabricius , qui  diMeilius  ab  honestdtc , 
quam  sol  a cursu  suo  averii  potest . Paulo  post  Pyr- 
rhus, tertio  etiam  proelio  fusus,13  a Tarento  recessit. 


1 566,  II. ; 580. 

6 518,  II. 

10  525. 

2 577. 

7 500,  1. 

11  642,  1 

s 494. 

8 495,  3. 

12  545,  3. 

1 509. 

8 533,  4. 

1S  279. 

6 275,  1. 

ROMAN  HISTORY. 


65 


Period  III. — Roman  Triumphs. 

FROM  THE  FIRST  PUNIC  WAR  TO  THE  CONQUEST  OF  GREECE,  146  B.  C. 

First  Punic  War , 264  B.  0. 

185.  Anno  quadringentesimo  nonagesimo  post  urbem 
conditam  Roman  orum  exercitus  primum  in  Sieiliam  tra- 
jecerunt,1  regemque  Syracusarum  Hieronem,  Poenosque, 
qui  multas  civitates  in  ea  insula  occupaverant,  superave- 
runt.  Quinto  anno  hujus  belli,  quod  contra  Poenos 
gerebatur,  primum  Romani,  Caio  Duillio,  Cnaeo  Cor- 
nelio  Aslna  consubbus,2  mari 3 dimicaverunt.  Duillius 
Carthaginienses  vicit,4  triginta  naves  occupavit,  quattu- 
ordecim  mersit,5  septem  millia  hostium  cepit,  tria  millia 
occldit.  Nulla  victoria  Romanis  gratior  fuit. 

First  Punic  War . continued . — Invasion  of  Africa,  256  B.  C. 

186.  Paucis  annis  interjectis,  bellum  in  Africam 
est  translatum.  Hamilcar,  Cartbaginiensium  dux,  pug- 
na  navali  superatus  est;  nam,  perditis  sexaginta  quattuor 
navibus,  se  recepit ; Romani  viginti  duas  amiserunt. 
Quum  in  Africam  venissent,6  Poenos  in  plurlbus 7 proe- 
liis  vicerunt,  magnam  vim  8 honimum  ceperunt,  septua- 
ginta  quattuor  civitates  in  fidem  acceperunt.  Turn  victi 
Carthaginienses  pacem  a Romanis  petierunt.9  Quam  i0 
quum  Marcus  Atilius  Reguius,  Romanorum  dux,  dare 
nollet 11  nisi  durissimis  conditiombus,  Carthaginienses 
auxilimn  petierunt  a Lacedaemoniis.  Hi  Xanthippum 


1 461,  1 ; 260,  2,  1).  6 248,  I.  1,  foot-note.  9 252,  4;  234. 

3 431.  6 518,  II.  10  453. 

3 422,  1.  7 165,  1.  11  518. 

4 253,  2.  **85,  2. 


66 


LATIN  READER. 


miserunt,  qui  Romanum  exercitum  magno  proelio  vicit. 
Regulus  ipse  captus  et  in  vincula  conjectus  est. 

187.  Non  tamen  ublque  fortuna  Carthaginiensibus 
favit.1  Quum  aliquot  proeliis  victi  essent,2  Regulum  ro- 
gaverunt,  ut  Eomam  proficisceretur,3  et  pacem  captivo- 
rumque  permutationem  a Romanis  impetraret.  Ille 
quum  Eomam  venisset,  inductus  in  senatum  dixit, 
desiisse 4 Romdnum  esse  ex  ilia  die , qua 6 in  poiestdtem 
Poendrum  venisset*  Turn  Eomanis  suasit,7  ne  pacem 
cum  Carthaginiensibus  facerent : 8 illos  enim  tot  casibus 
fractos  spenp  nullam  nisi  in  face  habere  : 9 tanti™  non 
esse , ut  tot  millia  captivorum  propter  se  unum  et  paucos , 
qui  ex  Eomanis  capti  essent*  redderentur .“  Haec  sen- 
tentia  obtinuit.  Eegressus  igitur  in  Africam  crudelissi- 
mis  suppliers  exstinctus  est.12 

End  of  the  First  Punic  War , 241  B.  C. 

188,  Tandem,  Caio  Lutatio  Catiilo,  Aulo  Postumio 
consulibus,  anno  belli  Pumci  vicesimo  tertio  magnum 
proelium  navale  commissum  est  contra  Lilybaeum,  pro- 
montorium  Siciliae.  In  eo  proelio  septuaginta  tres 
Cartbaginiensium  naves  captae,  centum  viginti  quinque 
demersae,13  triginta  duo  millia  hostium  capta,  tredecim 
millia  occlsa  sunt.  Statim  Carthaginienses  pacem  peti- 
erunt,  eisque  pax  tributa  14  est.  vCaptivi  Romanorum, 
qui  tenebantur  a Cartbaginiensibus,  redditi  sunt.  Poeni 
Sicilia, 1E  Sardinia,  et  ceteris  insiilis,  quae  inter  Italian! 
Afrieamque  jacent,  decesserunt,  omnemque  Hispaniam, 
quae  citra  Iberum  est,  Romanis  permiserunt. 


J 270. 

6 531. 

11  495,  2. 

2 518,  II. 

7 269. 

12  275,  1. 

5 492,  2 ; 374,  4. 

8 492,  2. 

13  273,  III.  mergo. 

4 234. 

9 530,  1. 

. 14  273,  II. 

6 42G. 

10  402,  1. 

15  434,  1. 

ROMAN  HISTORY. 


67 


Siege  of  Saguntum. — The  Second  Punic  War , 218  B.  C. 

189.  Paulo1  post  Punicum  bellurn  renovatum  est 
per  Hannibalem,  Cartbaginiensium  ducern,  quern  pater2 
Hamilear  novem  annos 3 iiatum  aris4  admoverat,  ut 
odium  perenne  in  Romanos  juraret.5  Hie  annum  agens 
vicesimum  aetatis  Saguntum,  Hispaniae  ciyitatem,  Ro- 
manis6 amlcam,  oppugnare  aggressus  est.7  Huic  Romani 
per  legatos  denuntiaverunt,  ut  bello8  abstineret.9  Qui 
quum  legatos  admittere  nollet,10  Romani  Carthagmem 
miserunt,  ut  mandaretur5  Hannibali,  ne  bellurn  contra 
eoeios  populi  Romani  gereret.11  Dura  responsa  a Car- 
thaginiensibus  reddita.  Saguntinis  interea  fame  victis, 
Romani  Carthaginiensibus  bellurn  indixerunt. 

Hannibal  crosses  the  Alps,  218  B.  C. — Battles  of  the  Ticinus,  Tre - 

bia,  and  Lalce  Trasimenus . — Battle  of  Cannae,  216  B.  C. 

190,  Hannibal,  fratre  Ilasdrubale  in  Hispania  re- 
lieto,12  Pyrenaeum  et  Alpes  transiit.  Traditur  in  Italiam 
octoginta  millia  peditum,  et  viginti  millia  equitum,  sep- 
tem  et  triginta  elepbantos  abduxisse.  Interea  multi  Li- 
gures  et  Galli  Hannibali  se  conjunxerunt.  Primus13  ei 
occurrit  Publius  Cornelius  Scipio,  qui,  proelio  ad  TicT- 
num  commisso,  superatus  est,  et,  yulnere  accepto,12  in 
castra  rediit.  Turn  Sempronius  Gracclius  conflixit  ad 
Trebiam  amnem.  Is  quoque  yincitur.14  Multi  populi 
se  Hannibali  dediderunt.  Inde  in  Etruriam  progressus 
Flaminium  consulem  ad  Trasimenum  lacum  superat.14 


418. 

6 391. 

11  492. 

447. 

7 282,  gradior. 

12  431,  2,  (3). 

378. 

8 425,  2. 

13  442,  1. 

386. 

8 492,  2. 

14  407,  III. 

491. 

10  518. 

6S 


LATIN  READER. 


Ipse  Flaininius  interemptus,  Romanorum  viginti  quin- 
que  millia  caesa  sunt. 

191.  Quingentesimo  duodequadragesimo  anno  post 
urbem  conditam  Lucius  Aemilius  Paulus  et  Caius  Te- 
rentius  Yarro  contra  Hannibalem  mittuntur.  Quam- 
quarn  intellectum  erat,  Hannibalem  non  aliter  vinci 
posse  quam  mora,  Yarro  tamen,  morae1  impatiens,  apud 
vicum,  qui  Cannae  appellatur,  in  Apulia  pugnavit ; 
ambo  consules  victi,  Paulus  interemptus  est.  In  eil 
pugna  consulares  aut  praetorii  viginti,  senatores  triginta 
capti  aut  occisi ; 2 militum  quadraginta  millia,  eqmtum 
tria  millia  et  quingenti  perierunt.  In  his  tantis  malis 
nemo  tamen  pacis  mentionem  facere  dignatus  est. 
Servi,  quod3  nunquam  ante  factum,2  manumissi  et  mill- 
tes  facti  sunt. 

192.  Post  earn  pugnam  multae  Italiae  civitates, 
quae  Eomanis4  paruerant,  se  ad  Hannibalem  transtule- 
runt.5  Hannibal  Romanis  obtiilit,  ut  captlvos  redime- 
rent;6  responsumque  est  a senatu,  eos  cives  non  esse 
necessarios , qui  armdti  capi  potuissent.7  Hos  omnes 
ille  postea  variis  suppliciis  interfecit,  et  tres  rnodios  au- 
reorum  annulorum  Carthaginem  misit,  quos  manibus8 
equitum  Romanorum  et  senatorum  detraxerat.9  Interea 
in  Hispania  frater  Hannibalis,  Hasdrubal,  qui  ibi  reman- 
serat 10  cum  magno  exercitu,  a duobus  Scipionibus  vin- 
citur,11  perditcjue  in  pugna  triginta  quinque  millia 
hommum. 

193.  In  Sicilia  res  prospere  gesta  est.,a  Marcellus 
magnam  hujus  insulae  partem  cepit,  quam  Poeni  occu- 


1 399,  2. 

2 460,  3. 

8 445,  7. 

4 385. 


6 292,  2. 
6 492. 


9 248,  I.  1. 

10  269. 

11  467,  HI. 

12  248,  L 5 ; IT.  5. 


7 500,  2. 
* 386,  2. 


ROMAN  HISTORY. 


69 


paverant ; Syracusas,  nobilissimam  urbem,  expugnavit, 
et  ingentem  inde  praedam  Eomam  1 misit.  Laevlnus  in 
Macedonia  cum  Philippo  et  multis  Graeciae  popiilis 
amicitiam  fecit;  et  in  Siciliam  profectus2  Hannonem, 
Poenorum  ducem,  apud  Agrigentum  cepit ; quadraginta 
civitates  in  deditionem  accepit,  viginti  sex  expugnavit. 
Ita  omni  Sicilia  recepta,3  cum  ingenti  gloria  Eomam  re- 
gressus  est.^ 

194.  Interea  in  Hispaniam,  ubi  duo  Scipiones  ab 
Hasdrubale  interfecti  erant,  missus  est  Publius  Cornelius 
Scipio,  vir  Eotnanorum  omnium  fere  primus.4  Hie,  puer 
duodeviginti  annorum,  in  pugna  ad  Ticlnum,  patrem 
singulari  virtute  servavit.  Deinde  post  cladem  Cannen- 
sem  multos  nobilissimorum  juvenum  Italiam  deserere 
cupientium,5  auctoritate  sua  ab  hoc  consilio  deterruit. 
Yiginti  quattuor  annos  natus  in  Hispaniam  missus,  die,6 
qua  venit,  Carthaginem  Novam  cepit,  in  qua  omne 
aurum  et  argentum  et  belli  apparatum  Poeni  habebant, 
nobilissimos  quoque  obsides,7  quos  ab  Hispanis  accepe- 
rant.  Hos  obsides  parentibus  reddidit.  Quare  omnes  fere 
Hispaniae  civitates  ad  eurn  uno  ammo 8 transierunt. 

1S5.  Anno  quarto  decimo  postquam  in  Italiam  Han- 
nibal venerat,  Scipio  consul  creatus,  et  in  Africam  mis- 
sus est.  Ibi  contra  Hannbnem,  ducem  Carthaginiensium, 
prospere  pugnat,  totumque  ejus  exercitum  delet.9  Se- 
cundo  proelio  undecim  millia  hominum  occldit,  et  castra 
cepit  cum  quattuor  millibus  et  quingentis  militibus. 
Qua10  re  audita,3  ornnis  fere  Italia  Hannibalem  deserit. 
Ipse  a Carthaginiensibus  in  Africam  redlre  jubetur.  Ita 
Italia  liberata  est. 


379. 

6 677. 

6 414,  3. 

282. 

“426. 

9 266,  I. 

431,  2,  (3). 

’ 70,  2. 

19  453. 

166. 

70 


LATIN  READER, 


/ 


Battle  of  Zama,  202  B.  0. 

196.  Post  plures  pugnas  et  pacera  plus  semel  frustra 
tentatam,  pugna  ad  Zamam  committitur,  in  qua  peritis- 
simi  duces  copias  suas  ad  bellum  educebant.  Scipio 
victor  recedit ; Hannibal  cum  paucis  equitibus  evadit. 
Post  hoc  proelium  pax  cum  Carthaginiensfbus  facta  est. 
Scipio,  quum  Eomam  rediisset,1  ingen ti  gloria  triumpha- 
vit,  atque  Africanus  appellatus  est.  Sic  finem  accepit 
secundum  Punicum  bellum  post  annum  undevicesimum 
quam2  coeperat. 

War  with  Philip . — Cynoscephalae , 197  B . C. 

197.  Pinlto  Pumeo  bello,  secutum  est  Macedonicum 
contfa  Philippum  regem.  Superatus  est  rex  a Tito 

\ Quinctio  Flaminio  apud  Cynoscephalas,  paxque  ei  data 
est. 

War  with  Perseus. — Pydna , 168  B.  C. 

198.  Phiiippo,  rege  Macedoniae,  mortuo,  filius  ejus 
Perseus  rebellavit,  ingentibus  copiis  paratis.  Dux  Ro- 
manorum,  Publius  Licinius  consul,  contra  eum  mis- 
sus, gravi  proelio  a rege  victus  est.  Rex  tamen  pacem 
petebat.  Cui3  Romani  earn  praestare  noluerunt,  nisi 
his  conditiombus,  ut  se  et  suos  Romanis  dederet.4  Mox 
Aemilius  Paulus  consul  regem  ad  Pydnam  superavit,  et 
viginti  millia  peditum  ejus  occidit.  Equitatus  cum  rege 
fugit.  Urbes  Macedoniae  omnes,  quas  rex  tenuerat, 

, Romanis  se  dediderunt.  Ipse  Perseus  ab  amleis  desertus 
in  Pauli  potestatem  venit.  Hie,  multis  etiam  aliis  rebus 
gestis,6  cum  ingenti  pompa  Romam  rediit  in  navePersei, 
inusitatae  magnitudmis  ;6  nam  sedecim  remorum  ordines 

1 518,  II.  3 453.  * 431,  2,(3). 

3 427,  3.  4 495,  3.  6 396,  IV. 


ROMAN  HISTORY. 


71 


habuisse  dicitur,  Triumphavit  magnificentissime1  in 
curru  aureo,  duobus  liliis  utroque  latere2  adstantibus. 
Ante  currum  inter  captivos  duo  regis  filii  et  ipse  Perseus 
ducti  sunt. 


Third  Punic  War , 149  B.  O, 


199.  Tertium  deinde  bellum  contra  Cartbaginera 
susceptum  est,  Lucius  Marcius  Censorlnus  et  Manius 
Manlius  consules  in  Africam  trajecerunt,  et  oppugnave- 
runt  Carthaginem.  Multa  ibi  praeclare  gesta  sunt  per 
Scipionem,3  Scipionis  Africani  nepotem,  qui  tribunus* 
in  Africa  militabat. 

200.  Quum  jam  magnum  esset6  Scipionis  nomen, 
teriio  anno  postquam  Romani  in  Africam  trajecerant, 
consul  est  creatus,  et  contra  Carthaginem  missus.  Is 
hanc  urbem  acivibus  acerrime6  defensam7  cepitac  dim  it. 
Ingens  ibi  praeda  facta,  plurimaque  inventa  sunt,  quae 
multarum  civitatum  excidiis  Carthago  collegerat.  Haec 
omnia  Scipio  civitatibus  Italiae,  Siciliae,  Africae  reddi- 
dit, quae  sua  recognoscebant.  Ita  Carthago  septingente- 
simo  anno,  postquam  condita  erat,  deleta  est.  Scipio 
nomen  Africani  j unions 8 accepit. 


1 305;  164. 

2 422,  1. 

8 414,  5,  1). 


4 363. 

8 518,  II. 

• 305 ; 163,  1. 


7 578,  IY. 
8 168,  3. 


j 


72 


LATIN  READER. 


Period  TV. — Civil  Dissensions. 


FROM  THE  CONQUEST  OF  GREECE  TO  THE  DISSOLUTION  OF  THE  ROMAN  COMMON- 
WEALTH, 31  B.  C, 


Numantia  taken,  138  B.  G. 


201.  Deinde  bellum  exortum  est  cum  Numantinis, 
civitate  Hispaniae.  Yictus 1 2 ab  his  Quintus  Pompeius, 
et  post  eum  Caius  Hostilius  Manclnus  consul,  qui  pacem 
cum  iis  fecit  infamem,  quam  populus  et  senatus  jussit3 
infringi,  atque  ipsum  Manclnum  hostibus  tradi.  Turn 
Publius  Scipio  Africanus  in  Hispaniam  missus  est.  Is 
primum  militem  ignavum  et  corruptum  correxit ; 3 turn 
multas  Hispaniae  civitates  partim  bello  cepit,  partirn  in 
deditifmem  accepit.  Postremo  ipsam  Numantiam  fame 
ad  deditionem  coegit,  urbemque  evertit ; reliquam 4 pro- 
vinciam  in  fidem  accepit. 

Mithridatic  War . — First  Civil  War. — Marius , Sulla , 88  B.  C. 

202,  Anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  sexagesimo 
sexto  primum  Romae  bellum  civile  exortum  est ; eodem 
anno  etiam  Mithridatieum.  Causam  bello  civili  Caius 
Marius  dedit.  Nam  quum  Sullae  bellum  ad  versus  Mith- 
ridatem,  regem  Ponti,  decretum  esset,5  Marius  ei6  hunc 
lionorem  eripere  conatus  est.  Sed  Sulla,  qui  adhuc  cum 
legionlbus  suis  in  Italia  morabatur,7  cum  exercitu  Romam 
venit,  et  adversaries  quum8  interfecit,  turn  fugavit.  Turn 
rebus  Romae  utcunque  compositis,  in  Asiam  profectus 
est,  pluribusque  proeliis  Mithridatem  coegit,  ut  pacem  a 


1 480,  3. 

2 463,  3. 

3 260,  1,  1). 


4 441,  6. 
6 518,  II. 
6 386,  2. 


7 468. 

8 587,  I.  5. 


ROMAN  HISTORY. 


73 


Romanis  peteret,1  et  Asia,  quam  invaserat,  relicts,  regni 
sui  filiibiis2  eontentus  esset. 


Civil  War , continued . 


203.  Sed  dum  Sulla  in  Graecia  et  Asia  Mithridfitem 
vincit,3  Marius,  qui  fugatus  fuerat,  et  Cornelius  China, 
unus  ex  consulibus,4  bellum  in  Italia  repararunt,5  et  in- 
gressi  Eomam  nobilissimos  ex  senatu  et  consulares  viros 
interfecerunt ; multos  proscripserunt ; ipslus  Sullae  domo 
eversa,  illios  et  uxorem  ad  fugam  compulerunt.6  Uni- 
versus  reliquus  senatus  ex  urbe  fugiens  ad  Sullarn  in 
Graeciam  venit,  orans  ut  patriae  subvenlret.1  Sulla  in 
- Italiam  trajecit,  hostium  exercitus  vicit,7  mox  etiam 
urbem  ingressus  est,  quam  caede  8 et  sanguine  civium 
replevit.  Quattuor  millia  inermium,9  qui  se  dediderant, 
interfici  jussit ; duo  millia  equitum  et  senatorum  pro- 
scripsit.10  Turn  de  Mitbridate  triumphavit.  Duo  liaec 
bella  funestissima,  ‘Italicum,  quod  et  soeiale  dictum  est, 
et  civile,  ultra  centum  et  quinquaginta  millia  hommuin, 
viros  consulares  viginti  quattuor,  praetorios  septem,  aedi- 
litios  sexaginta,  senatcres  fere  ducentos  consumpserunt.11 


War  of  the  Gladiators . — Spartacus . 73  B.  C. 


204.  Anno  urbis  sexcentesimo  octogesimo  primo 
novum  in  Italia  bellum  commbtum 12  est.  Septuaginta 
enim  quattuor  gladiatbres,  ducibus13  Spartaco,  Crixo,  et 
Oenomao,  e ludo  gladiatorio,  qui  Capuae 14  erat,  efiuge- 
runt,  et  per  Italiam  vagantes  paene  non  levins  bellum, 


1 492,  2. 

2 419,  IY. 
8 467,  4. 

4 398,  4. 

6 234. 


6 280  ; 254,  5. 

7 253,  2. 

8 419,  2,  1). 

9 441. 

10  248,  I.  3. 


11  248,  I.  4. 

12  210. 


18  430,  431. 
14  421,  II. 


4 


74 


LATIH  EEADEE. 


0 

quam  Hannibal,  moverunt.1  Nam  contraxerunt*  exer- 
citum  fere  sexaginta  millium  armatorum,  multosque 
duces  et  duos  Romanos  consules  vicerunt,  Ipsi  victi 
sunt  in  Apulia  a Marco  Licinio  Crasso  proconsule,  et, 
post  multas  calamitates  Italiae,  tertio  anno 3 buic  bello 
finis  est  impositus. 

Pompey  puts  down  the  Pirates , 67  B.  C.—Is  appointed  successor  to 
Lucullus. — Death  of  Mithridates,  63  B.  0. 

205.  Per  ilia  tempora  piratae  omnia  maria  infesta- 
bant  ita,  ut  Romanis,4  toto  orbe 5 terrarum  victoribus, 
sola  navigatio  tuta  non  esset.6  Quare  id  bellum  Cnaeo 
Pompeio  decretuxn  est,  quod  intra  paucos  menses  incre- 
dibili  felicitate  et  celeritate  confecit.  Mox  eidelatum7 * 
bellum  contra  regem  Mithridatem  et  Tigran  em.  Quo 9 
suscepto,  Mithridatem  in  Armenia  Minore  nocturno 
proelio  vicit,  castra  diripuit,  et  quadraginta  millibus  ejus 
occlsis,  viginti  tantum  de  exercitu  suo  perdidit  et  duos 
eenturiones.  Mithridates  fugit*  cum  uxore  et  duobus 
comitibus,10  neque11  multo  post,  Phamacis  filii  sui  sedi- 
tidne  coactus,12  venenum  hausit.13  Hunc  vitae  finem 
habuit  Mithridates,  vir  ingentis  industriae  atque  consilii, 
Regnavit  annis14  sexaginta,  vixit  septuaginta  duobus: 
contra  Romanos  bellum  habuit  annis  quadraginta. 

Victories  of  Pompey  over  Tigranes : he  talces  Jerusalem , 63  B.  G. 

20 6a  Tigrani  deinde  Pompeins  bellum  intulit.  Ille 
se  ei  dedidit,  et  in  castra  Pompeii  venit,  ac  diadema 


1 270. 

2 273, 1. 

3 426. 

4 391. 


* 422,  1,  1). 


* 494.  11  587,  L 2. 

7 292,  2 ; 460,  3.  ‘ 12  279,  ago. 

* 453;  431,2,(3).  13  284,  II. 

9 279.  14  378,  1. 

10  70. 


ROMAN  HISTORY. 


75 


suum  in  ejus  manibus  collocavit,  quod  ei  Pompeius  re- 
posuit.  Parte  1 regni  eum  multavit  et  grandi  pecunia. 
Turn  alios  etiam  reges  et  populos  superavit.  Armeniara 
Minorem  Deiotaro,2  Galatiae  regi,  donavit,  quia  auxilium 
contra  Mithridatem  tulerat.  Seleuciam,  yiclnam  Antio- 
clnae3  civitatem,  libertate2  donavit,  quod  regem  Tigra- 
nem  non  recepisset.4  Inde  in  Judaeam  transgressus, 
Hierosolymam,  caput  gentis,  tertio  mense  cepit,  duode- 
cim  miilibus  Judaedrum  occlsis,  ceteris  in  fidem  receptis. 
His6  gestis  finem  antiquissimo  bello  imposuit.  Ante 
triumphantis  currum  ducti  sunt  filii  Mithridatis,  tilius 
Tigranis,  et  Aristobulus,  rex  Judaeorum.  Praelata  in- 
gens pecunia,  auri  atque  argenti  infinitum  pondus.  Hoc 
tempore  nullum  per  orbem  terrarum  grave  be  Hum  erat. 


Catiline's  Conspiracy , 63  B.  C. 


207.  Marco  Tullio  Cicerone6  oratore  et  Caio  Anto- 
nio eonsulibus,  anno  ab  urbe  condita 7 sexcentesimo  nona- 
gesimo  primo  Lucius  Sergius  Catillna,  nobilissimi  generis 
vir,  sed  ingenii  pravissimi,  ad  delendam8  patriam  conju- 
ravit  cum  quibusdam  Claris  quidem,  sed  audacibus  viris. 
A Cicerone  urbe 9 expulsus  est,  socii  ejus  deprebensi  et 
in  carcere  strangulati  sunt.  Ab  Antonio,  altero  consule, 
Catillna  ipse  proelio  victus  est  et  interfectus. 

Caesar  Consul , 59  B.  C. : in  Gaul , 58  B.  C. 

208.  Anno  nrbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  nonagesimo 
quinto  Caius  Julius  Caesar  cum  Lucio  Bibiilo  consul  est 
factus.  Quum  ei  Gallia  decreta  esset,10  semper  vincendo11 


1 425,  2,  2). 
* 384,  1. 

8 391. 

4 520,  II. 


6 414. 


0 425. 

10  518,  II. 

11  56(5,  I. 


6 430,  431. 


7 580. 

8 565,  1, 


76 


LATIN  READER. 


usque  ad  Ocean um  Britanmcum  processit.1  Donruit* 
autem  annis  novem  fere  omnem  Galliam,  quae  inter 
Alpes,  flutnen  Rhodanum,  Rhenum  et  Oceanum  est. 
Britannis  mox  bellum  intiilit,3  quibus4  ante  eum  ne 
nomen  quidem  Romanorum  cogmtum5  erat ; Germa- 
nos  quoque  trans  Rhenum  aggressus,  ingentibus  proeliis 
vicit. 

Civil  War  of  Pompey  and  Caesar , 49  B.  C. 

209.  Bellum  civile  successit,1  quo  Romani  nommis 
fortuna  mutata  est.  Caesar  enim  victor  e Gallia  rediens, 
absens  coepit  poscere  alterum  consulatum  ; quern 6 quum 
multi  sine  dubitatione  deterrent,7  contradictum  est  a 
Pompeio  et  aliis,  jussusque  est,  dimissis  exercitibus,  in 
urbem  redlre.  Propter  banc  injuriam  ab  Arimmo,  ubi 
milites  congregatos8  liabebat,  infesto  exercitu0  Romam 
contendit.  Consules  cum  Pompeio,  senatusque  omnis 
atque  universa  nobilitas  ex  urbe  fugit,10  et  in  Graeciam 
transmit ; et,  dum  senatus  bellum  contra  Caesarem  para- 
bat,  hie  vacuam  urbem  ingressus  dictatorem  se  fecit. 

Defeat  of  Pompey'' s party  in  Spain . — Battle  of  Pharsalia,  48  B.  C. 

— Death  of  Pompey. 

210.  Inde  Hispanias  petiit,11  iblque  Pompeii  legiones 
/mperavit ; turn  in  Graecia  adversum  Pompeium  ipsum 
dimica  vit.  Primo  proelio  victus  est  et  fugatus  ; evasit12 
tamen,  quia,  nocte  interveniente,  Pompeius  sequi  no- 
luit ; 13  dixitque  Caesar,  nec  Pompeium  scire  vincere,  et 
illo  tantum  die  se  potuisse  superari.  Deinde  in  Thes- 
salia  apud  Pharsalum  ingentibus  utrimque  copiis  14  com- 


248, 1.  2,4. 

6 453. 

262. 

7 518. 

292,  2. 

6 388, 

391. 

0 414, 

575. 

10  463, 

11  234. 

12  273,  III. 

1.  13  293. 

7.  14  414. 

I. 


ROMAN  HISTORY. 


missis  dimicaverunt.  Nunquam  adlrac  Eomanae  copiae 
majores  neque  melioribus  dueibus  1 eonvenerant.  Pug- 
natum  est 2 ingenti  contentione,3  victusque  ad  postremum 
Pom  perns,  et  castra  ejus  direpta  sunt.  Ipse  fugatus 
Alexandrlam  petiit,  ut  a rege  Aegypti,  cui  tutor 4 a se- 
natu  datus  fuerat,  acciperet 5 auxilia.  At  hie  fortunam 
magis  quam  amicitiam  secutus,6  occldit  Pompeium,  caput 
ejus  et  annulum  Caesari  misit.  Quo 7 conspecto,  Caesar 
■lacrimas  fudisse8  dicitur,  tanti  viri  intuens  caput,  et  ge- 
ne ri  quondam 9 sui. 

Caesar  assassinated  in  the  Senate-House , 44  B.  C. 

211*  Quum  ad  Alexandrlam  venisset  Caesar,  Ptole- 
maeus  ei  insidias  parare  voluit,  qua  de  causa  regi  bellum 
illatum 10  est.  Rex  victus  in  Nilo  periit,  inyentumque 
est  corpus  ejus  cum  lorlca  aurea.  Caesar,  Alexandria  11 
potltus,  regnum  Cleopatrae  dedit.12  Turn  inde  profec- 
tus6  Pompeianarum  partium  reliquias  est  persecutus, 
bellisque  13  civilibus  toto  terrarum  orbe 14  compositis,  Ro- 
mam  rediit.  Ubi  quum  insolentius 16  agere  coepisset,16 
conjuratum  est  in  eum  a sexaginta  vel  amplius  senatori- 
bus,  equitibusque  Romanis.  Praeeipui  fuerunt  inter 
conjuratos  17  Bruti  duo  ex  genere  illlus  Bruti,  qui,  regi- 
bus  expulsis,  primus  Romae  consul  fuerat.  Ergo  Caesar, 
quum  in  curiam  venisset,  viginti  tribus  vulneribus  con- 
fossus  est. 


414,  7. 

7 453  ; 431,  2,  (3). 

13  431,  2,  (3). 

301,  3. 

8 279. 

11  422,  1,  1). 

414,  3. 

9 583,2. 

15  444,  1 & 4. 

362. 

10  292,  2. 

16  297. 

491. 

11  419. 

17  575 ; 262,  2. 

282. 

12  264. 

T8 


LATIN  READ  EE. 


/ 


The  Second  Triumvirate , Octavius , Antony , and  Lepidus,  43  i?.  (7. — 


Death  of  Cicero . 


212,  Interfecto  Caesare,  anno  urbis  septingentesimo 
deeimo  bella  civilia  reparata  sunt.  Senatus  favebat 
Caesaris  percussoribus,1  Antonius  consul  a Caesaris  par- 
tibus  stabat.  Ergo  turbata  re  publica,  Antonius,  multis 
sceleribus  commissis,  a senatu  bostis2  judicatus  est. 
Fusus  fugatusque  Antonius,  amisso  exercitu,  confugit  ad 
Lepidum,  qui  Caesari 3 magister  equitum  fuerat,  et  turn 
grandes  copias  militum  habebat ; a quo  susceptus  est. 
Mox  Octavianus  cum  Antonio  pacem  fecit,  et  quasi  vin- 
dicaturus  patris  sui  mortem,  a quo  per  testamentum 
fuerat  adoptatus,  Eomam  cum  exercitu  profectus  extor- 
sit,4  ut  sibi,  juveni  yiginti  annorum,  consulatus  daretur.6 
Turn  junctus  cum  Antonio  et  Lepido  rem  publicam  ar- 
mis  tenere  coepit,  senatumque  proscripsit.  Per  hos  etiam 
Cicero  orator  occlsus  est,  multlque  alii  nobiles.6 


Battle  of  Philippi , 42  B.  C. 


213.  Interea  Brutus  et  Cassius,  interfectores  Cae- 
saris, ingens  bellum  moverunt.7  Profecti 8 contra  eos 
Caesar  Octavianus,  qui  postea  Augustus  est  appellatus, 
et  Marcus  Antonius,  apud  Pbilippos,  Macedoniae  urbem, 
contra  eos  pugnaverunt.9  Primo  proelio  victi  s-unt  An- 
tonius et  Caesar ; periit 10  tamen  dux  nobilitatis  Cassius  ; 
secundo  Brutum  et  infinltam  nobilitatem,  quae  cum  illis 
bellum  susceperat,  victam 11  interfecerunt.  Turn  vic- 
tores  rem  publicam  ita  inter  se  diviserunt,12  ut  Octavia- 


1 385. 

2 362. 

8 390,  2. 

* 2(59,  torqueo. 


13  273,  III. 


9 463,  II. 

10  295,  3. 

11  579. 


ROMAN  HISTORY. 


79 


hhs  Caesar  Hispanias,  Gallias,  Italiam  teneret  : 1 Anto- 
nius  Orientem,  Lepidus  African!  acciperet 


Battle  of  Actium,  31  B.  O. 


214.  Paulo2  post  Antonins,  repudiate  sorore  Cae- 
saris  Octaviani,  Cleopatram,  reglnam  Aegypti,  uxorem 
duxit.  Ab  hac  ineitatus  ingens  bellum  commovit,  dum 
Cleopatra  cupiditate  muliebri  optat  Komae  regnare. 
Yictus  est  ab  Augusto  navali  pugna  clara  et  illustri 
apud  Actium,  qui 3 locus  in  Eplro  est  Hinc  fugit  in 
Aegyptum,  et,  desperatis  rebus,  quum  omnes  ad  Augus- 
tum  transirent,4  se  ipse  interemit.5  Cleopatra  quoque 
aspidem  sibi  admlsit,  et  veneno  ejus  exstincta6  est.  Ita 
bellis  toto  orbe7  confectis,  Octavianus  Augustus  Eomam 
rediit  anno  duodecimo  postquam  consul  fuerat  Ex  eo 
inde  tempore  rem  publicam  per  quadraginta  et  quattuor 
annos  solus  obtinuit  Ante  enim  duodecim  annis 8 cum 
Antonio  et  Lepido  tenuerat.  Ita  ab  initio  principatus 
ejus  usque  ad  finem  quinquaginta  sex  anni  fuere. 


1 494. 

2 418. 

3 445,  8. 


4 518. 

6 279,  emo. 

* 278,  stinguo. 


7 422,  1,  1). 
* 378,  1. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY. 


Note. — It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Grecian  History,  special 
attention  should  be  given  to  Irregular , Defective,* and  Impersonal  Verbs.— 


287-301. 


Period  I. — Grecian  Triumphs. 

FROM  THE  PERSIAN  INVASION,  490  B.  C.,  TO  THE  PELOPONNESIAN  WAR,  431  B.  C. 

Darius  invades  Scythia:  prepares  to  invade  Greece . 

215.  Multis  in  Asia  feliciter  gestis,  Darius  Seythis 
bellum  intiilit,1  et  armatis  septingentis  millibus2  bomi- 
nnm  Scythiam  3 ingressus,  quum  liostes  ei  pugnae  potes- 
tatem  non  facerent,4  metuens,  ne,  interrupto  ponte  Istri, 
reditus  sibi  intercluderetur,9  amissis  octoginta  millibus 
liominum,  trepidus  refugit.  Inde  Macedoniam  domuit : 
et  quum  ex  Europe,  in  Asiam  rediisset,6  hortantibus 
amicis  ut  Graeciam  redigeret 7 in  suam  potestatem,  clas- 
sein  quingentarum  navium  compare  vit,  elque  Datim8 
praefecit  et  Artaphernen ; 9 hisque  ducenta  peditum 
millia,  et  decern  equitum  dedit. 


Battle  of  Marathon,  490  B.  G. 


216.  Praefecti  regii,  classe  ad  Euboeam  appulsa, 
celcriter  Eretriam  eeperunt.  Inde  ad  Attrcam  accesse- 
runt,  ac  suas  copias  in  Campum  Marathona  deduxerunt. 


1 292,  2. 

2 414,  7. 

3 371,  4. 


7 492,  2. 

8 85,  4. 

B 93,  3. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY. 


81 


Is  abest  ab  oppido  circiter  millia  passumn  decem.  Hoc 
in  tempore  nulla  civitas  Atheniensibus 1 auxilio  fuit, 
praeter  Plataeenses ; ea  mille2  misit  militum.  Itaque 
liorum  adventu  decem  millia  armatorum  completa  sunt : 
quae3  manus  mirabili  flagrabat  pugnandi  cupiditate. 
Athenienses  copias  ex  urbe  eduxerunt,  locoque 4 idoneo 
castra  fecerunt ; deinde  postero  die,  sub  montis  radicibus 
proelium  commiserunt.  \Datis  etsi  non  aequum  locum 
videbat  suis,  tamen,  fretus  numero6  copiarum  suarum, 
confligere  cupiebat.  Itaque  in  aciem  peditum  centum, 
equitum  decem  millia  produxit,  proeliumque  eommlsit. 
In  quo  tanto6  plus  virtute  valuerunt  Athenienses,  ut  de- 
cemplicem  numerum  hostium  profligarint ; 7 adeoque 
perterrnerunt,  ut  Persae  non  castra,  sed  naves  petierint. 
Qua  pugna  nihil  est  nobilius ; nulla  enim  unquam  tarn 
exigua  manus  tantas  opes  prostravit. 


Xerxes  invades  Greece , 480  B.  C. 


217.  Quum  Darius,  bellum  instauraturus,  in  ipso 
apparatu  decessisset,8  tilius  ejus  Xerxes  Eurcpam  0 cum 
tantis  copiis  invasit,  quantas  neque  antea  neque  postea 
habuit  quisquam  : hujus  enim  classis  mille  et  ducenta- 
rum  navium  10  longarum  fuit,  quam  duo  millia  oneraria- 
rum  sequebantur  f terrestres  autem  exercitus  septingen- 
torum  millium  peditum,  equitum  quadringentorum 
millium  fuerunt.  Cujus  11  de  adventu  quum  fama  in 
Graeciam  esset  perlata,  et  maxime  Athenienses  peti 
dicerentur,12  propter  pugnam  Marathoniam,  miserunt 
Delphos  consultum,13  quidnam  facerent 14  de  rebus  suis. 


1 390. 

2 178. 


6 418. 


7 234 ; 482,  2. 


11  453. 

12  549,  4. 

13  5G9. 

14  525. 


3 445,  8. 

4 422,  1,  2). 
6 419,  IV. 


8 518. 

9 371,4. 

10  401. 


4* 


82 


LATIN"  READER 


Deliberantibus  Pytliia  respondit,  ut  mo'enibus  ligneis 
se  munlrent.1  Id  responsum  quo  valeret,  quum  intelli- 
gent nemo?  Themistocles  persuasit,  consilium  esse  Apol- 
hnis,  ut  in  naves  se  suaque  eonferrent  :y  eum  enim  a deo 
significari  murum  ligneum.  Tali  consilio  probato,  ad- 
dunt  ad  superiores  totidem  naves  triremes  : suaque  om- 
nia, quae  moveri  poterant,  partim  Salamlna,3  partim 
Troezena,  deportant ; arcem  sacerdotibus  paucisque  ma- 
joribus  natu,4  ac  sacra  procuranda 6 tradunt ; reiiquum 
oppidum  relinquunt. 

Actions  at  Thermopylae  and  Artemisium , 480  B.  C. 

218.  Hujus  consilium  plerisque  civitatibus  displice- 
bat,  et  in  terra  dimicari6  magis  placebat.  Itaque  missi 
sunt  delecti 7 cum  Leonida,  Lacedaemoniorum  rege,  qui 
Thermopylas  occuparent,8  longiusque  barbaros  progredi 
non  paterentur.  Hi  vim9  hostium  non  sustinuerunt, 
eoque  loco  omnes  interierunt.10  At  elassis  communis 
Graeciae  trecentarum  navium,11  in  qua  ducentae  erant 
Atiiemensium,  primum  apud  Artemisium,  inter  Euboe- 
am  continentemque  terram,  cum  classiariis  regiis  con- 
flixit : 12  angustias  enim  Themistocles  quaerebat,  ne  mul- 
titudine  circumiretur.13  Hinc  etsi  pari  proelio  14  discesse- 
rant,  tamen  eodem  loco  non  sunt  ansi 15  manere,  quod 
erat  periculum,  ne,  si  pars  navium  adversariorum  Eu- 
boeam  superasset,16  ancipiti  premerentur 17  periculo.  Quo 
factum  est,  ut  ab  Artemisio  discederent,18  et  exadversum 
Athenas,  apud  Salamlna,  classem  suam  constituerent. 


1 492,  2. 

2 495,  3. 

3 93,  1. 

4 429. 

6 578,  V. 
6 549. 


10  295,  3. 

11  397,  2. 

“ 248,  I.  1 


7 575. 

3 500,  1. 


85,  2;  88,  3. 


13  491. 

14  414,  3. 

15  272,  3. 
10  509. 


17  492,  4. 
13  495,  2. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY. 


Battle  of  Salamis,  480  B.  C. 

219.  At  Xerxes,  Therm opylis  expugnatis,  protinus 
aecessit  astu,1  idque,  nullis  defendentibus,  interfectis 
sacerdotibus,  quos  in  arce  invenerat,  incendio  delevit. 
Ciijiis  fama  perterriti  classiarii  quum  manere  non  aude- 
rent,  et  plurimi2  hortarentur,  ut  domos  snas  quisque 
discederent,3  moenibusque  se  defenderent ; Themistocles 
rnuis  restitit,  et,  universos  pares  host! bus  esse  posse4  aie- 
bat,5  dispersos  testabatur  perituros,  idque  Eurybiadi,  regi 
Lacedaemoniorum,  qui  turn  summae6  imperii  praeerar, 
fore"  affirmabat.  a Quern  quum  minus,  quain  vellet,8  mo- 
veret,9  noctu  de  servis  suis,  quern  liabuit  fidelissimum,10 
ad  regem  misit,  ut  ei  nuntiaret  suis  verbis  ^adversaries 
ejus  in  fugd  esse , qui 11  si  discessissent ,12  may  ore  cum 
labor e,  et  longinquiore  tempore  helium  corfecturum.f 
quum  singulos  conseetdri  cogeretur ; quos  si  slatira  ag- 
grederetur , brew  universos  oppressurum . Hoc  eo  vale- 
bat,  ut  ingratiis  ad  depugnandum  omnes  cogerentur.14 
Ilac  re  audita,  barbarus,  nihil  doli  subesse  credens,  pos- 
tridie  alienissimo  sibi 15  loco,  contra  opportunissimo  hos- 
tibus,  adeo  angusto  mari 16  conflixit,  ut  ejus  multitudo 
li avium  explicari  non  potuerit.17  Yictus  ergo  est  magis 
consilio  Themistoclis,  quam  armis  Graeciae. 

Xerxes  flies  bach  into  Asia. 

220.  Hie  etsi  male  rem  gesserat,  tamen  tantas  habe- 
bat  reliquias  copiarum,  ut  etiamtum  his  18  opprimere 


128,1,3);  371,4. 

7 297,  III.  2. 

13  545,  3. 

165,  441. 

8 527. 

M 495. 

492,  2 ; 461,  3. 

9 518. 

19  391. 

289. 

10  453,  5. 

16  422,  1,  1). 

297,  II.  1. 

11  453. 

17  482,  2. 

386. 

12  509. 

* 414,  4. 

84 


LATIN  LEADER. 


/ 


posset  hostes.  Iterum  ab  eodem  g-radu  depulsus  est. 
Nam  Themistocles,  verens  ne  bellare  perse  veraret,1  cer- 
tiorari eum  fecit,  id  agi,2  ut  pons,3  quern  ille  in  Heiles- 
ponto  fecerat,  dissolveretur,1  ac  reditu  in  Asiam  exclu 
deretur.  Itaqne  in  Asiam  reversus  est,  seque  a Themis- 
tocle  non  superatum,5  sed  conservatum  judicavit.  Sic 
unius  viri  prudentia  Graecia  liberata  est. 


Battles  of  Plataea  and  My cale,  479  B.  C. 


221.  Postero  anno  quam  Xerxes  in  Asiam  refugerat, 
Graeci,  duce  Pausania,  Mardonium,  regis  generum,  apud 
Plataeas  fuderunt : 8 quo  pro'elio  ipse  dux  cecidit,’  Bar. 
barorumque  exercitus  interfectus  est.  Eodem  forte  die 
in  Asia,  ad  montem  Myealen,  Persae  a Graecis  navali 
proelio  superati  sunt.  Jamque  omnibus  pacatis,  Athe- 
nienses  belli  damna  reparare  coeperunt.8 


Period  II. — Civil  Wars  in  Greece. 


FROM  THE  PELOPONNESIAN  WAR  TO  THE  ACCESSION  OF  PHILIP  OF  MACEDON, 

360  B.  C. 


The  Peloponnesian  War , 481  B.  0. — Pericles. 


222.  Hoc  bellum,  quo9  nullum  aliud  florentes  Grae- 
eiae  res  gravius  afilixit,  saepe  susceptum  et  deposltum 
est.  Initio  Spartani  fines  Atticae  populabantur,  hostes- 
que  ad  proelium  provocabant.  Sed  Athenienses,  Periclis 
consilio,10  ultionis  tempus  exspectantes  intra  moenia  se 


1 492,  4. 

2 551,  3. 


3 76;  110,  1. 
4 495,  3, 


6 545,  3. 

6 279. 

7 280. 


8 297. 

9 417. 

10  414,  2. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY. 


85 


continebant.  Deinde,  paucis  diebus  interjectis,  naves 
oonscendunt,  et,  nihil  sentientibus  Lacedaemoniis,  totaui 
Laconiam  depraedantur.  Clara  quidem  liaee  Perielis 
expeditio  est  habita ; sed  multo  clarior  privati  patrimonii 
contemptus  fuit.  Nam  in  populatione  ceterorum  agro- 
rum, Perielis  agros  hostes  intactos  reliquerant,  ut  aut  in- 
vidiam ei  apud  cives  concitarent,1  aut  in  proditionis 
suspicionem  adducerent.  Quod  intelligens,  Pericles 
agros  rei  publicae  dono  dedit.  Post  haec  aliquot  diebus 
interjectis,  navali  proelio  dimicatum  est.2  Yieti  Lace- 
daemonii  fugerunt.  Post  plures3  annos,  fessi  malis,  pa- 
cem  in  annos  quinquaginta  fecere,  quatn  non  nisi  sex 
annos4  servaverunt. 


Expedition  of  the  Athenians  against  Sicily,  415  B.  0. 

223.  Bello  inter  Catinienses  et  Syracusanos  exorto,8 
Athenienses  Catiniensibus  opem  ferunt.6  Classis  ingens 
decernitur ; creantur  duces  Nicias,  Alcibiades  et  Lamar 
clius ; tantaeque  vires  in  Siciliam  effusae  sunt,  ut  iis 
ipsis  terrori7  essent,  quibus  auxilio  venerant.  Nicias  et 
Lamachus  duo  proelia  pedestria  secundo  Marte 8 pug- 
nant ; munitionibusque  urbi  Syracusarum9  circumdatis, 
incolas  etiam  marlnis  commeatibus 10  intercludunt.  Qui- 
bus rebus  fracti 11  Syracusani,  auxilium  a Lacedaemoniis 
petiverunt.12  Ab  liis  mittitur  Gylippus,  qui  auxiliis 
partim  in  Graecia,  partim  in  Sicilia  contractis,  oppor- 
tuna  bello  loca 13  occupat.  Duobus  deinde  proeliis  vic- 


1 491. 


6 292 ; 467,  III.  10  386,  1. 

7 390.  11  279. 

e 414,  3 ; 705,  II.  12  276,  III. 

B 396,  V.  13  141. 


a 301,  3. 

3 165,  1. 

4 378. 


§ 286,  2. 


86 


LATIN  HEADER. 


tus,  tertio  Iiostes  in  fugam  conjecit,  sociosque  obsidione1 
liberavit.  In  eo  proelio  Lamachus  fortiter  pugnans  oc- 
clsus  est. 

Successes  of  Alcibiades  against  the  Lacedaemonians. 

224.  Alcibiades  summa  cura2  classem  instruit,  atque 
in  belimn  adversus  Lacedaemonios  perrexit.  Ilac  expe- 
ditione  tanta  subito  rerum  commutatio  facta  est,3  ut  La- 
cedaemonii,  qui  paulo  ante  victores  viguerant,  perterriti 
pacern  peterent ; 4 victi  enim  erant  quinque  terrestribuS 
proeliis,  tribus  navalibus,  in  quibus  trecentas  triremes 
amiserant,  quae  captae  in  hostium  venerant  potestatem. 
Alcibiades  simul  cum  collegis  receperat  Ioniam,  Helles- 
pontum,  multas  praeterea  urbes  Graecas,  quae  in  ora, 
sitae  sunt  Asiae  : quarum  expugnaverant  quam  plurimas, 
in  his  Byzantium  ; neque  minus  multas  consilio  ad  ami- 
citiam  adjunxerant,  quod  in  captos  dementia 5 fuerant 
usi.  Inde  praeda6  onusti,  locupletato  exercitu,  maximis 
rebus  gestis,  Athenas  venerunt. 

Cyrus  favors  Lysander  and  the  Lacedaemonians , 407  B.  C. 

225.  Dum  haec  geruntur,  a Lacedaemoniis  Lysan- 
der classi  belloque  praeficitur  ; et  Darius,  rex  Persarum, 
filium  suum,  Cyrum,  Ioniae  Lydiaeque  praeposuit,  qui 
Lacedaemonios  auxiliis  opibusque  ad  spern  fortunae 
prioris7  erexit.  Aucti 8 igitur  yiribus  9 Alcibiadem  cum 
centum  navibus  in  Asiam  profectum,10  dum  agros  popu- 
latur,  repentino  adventu  oppressere.11  Magnae  et  in- 
opinatae  cladis  nuntius  quum  Athenas  venisset,  tanta 


1 425,  3. 

2 414,  3. 

* 294. 

4 494. 


6 419,  I. 

6 419,  III. 

7 166. 

8 269. 


9 429. 
J0  282. 
11  235. 


GRECIAK  HISTORY. 


sr 


Atheniensium  desperatio  fait,  at  statim  Cononem  in 
Alcibiadis  locum  mitterent,  ducis  se  fraude  magis  quam 
belli  fortuna  victos1  arbitrantes. 

Fatal  defeat  of  the  Athenians  at  Aegospotamos , 405  B.  O. 

225.  Itaque  Conon  classem  maxima  industria  ador- 
nat ; sed  navlbus2  exercitas  deerat.  Nam,  at  nameras 
militum  expleretur,  senes  et  pueri  arma  capere  coacti 
sunt.  Pluribus  itaqae  proeliis  adverso  Marte  pugnatis, 
tandem  Lysander,  Spartanorum  dux,  Atheniensium  ex- 
ercitum,  qui,  navibus  relictis,  in  terrain  praedatum 3 exi- 
erat,4  ad  Aegos  flu  men  oppressit,  eoque  impetu  totum 
bellum  finlvit.  Hae  enim  clade  res  Atheniensium  peni- 
tus  inclinata  est. 

Athens  surrenders  to  Lysander , 404  B.  C. — The  Thirty  Tyrants . 

227.  Lysander  Athenas  navigavit,  miseramque  civi- 
tiltem,  obsidione  circumdatam,  fame 6 urget.  Atlienienses, 
multis  fame  et  ferro  amissis,  pacem  petivere.  Quum 
nonnulli  nomen  Atheniensium  delendum,1  urbemque 
incendio  consumendam  censerent,6  Spartani  negarunt, 
se  passuros,  ut  ex  duobus  Graeciae  ociilis  alter  erueretur  ;7 
pacemque  Atheniensibus  sunt  polliciti,  si  longi  muri  bra- 
chia  dejicerent,8  navesque  traderent ; denique  si  res  puh- 
lica  triginta  rectores,  ex  civibus  deligendos,  acciperet. 
His  legibus  acceptis,  tota  civitas  subito  mutari  coepit. 
Triginta  rectores  rei  publicae  constituuntur,  Lacedaemo- 
niis9  et  Lysandro  dediti,  qui  brevi  tyrannidem  in  cives 
exereere  coeperunt. 


1 545,  3. 

2 386,  2. 

3 560. 


4 295,  3. 

6 414,  4. 
6 518,  II. 


7 495,  1, 
s 509. 

9 384. 


88 


LATIN"  READER. 


Thrasybulus  occupies  PJiyle , 404  B C. 


228.  Qimm  triginta  tyranni,  praepositi  a Lacedae- 
moniis,  servitute  oppressas  tenerent  Atlienas,  Thrasy- 
biilus  Phylen  1 confugit,  quod2  est  castellura  in  Attica 
munitisshnum,  quum  non  plus  secum  haberet,3  quam 
triginta  de  suis.  Hinc,  viribus  paulatim  auctis,  in  Pirae- 
um  transiit,4  Munychiamque  muniyit.  Hanc  bis  tyranni 
oppugnare  sunt  adorti,  ab  eaque  turpiter  repulsi  protin  us 
in  urbein,  armis  impedimentisque  amissis,  refugerunt. 
In  secundo  proelio  cecidit6  Critias,  triginta  tyrannorum 
acerrimus.6 

Epaminondas. — Battle  of  Leuctra,  371  B.  C : of  Mantinea,  362  B.  0. 

22 9.  Epaminondas,  dux  Thebanus,  apud  Leuctra 
superavit  Lacedaemonios.  Idem  imperator  apud  Man- 
tineam  graviter  vulneratus  concidit.7 8  Hujus  casu  ali- 
quantum®  retardati  sunt  Boeotii,  neque  tamen  prius 
pugna9  excesserunt,  quam10  hostes  profligarunt.11  At 
Epaminondas  quum  animadverteret,  mortiferum  se  vul- 
n us  accepisse,  simulque,  si  ferrum,  quod  ex  hastlli 12  in 
corpore  remanserat,  extraxisset,13  anmiam  statim  emissu- 
rum,  usque  eo  retinuit,  quoad  renuntiatum  est,  vicisse  14 
Boeotios.  Id  postquam  audlvit,  “ Satis”  inquit,  u vixi  ; 
invictus  enim  morior  ” Turn,  ferro  extracto,  confestim 
exanimatus  est. 


1 43,  379. 

2 445,  4. 

8 518,  II. 
4 295,  3. 

6 280. 


6 163,  1. 

7 254,  5. 

8 335,  4. 

9 434,  1. 

10  523,  2,  2). 


11  234. 

12  87,  II.  1. 

13  533,  3. 

14  549. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY. 


89 


Period  III. — Graeco-Macedonian  Empire. 

FROM  THE  ACCESSION  QF  PHILIP  TO  THE  DEATH  OF  ALEXANDER,  323  B.  C. 

Decline  of  the  Grecian  States. — Rise  of  the  Macedonian  Power. 

230.  Post  Leuctricam  pugnam  Lacedaemonii  se 
nunquam  refecerunt ; et  Thebae,  quod/  quamdiu  Epa- 
minondas  praefuit  rei  publicae2  caput  fuit  totius  Grae- 
ciae,  post  ejus  interituin  perpetuo  aiieno  paruerunt  im- 
perio.  Athenienses,  non  ut  olim  in  classem  et  exercitum, 
sed  in  dies  festos  apparatusque  ludorum  reditus  publicos 
effundebant,  frequentiusque  in  theatris  quam  in  castris 
versabantur.  Quibus  rebus  effectum  est,  ut  obscurum 
antea  Macedonum  nomen  emergeret ; 3 et  Philippus,  obses 
triennio4  Thebis  habitus  in  Epaminondae  domo,  hujua 
praestantissimi  viri  et  Pelopidae  virtutibus  erudltus^ 
Graeciae  servitutis  jugum  imponeret. 


Extension  of  Philip's  power. 


231.  Philippus,  quum  magnam  gloriam  apud  omnes 
nationes  adeptus  esset/  Olynthios  aggreditur.  Hanc  ur- 
bem  antlquam  et  nobilem  exscindit,  etpraeda6  ingenti 
fruitur.  Inde  auraria  in  Thessalia,  argenti  metalla  in 
Thracia  occupat.  His  ita  gestis,  forte  evenit,  ut  eurn 
fratres  duo,  reges  Thraciae,  disceptationum  suarum  judi- 
cem 7 eligerent.3  Sed  Philippus  ad  judicium,  velut  ad 
helium,  instructo  exercitu8  supervenit,  et  regno9  utrum- 
que  spoliavit. 


1 445,  4. 

2 386. 


4 378,  1. 
• 282. 


7 373. 

8 414,  7. 
0 419,  2. 


3 495,  2. 


c 419,  I. 


90 


LATEST  READER. 


Battle  of  Ghceronea , 388  Z>.  C . 


232.  Quum,  in  Scythiam  praedandi1  causa  profec- 
tus,2  Scythas  dolo  vicisset,  diu  dissimulatum  bellum 
Atheniensibus  infert,3  quorum  causae  Thebani  se  junxe- 
runt.  Proelio  ad  Cliaeroneam  commisso,  quum  Atheni- 
enses  longe  majore  militum  numero  praestarent,4  tamen 
assiduis  bellis 5 indurata  Macedonum  virtute  vincuntur. 
Non  tamen  immemores  pristinae  virtutis6  ceciderunt; 
quippe  adversis  vulneribus7  omnes  loca,  quae  tuenda8  a 
duci  bus  aceeperant,  morientes  corporibus  texerunt.  Hie 
dies  universae  Graeciae  et 9 gloriam  dominationis  et  ve- 
tustissimam  libertatem  finivit. 


Philip  prepares  to  invade  Persia. 


233.  Hujus  victoriae  callide  dissimulata  laetitia  est. 
Non  sobta  10  sacra  Pliilippus  ilia  die  fecit ; non  in  convi- 
vio  risit ; 11  non  coronas  aut  unguenta  sumpsit ; et,  quan- 
tum in  illo  fuit,  ita  vicit,  ut  victorem  nemo  sentlret.12 
Atheniensibus  et  captivos  gratis  remisit,  et  bello  con- 
sumptorum 10  corpora  sepulturae  reddidit.  Compositis  in 
Graecia  rebus,  omnium  civitatum  legatos  ad  formandum 
rerum  praesentium  statum 13  evocari  Corinthum 14  jubet. 
Ibi  pacis  leges  universae  Graeciae  pro  mentis  singularum 
civitatum  statuit,  conciliumque  omnium,  veluti  unum 
senatum,16  ex  omnibus  legit.  Auxiliadeinde  singularum 
civitatum  describuntur ; nec  dubium  erat,  eum  Persa- 
rum  imperium  et  suis  et  Graeciae  viribus  impugnaturum 
esse. 


1 563. 

2 282. 

3 292,  2. 

4 518,  I. 

5 4 14,  4. 


6 399,  2,  2). 

7 428. 

8 578,  V. 

8 587,  I.  5. 

10  575. 


11  269. 

J2  494. 

13  565,  1 

14  379. 

16  363. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY. 


91 


Death  of  Philip,  336  B.  C. 


234.  Interea  dum  auxilia  e Graecia  coeunt,1  miptias 
Cleopatrae  filiae,  et  Alexandri,  quern  regem  Eplri  fece- 
rat.  magno  apparatu 2 celebrat.  Ubi  quum  Pliilippus 
ad  ludos  spectandos,  medius  inter  duos  Alexandros, 
iilium  et  generum,  contenderet,3  Pausanias,  nobilis  ex 
Macedonibus  adolescens,  occupatis  angustiis,  Philippum 
in  transitu  obtruncat.  Hie  ab  Attalo  indlgno  inodo 
tractatus,  quum  saepe  querelam  ad  Philippum  frustra 
detulisset,4  et  lionoratum  insiiper  adversarium  videret, 
iram  in  ipsum  Philippum  vertit,  ultionemque,  quam  ab 
adversario  non  poterat,  ab  inlquo  judiee  exegit. 

Alexander  the  Great  succeeds  to  the  Macedonian  Throne , 336  B.G . 

235,  Philippo 5 Alexander  filius  successit,  et  virtute6 
et  vitiis  patre  major.  Yincendi  ratio  utrlque7  diversa. 
Hie8  aperta  vi,  ille  artibus  bella  tractabat.  Deceptis9 
ille  gaudere 10  liostibus,11  hie  palam  fusis.  Prudentior 
ille  consilio,  hie  animo  magnificentior.12  Iram  pater  dis- 
siinulare,  plerumque  etiam  vincere ; hie  ubi  exarsisset,13 
nee  dilatio  ultibnis,  nee  modus  erat.  Yini 14  uterque 
nimis  avidus ; sed  ebrietatis  diversa  ratio.  Pater  de  con- 
vivio  in  hostem  procurrere,  manum  conserere,  perieulis 
se  temere  offerre  ; Alexander  non  in  hostem,  sed  in  suos 
saevire.  Regnare  ille  cum  amleis  volebat ; hie  in  amleos 
regna  exercebat.  Amari  pater  malle,  hie  metui.  Lit- 
terarum  eultus  utrlque  sitnilis.  Sollertiae  15  pater  ma- 
jbris,  hie  hdei.  Yerbis  atque  oratibne  Pliilippus,  hie 


1 295,  3. 

2 414,  3. 

3 518,  II. 

4 292,  2. 

6 386. 


6 429. 

7 387. 


Ji  414,  2. 

12  164. . 

,s  486,  5. 

14  399,  2,  2). 
16  401,  403. 


* 450,  2,  1). 


9 580. 

10  545,  1. 


92 


LATIN  READER. 


rebus  moderation  Parcendi  vietis 1 filio  animus  promp- 
tior;  iile  nec  soeiis  2 abstinebat.  Frugalitati  pater,  lux- 
uriae  filius  magis  deditus  erat.  Quibus3  artibus  orbis 
imperii  fundamenta  pater  jecit,  operis  totlus  gloriam 
filius  cousummavit. 

Beginning  of  Alexander's  Beign. 

235.  Tmperio  suscepto,  prima  Alexandro  cura  pater- 
narum  exsequiarum  fuit ; in  quibus  ante  omnia  caedis4 
conseios  ad  tumulum  patris  occldi  jussit.  Inter  initia 
regni  multas  gentes  rebellantes  compeseuit ; & orientes 
nonnullas  seditiones  exstinxit.  Deinde  ad  Persieum 
bellum  proficiscens,  patrimonium  omne  suum,  quod  in 
Macedonia  et  Europa  liabebat,  amicis  divisit ; sibi 6 
Asiam  sufficere  praefatus.7  Nec  exercitui8  alius  quam 
regi  animus  fuit.  Quippe  omnes  obllti  conjugum9  libe- 
rorumque,  et  longinquae  a domo  militiae,  nihil  cogi- 
tabant  nisi  Orientis  opes.  Quum  delati 10  in  Asiam 
essent,  primus  11  Alexander  jaciilum  velut  in  hostllem 
terrain  jecit ; armatusque  de  navi 12  tripudianti 13  similis 
prosiluit,14  atque  ita  liostias  caedit,  precatus,  ne  se  regem 
illae  terrae  invltae  ,5  accipiant.16  In  Ilio  quoque  ad  tu- 
rn illos  heroum,17  qui  Trojano  bello  ceciderant,  parentavit. 

Battle  of  the  Granicus , 334  B . G. 

237.  Inde  hostem  petens  militesa  populatibne  Asiae 
prohibuit,  parcendum  18  suis  rebus  praefatus,  nee  per - 


385,  575. 

7 297,  II.  3. 

13  575,  391, 

425,  2. 

f 387. 

14  284,  I. 

453. 

”406. 

18  443,  I. 

399,  2,  2). 

10  292,  2. 

16  492,  3. 

276,  II.  1. 

11  442,  1. 

17  72,  3. 

886. 

12  87,  III.  1. 

18  545,  8. 

GRECIAN  HISTORY, 


93 


denda  ea,  quae  possessiiri 1 venerint . In  exercitu  ejus 
lucre  peditum  triginta  duo  millia,  equitum  quattuor 
millia  quingenti,  naves  centum  octoginta  duae.  II  ac 
tam  parva  manu  universum  terrarum  orbem2  vincere 
est  aggressus.  Quurn  ad  tam  periculosum  bellum  exer- 
citum  legeret,3  non  juvenes  robustos,  sed  veteranos,  qui 
cum  patre  patruisque  militaverant,  elegit : ut  non  tam 
milites,  quam  magistros  militiae  electos  putares.4  Prima 
cum  lioste  congressio  in  carnpis  Adrastlae  fuit.  In  acie 
Persarum  sexcenta  millia  militum  fuerunt,  quae  non 
minus  arte  Alexandri  quam  virtute  Macedonum  super- 
iita,  terga  verterunt.  Itaque  magna  caedes  Persarum 
fuit.  De  exercitu  Alexandri  noverm  pedites,  centum 
viginti  equites  cecidere  ; quos  rex  magnifice  humatos 
statuis  equestribus  donavit ; cognatis  eorum  autem  im- 
munitates  dedit.  Post  victoriam  major5  pars  Asiae  ad 
eum  defecit.  Habuit  et  plura6  proelia  cum  praefectis 
Darli,  quos  jam  non  tam  armis,  quam  terrore  nominis 
sui  vicit. 


Battle  of  Issusy  333  B.  C. 


238.  Interea  Darius  cum  quadringentis  milllbus 
peditum  ac  centum  milllbus  equitum  in  aciem  procedit. 
Commisso  proelio,  Alexander  non  ducis  magis  quam 
militis  munia7  exsequebatur.  Macedones  cum  rege 
ipso  in  equitum  agmen  irrumpunt.  Turn  vero  similis 
rulnae  strages  erat.  Circa  currum  Darii  jacebant  nobi- 
lissimi  duces,  ante  oculos  regis  egregia  morte8  defuncti. 
Jamque  qui  Darlum  vehebant  equi,  confossi  liastis  et 
dolore  efferati,  jugum  quatere  et  regem  curru8  excutere 


1 578,  Y. 

2 106,  2. 

3  518,  II. 


6  165,  1. 


4 486,  4. 

5 165. 


7 181,  4.) 

8 419,  I. 

9 434,  1, 


94 


LATIN  READER. 


/ 


coeperant : quum  ille,  veritus  ne  vivtis  venlret 1 in  lios- 
tium  potestatem,  desilit,2  et  in  equum,  qui  ad  hoc  ipsum 
sequebatur,  imponitur.  Turn  vero  ceteri  dissipantur 
metn.  Inter  captlvos  castrorum  mater  et  uxor  et  filiae 
duae  Darli  fuere : in  quas  Alexander  ita  se  gessit,3  ut 
omnes  ante  eum  reges  et  continents4  et  dementia 
vinceret.6 

Alexander  in  Egypt , 382  B.  C. — He  visits  the  Temple  of  Jupiter 
Ammon. 

239.  Aegyptii,  olim  Persarum  opibus  infensi,  Alex- 
andrum  laeti6  receperunt.  A Memphi7  rex  in  interiora8 
penetrat ; compositisque  rebus  ita,  ut  nihil  ex  patrio 
Aegyptiorum  more  mutaret,  adlre  Jovis  Ammonis  ora- 
ciilum 9 statuit.  Quatriduo  per  vastas  solitudmes  ab- 
sumpto,  tandem  ad  sedem  consecratam  deo10  ventum 
est,11  undique  ambientibus  ramis  contectam.  Regem  prcK 
pins  adeuntem  maxim  us  natu12  e sacerdotibus  filiijm  ap- 
pellat,  hoc  nomen  illi  parentem  Jovem  reddere  affirmans. 
Ille  se  yero  et  accipere  ait 13  et  agnoscere,  humanae  sor- 
tis 14  oblltus.  Consulit  deinde,  an  totlus  orbis  imperium 
sibi  destinaret 15  pater.  Aeque  in  adulatibnem  composi- 
tus,  terrarum  omnium  rectorem  fore  ostendit.  Post  liaec 
institit  quaerere,  an  omnes  parentis  sui  interfectdres 
poenas  dedissent.  Sacerdos  parentem  ejus  negat  ulllus 
scelere  posse  violari,  Philippi  autem  omnes  luisse  sup- 
plicia.  Sacrificio  deinde  facto,  dona  et  sacerdotibus  et 
deo  data,16  permissumque  amlcis,  ut  ipsi  quoque  consu- 
lerent 17  Jovem.  Nihil  amplius  quaesiverunt,  quam  an 


1 492,  4. 


7 87,  n.  3 ; 85,  1, 


13  297,  n.  1. 


4 429. 
b 494. 

6 413,  1, 


2 467,  III. 

3 273,  L ; 248,  1. 5. 


8 441,  1. 
0 371,  4. 

10  384. 

11  301,  3. 

12  168,  3. 


14  406,  II. 

15  525. 

16  460,  3. 

17  492. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY. 


95 


auctor  csset  sibi  divlnis  honoribus  colendi1  suum  regem. 
Hoe  quoque  acceptum  fore  Jovi2  vates  respondit.  Hex 
ex  Ammone  rediens3  elegit  nrbi  locum,  ubi  nunc  est 
Alexandria,  appellationem  trahens  ex  nomine  auctoris. 


Darius  makes  Ms  last  proposals  of  Peace . 


240.  Jam  Darius  pervenerat  Arbela4 *  vicum,  nobi- 
lem  sua  clade  facturus.  Haro  in  nllo  proelio  tantum 
sanguinis6  fusum  est.  Tandem  Darli  aurlga,  qui  ante 
ipsum  sedens  equos  regebat,  hasta  transfixus  est ; nec 
aut  Persae  aut  Macedones  dubitavere,  quin  ipse  rex  esset 
occlsus.6  Cedere7  Persae,  et  laxare  ordines  ; jarnque  non 
pugna,  sed  caedes  erat,  quum  Darius  quoqne  currum 
suum  in  fugam  vertit ; victori  Alexandro  Asiae  impe- 
rium  obtigit.8 


Disturbances  in  Greece. 


241,  Dum  haec  in  Asia  gerebantur,  Graecia  fere 
omnis,  spe  recuperandae  libertatis,1  ad  arma  concurrerat, 
anctoritatem  Lacedaemoniorum  seenta.  Dux  luijus  belli 
Agis,  rex  Lacedaemoniorum,  fuit.  Quern9  mo  turn  Anti- 
pater, dux10  ab  Alexandro  in  Macedonia  relictus,  in  ipso 
ortu  oppressit.  Magna  tamen  ntrimque  caedes  fuit. 
Agis  rex,  quum  snos  terga  dantes  videret,  dimissis  satel- 
litibus11  lit  Alexandro  felicitate,  non  virtute  inferior 
videretur,13  tantam  stragem  hostium  edidit,13  nt  agmina 
interdum  fugaret.  Ad  postremum,  etsi  a multitudme 
victus,  gloria  tamen  omnes  vicit. 


1 663. 

* 391. 

* 295,  3. 

4 3^79. 


* 396,  HI. 


96 


LATIN  READER. 


Alexander  invades  India . 


242.  Post  haec  Indiam  petit,  ut  Oceano  finlret  im- 
perium.  Cui  gloriae  ut  etiam  exercitus  ornamenta  con- 
veiilrent,  plialeras  equoruin  et  arma  militum  argento 
inducit.  Quum  ad  Nvsam  urbein  venisset,  oppidanis 1 
non  repugnantibus  parci  jussit. 


Alexander  returns  to  Babylon , 324  B.  0, 


243.  Ab  ultimis2  oris  Oceani  Babyloniam  reversus, 
convivium  solemmter  instituit.  Ibi  quum  totus 3 in  lae- 
titiam  effQsus  esset,  recedentem  jam  e convivio  Medius 
Thessalus,  instaurata  comissatione  invltat.  Accepto  po- 
culo,  inter  bibendum4  veliiti  telo  confixus  ingemuit, 
elatusque  e convivio  semiammis,  tanto  dolore  cruciatus 
est,  ut  ferrum  in  remedia  posceret.5  Yenenum  accepisse 
creditur. 


Death  of  Alexander,  323  B.  C. 


244.  Quarta  die  Alexander  indubitatam  mortem 
sentiens,  agnoscere  se  fatum  domus  majorum  suorum , 
&\t,namplerosque  Aeaciddrumintra  tricesimum  annum 
defunctos . Tumultuantes  deinde  milites,  insidiis  periisse6 
regem  suspicantes,  ipse  sedavit,  eosque  omnes  ad  con- 
spectum  suum  admlsit,  osculandamque7  dextram  por- 
rexit.8  Quum  lacrimarent 9 omnes,  ipse  non  sine  lacrimis 
tantum,  yerum  etiam  sine  ullo  tristioris  mentis  argu- 
mento  fuit.  Ad  postremum  corpus  suum  in  Ammonis 
tempi o condi  jubet.  Quum  deficere  eum  amici  viderent, 
quaerunt,  quem  imperii  faciat  lieredem ; 10  respondit, 


1 385. 

2 166. 

3 443. 

4 5G5, 1. 


6 494. 

6 295,  3. 

7 578,  y. 


8 260,  1,  1). 

9 518,  L 

10  373. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY. 


97 


Dignissimum . Hac  voce  oirmes  amlcos  snos  ad  aenm- 
lam  regni  cupiditatem  accendit.  Sexta  die,  praeclusa 
voce,  exemptum  digito 1 annulum  Perdiecae  tradidit, 
quae  res  gliscentem  amicorum  discordiam  sedavit.  Nam 
etsi  non  voce  nuncupatus  lieres,2 3  judicio  tamen  electus 5 
esse  videbatur. 

Remarks  on  the  character  of  Alexander, 

245.  Decessit  Alexander  mensem  unum  tres  et  tri- 
ginta  annos4  natus,  vir  supra  humanum  modum  vi5  ani- 
mi  praeditus.  Ornma  quaedam  magnitudmem  ejus  in 
ipso  ortu  portendisse  existimabantur.  Quo  die  natus 
est,  pater  ejus  nuntium  duarum  victoriarum  accepit ; 
alterius,  belli  Illyrici,  alterius,  certammis  Olympiad,  in 
quod  quadrlgas  miserat.  Puer  acerrimis  litterarum  stu- 
diis  erudltus  fuit.  Exacta  pueritia,  per  quinquennium 
Aristotele,  pbilosopho  praestantissimo,  usus  est  magistro. 
Accepto  tandem  irnperio  tantam  militibus  suis  fiduciam 
fecit,  ut,  illo  praesente,  nulllus  hostis  arma  timerent.6 
Itaque  cum  nullo  hoste  unquam  congressus  est,  quern 
non  vicerit ; 7 nullam  urbem  obsedit,  quam  non  expug- 
naverit.  Yictus  denique  est  non  virtute  liostlli,  sed  in- 
sidiis  suorum  et  fraude. 


1 434,  1.  4 378.  6 494. 

2 362,  3.  6 419,  in.  T 501,  1. 

3 547. 


5 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 


I.  The  preparation  of  a Reading  Lesson  in  Latin  involves 

1.  A knowledge  of  the  Meaning  of  the  Latin. 

2.  A knowledge  of  the  Structure  of  the  Latin  Sentences. 

3.  A translation  into  English. 

Meaning  of  the  Latin. 

II.  Remember  that  almost  every  inflected  word  in  a Latin  sen- 
tence requires  the  use  of  both  the  Dictionary  and  the  Grammar  to 
ascertain  its  meaning. 

The  Dictionary  gives  the  meaning  of  the  word  without  reference  to  its  Grammati* 
cal  properties  of  case , number,  mood , tense,  etc.,  and  the  Grammar,  the  meaning  of  the 
endings  which  mark  those  properties.  The  Dictionary  will  give  the  meaning  of 
mensa,  a table,  but  not  of  mensdrum , of  tables ; the  Grammar  alone  will  give  the  force 
of  the  ending  arum. 

III.  Make  yourself  so  familiar  with  all  the  endings  of  inflection, 
with  their  exact  form  and  force,  whether  in  declension  or  conjuga- 
tion, that  you  will  not  only  readily  distinguish  the  different  parts 
of  speech  from  each  other,  hut  also  the  different  forms  of  the  same 
word  with  their  exact  and  distinctive  force. 

IY.  In  taking  up  a Latin  sentence, 

1.  Notice  carefully  the  endings  of  the  several  words,  and  thus 
determine  which  words  are  nouns , wrhich  verbs,  etc. 

2.  Observe  the  force  of  each  ending,  and  thus  determine  case , 
number . voice , mood,  tense,  etc. 

This  will  be  found  to  be  a very  important  step  toward  the  mastery  of  the  sentence. 
By  this  means  you  will  discover  not  only  the  relation  of  the  words  to  each  other,  but 
also  an  important  part  of  their  meaning,  that  which  they  derive  from  their  ending3. 

Y.  The  key  to  the  meaning  of  any  simple  sentence  (345,  I.)  will 
be  found  in  the  simple  subject  and  predicate,  i.  e.,  in  the  Nominative 
and  its  Yerb.  Hence  in  looking  out  the  sentence,  observe  the  fol- 
lowing order.  Take 

1.  The  Subject,  or  Nominative. 


100 


LATIN  KEADEE. 


The  ending  will  in  most  instances  enable  you  to  distinguish  this  from  all  other 
words,  except  the  adjectives  which  agree  with  it.  These  raay  be  looked  out  at  the 
same  time  with  the  subject. 

Sometimes  the  subject  is  not  expressed,  but  only  implied,  in  the  ending  of  the  verb. 
It  may  then  be  readily  supplied,  as  it  is  always  a pronoun  of  such  person  and  number 
as  the  verb  indicates;  as,  audio^l  hear,  the  ending  io  showing  that  the  subject  is  ego ; 
auditn , you  hear,  the  ending  itis  showing  that  the  subject  is  vos. 

2.  The  Verb,  with  Predicate  Noun  or  Adjective,  if  any. 

This  will  be  readily  known  by  the  ending.  Now  combining  this  with  the  Subject, 
you  will  have  an  outline  of  the  sentence.  Ail  the  other  words  must  now  be  associated 
with  these  two  parts. 

8.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Subject,  i.  e.,  adjectives  agreeing  with  it, 
nominatives  in  apposition  with  it,  genitives  dependent  upon  it,  etc. 

But  perhaps  some  of  these  have  already  been  looked  out  in  the  attempt  to  ascertain 
the  subject. 

In  looking  out  these  words,  bear  in  mind  the  meaning  of  the  subject  to  which  they 
belong.  This  will  greatly  aid  you  in  selecting  from  the  dictionary  the  true  meaning  in 
the  passage  before  you. 

4.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Verb,  i.  e.,  (1)  Oblique  cases,  Accusatives, 
Datives,  etc.,  dependent  upon  it,  and  (2)  Adverbs  qualifying  it. 

Bear  in  mind  all  the  while  the  force  of  the  case  and  the  meaning  of  the  verb,  that, 
you  may  be  able  to  select  for  each  word  the  true  meaning  in  the  passage  before  you. 


VI.  In  complex  and  compound  sentences  (845,  II.,  III.),  dis- 
cover first  the  connectives  which  unite  the  several  members,  and 
then  proceed  with  each  member  as  with  a simple  sentence. 

VII.  In  the  use  of  Dictionary  and  Vocabulary,  remember  that 
you  are  not  to  look  for  the  particular  form  which  occurs  in  the  sen- 
tence, hut  for  the  Nom.  Sing,  of  nouns,  adjectives,  and  pronouns, 
and  for  the  First  Pers.  Sing.  Pres.  Indie.  x\et.  of  Verbs.  Therefore, 

1.  In  Pronouns,  make  yourself  so  familiar  with  their  declension, 
that  any  oblique  case  will  at  once  suggest  the  Nom.  Sing. 

If  vobis  occurs,  you  must  remember  that  the  Nom.  Sing,  is  tu. 

2.  In  Nouns  and  Adjectives,  make  yourself  so  familiar  with  the 
case-endings,  that  you  will  be  able  to  drop  that  of  the  given  case, 
and  substitute  for  it  that  of  the  Nom.  Sing. 

Thus,  memsibus;  stem  mens,  Nom.  Sing,  mensis,  which  you  will  find  in  the  Vo- 
cabulary. So  urbem,  urb,  urbs. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 


101 


3.  In  Verbs,  change  the  ending  of  the  given  form  into  that  of  the 
First  Pers.  Sing,  of  the  Pres.  Indie.  Act. 

Thus,  an nibat ; stem  am,  First  Pers.  Sing.  Pres.  Indie  Act  amo,  which  you  will 
find  in  the  Vocabulary.  So  arria verunl;  First  Pers.  Perf.  aincm,  Perf.  stem  amav. 
Verb  stem  am;  a mo. 

To  illustrate  the  steps  recommended  in  the  preceding  suggestions,  we  add  the 
following 

Model. 

VIII.  Themistocles  imperdtor  servitute  totam  Graeciam  liberavit. 

1.  Without  knowing  the  meaning  of  the  words,  you  will  discover  from 
their  forms, 

1)  That  Themistocles  and  imperdtor  are  probably  nouns  in  the  Nom.  Sing. 

2)  That  servitute  is  a noun  in  the  Abl.  Sing. 

8)  That  totam  and  Graeeiam  are  either  nouns  or  adjectives  in  the  Accus. 
Sing. 

4)  That  liberavit  is  a verb  in  the  Act.  voice,  Indie,  mood,  Perf.  tense, 
Third  Person,  Singular  number. 

2.  Now,  turning  to  the  Vocabulary  for  the  meaning  of  the  words,  you 
will  learn, 

1)  That  Themistocles  is  the  name  of  an  eminent  Athenian  general 
Themistocles. 

2)  That  libero , for  which  you  must  look,  not  for  liberavit , means  to  liber - 
ate : liberated. 

Themistocles  liberated. 

8)  That  imperdtor  means  commander ; the  commander. 

Themistocles,  the  commander,  liberated. 

4)  That  Graeciam  is  the  name  of  a country : Greece, 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  Greece. 

5)  That  totus  means  the  whole,  all  : all. 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  all  Greece. 

6)  That  servitus  means  servitude : from  servitude. 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  all  Greece  from  servitude* 


Structure  of  the  Latin  Sentence. 

IX.  The  structure  of  a sentence  is  best  shown  by  analyzing  it 
and  parsing  the  words  which  compose  it. 

Analysis . 

X. .  Tell  whether  the  sentence  is  simple,  complex,  or  compound. 

XI.  In  analyzing  a Simple  sentence  (345,  I.),  name, 

1.  The  Subject  and  Predicate,  (1)  in  the  simple  form,  and  (2)  in 
the  complex  form  (347,  350). 


102 


LATHS  EEADEE. 


2.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Subject,  (1)  in  the  simple  form,  and  (2) 
in  the  complex  form  (352). 

3.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Predicate,  (1)  in  the  simple  form,  and 
(2)  in  the  complex  form  (354-356). 

If  the  Modifiers  are  complex,  the  analysis  may  be  continued  till  all  complex  ele- 
ments arc  explained. 


Model. 

XII.  In  his  castris  Cluilius,  Albunus  rex,  moritur.  Cluilius , 

the  Alban  king,  dies  in  this  camp. 

1.  This  is  a simple  sentence. 

2.  Cluilius  is  the  simple  subject,  and  moritur , the  simple  predicate. 
Cluilius  Albdnus  rex,  is  the  complex  subject,  and  in  his  castris  moritur  is 
the  complex  predicate. 

3.  Rex  is  the  simple  modifier  of  the  subject  Cluilius , and  Albdnus  rex, 
the  complex  modifier,  as  rex  is  modified  by  Albdnus. 

4.  In  castris  is  the  simple  modifier  of  the  predicate  moritur , showing 
where  he  dies,  and  in  his  castris  is  the  complex  modifier,  as  castris  is  modi- 
fied by  his. 

XIII.  In  analyzing  a Complex  sentence  (345,  II.), 

1.  Name  the  sentence,  or  clause,1  used  as  an  element  in  it  with 
its  connective  (357). 

2.  Analyze  the  sentence  as  a whole,  like  a simple  sentence. 

3.  Analyze  the  subordinate  clause  (345,  2). 

Model. 

XIV.  Donee  eris  felix,  multos  numerabis  amlcos.  So  long  as 
you  are  prosperous , you  will  number  many  friends . 

1.  This  is  a complex  sentence. 

2.  Donee  eris  felix,  is  a clause  introduced  as  a modifier  of  nume?'dbis , 
showing  when  you  will  number. 

3.  Tu,  implied  in  numerabis,  is  the  subject ; numerabis  is  the  simple 
predicate,  donee  eris  felix,  multos  numerabis  amlco;  is  the  complex  predicate. 

4.  Amicos  is  the  simple  object  of  the  predicate  numerabis , and  multos 
amicos  the  complex  object.  Donee  eris  felix  is  the  adverbial  modifier  of  the 
predicate. 

5.  Donee  eris  felix  is  a simple  sentence,  with  the  connective  donee . Tu , 
implied  in  eris,  is  the  subject,  and  eris  felix,  the  predicate,  eris  being  the 
copula  (353)  and  felix  the  predicate  adjective. 


1 If  the  sentence  is  abridged,  show  wherein  (858,  859). 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 


103 


XV.  In  analyzing  a Compound  sentence  (345,  III.), 

1.  Separate  it  into  its  members  and  name  the  connectives.1 

2.  Analyze  each  member  as  a separate  sentence. 

Model . 

XYI.  Sol  ruit  et  montes  umbrantur. 

The  sun  descends  and  the  mountains  are  shaded . 

1.  This  is  a compound  sentence  (345,  III.). 

2.  The  members  are  sol  ruit  and  montes  umbrantur , connected  by  tht 
conjunction  et. 

3.  The  members  are  simple  sentences,  and  are  analyzed  accordingly. 

Parsing . 

XVII.  In  parsing  a word, 

1.  Name  the  Part  of  Speech  to  which  it  belongs. 

2.  Inflect 2 it,  if  capable  of  inflection. 

3.  Give  its  gender,  number,  case,  voice,  mood,  tense,  person, 
etc.3 

4.  Give  its  Syntax  and  the  Eule  for  it.4 

Model . 

XVIII.  Romani  ab  aratro  abduxerunt  Cincinnatum,  ut  dictator 
esset,  The  Romans  toolc  Cincinnatus  from  the  plough,  that  he  might 
le  dictator. 

1.  Romani  is  an  adjective  : Romdnus , a , um,  stem,  Romany  decline  (148). 
It  is  in  the  Nom.  Plur.  Masc.f  is  used  substantively  (441),  and  is  the  subject  of 
abduxerunt . Give  Rule  III. 

2 Abduxerunt  is  an  active  verb  : ab-duco , ah-ducere,  ab-duxiy  ab-ductumf 
compounded  of  ab  and  duco  (313,  II.) ; stem,  ab-ducy  perfect  stem,  ab-dux . 
Give  synopsis  of  the  mood  (218,  I.  2).  Inflect  the  tensef  i.  e.,  the  Indicative 
Perf.  Act.  (209).  It  is  in  the  Active  voice,  Indie,  mood,  Perf.  tense,  Third 
person,  Plur.  number,  and  agrees  with  Romani . Give  Rule  XXXV. 

3.  Cincinnatum  is  a Proper  noun  (31,  1),  of  the  Second  Decl. ; stem 


1 If  the  sentence  is  abridged,  name  the  compound  elements. 

a Inflect,  i.  e.,  decline,  compare  or  conjugate. 

3 That  is,  such  of  these  properties  as  it  possesses. 

4 No  special  Rule  is  deemed  necessary  for  Prepositions,  Conjunctions,  or  Interjec- 
tions. Prepositions  are  provided  for  by  the  rule  for  Oases  with  Prepositions.  Con- 
junctions are  mere  connectives,  and  are  quite  fully  explained  under  Moods. 
Interjections  are  only  expressions  of  emotion,  or  mere  marks  of  address,  explained 
under  Cases. 


104 


LATEtf  EEADEK. 


Cincinnat ; decline  (45),  used  only  in  the  singular  (130,  1).  It  is  in  the 
Accus.  Sing.  Masc. , and  is  the  direct  object  of  abduxerunt.  Give  Rule  V. 

4.  Ab  is  a preposition  used  with  the  Abl.  Aratro . 

5.  Aratro  is  a noun  of  the  Second  Decl. ; stem  aratr  / decline  (45).  It  is 
in  the  Abl.  Sing.  Neut.y  and  is  used  with  the  Prep.  ab.  Give  Rule  XXXII. 

6.  Ut  is  a conjunction  of  purpose  (491),  connecting  abduxerunt  and  esset. 

7.  Esset  is  an  intransitive  verb : sum , esseyfui  (204).  Give  synopsis  of  the 
mood , and  inflect  the  tensey  i.  e.,  Subj.  Imperf.  It  is  in  the  Subj.  mood,  Im~ 
perf.  tense,  Third  person,  Sing,  number,  and  agrees  with  the  pronoun  isy 
he,  implied  in  the  ending  (460,  2).  Give  Rule  XXXV. 

8.  Dictator  is  a noun  of  the  Third  Decl. ; stem  dictator  ; decline  (51,  II.). 
It  is  in  the  dVom.  Sing.  Masc.y  and  agrees,  as  Predicate  noun,  with  the 
omitted  subject  of  esset.  Give  Rule  I. 

Translation. 

XIX.  In  translating,  render  as  literally  as  possible  without  doing 
violence  to  the  English. 

In  many  important  idioms  of  the  Latin,  a literal  translation  would  not 
only  fail  to  do  justice  to  the  original,  but  would  also  be  a gross  perversion 
of  the  mother-tongue.  The  following  suggestions  are  intended  to  aid  the 
pupil  in  disposing  of  such  cases ; but  even  in  these,  it  is  earnestly  recom- 
mended that  he  should  first  construe  literally,  in  order  that  he  may  be  made 
to  feel  the  force  of  the  Latin  construction  before  attempting  a translation. 

f 

Participles. 

XX.  These  are  much  more  extensively  used  in  Latin  than  in 
English ; hence  the  frequent  necessity,  in  translating  them,  of  devi- 
ating from  the  Latin  construction.  They  may  generally  be  rendered 
in  some  one  of  the  following  ways  1 (571-551)  : 

1.  Literally: 

Pyrrhus  proelio  fusus  a Tarento  recessit,  Pyrrhus  having  been  defeated 

in  battle  withdrew  f rom  Tarentum . 

2.  By  a Itelative  Clause  : 

Omnes  aliud  agentes,  aliud  simulantes  improbi  sunt,  All  who  do  one 

thing  and  pretend  another  are  dishonest. 

3.  By  a Clause  with  a Conjunction : 


1 The  pupil  must  early  learn  to  determine  from  the  context  the  appropriate  render- 
ing in  each  instance. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 


105 


1) .  'W'itli  a Conjunction  of  Time, — while , when,  after,  etc. 

Uva  maturuta  dulcescit,  The  grape,  when  it  has  ripened  (having  ripened), 
becomes  sweet. 

2) .  With  a Conjunction  of  Cause,  Eeason,  Manner, — as,  for , 
since,  etc. 

Milites  perfidiam  venti  reverts  runt,  The  soldiers  returned , because  they 
feared  perfidy . 

3) .  With  a Conjunction  of  Condition, — if 

Accusatus  damnabitur,  If  he  is  accused , he  will  be  condemned. 

4) .  With  a Conjunction  of  Concession, — though,  although. 

Urbem  acernme  defensam  cepit,  He  took  the  city , though  it  was  valiantly 

defended , or  though  valiantly  defended. 

4.  By  a Verbal  Noun : 

Ad  Romam  conditam,  to  the  founding  of  Borne , lit.  to  Borne  founded.  Ab 
urbe  condita,  from  the  founding  of  the  city . Post  reges  exactos,  after  the 
expulsion  of  the  kings . 

5.  By  a Verb  : 

Rex  ei  benigne  recepto  filiam  dedit,  The  king  received  him  kindly  and 
gaze  him  his  daughter , lit.  gave  his  daughter  to  him  kindly  received . 

XXL  Participles  with  non  or  nihil  are  sometimes  best  rendered 
by  Participial  nouns  dependent  upon  without : 

Non  ridens,  without  laughing. 

XXII.  Future  Participles  are  sometimes  best  rendered  by  Infini- 
tives, or  by  Participial  Nouns  with  for  the  purpose  of: 

Rediit  belli  casum  tentaturus,  He  returned  to  try  (about  to  try)  the  for- 
tune of  roar. 

XXIII.  The  Ablative  Absolute  is  sometimes  best  rendered  (1) 
by  a Clause  with, — when,  while,  after,  for,  since,  if,  though,  etc., 
(2)  by  a Noun  with  a Preposition, — in,  during,  after,  by,  from , 
through,  etc.,  or  (3)  by  an  Active  Participle  with  its  Object : 

Servio  regnante,  while  Servius  reigned , or  in  the  reign  of  Servius  (lit* 
Servius  reigning).  Duce  Fabio,  under  the  command  of  Fabius  (lit.  Fabius 
being  commander). 

Sometimes,  as  in  the  last  example,  a word  denoting  the  doer  of  on  action  can  bo 
best  rend- red  by  the  word  which  denotes  the  thing  done.  Thus,  instead  of  com- 
mander, consul,  king,  we  have  command . consulship,  reign. 


106 


LATIN  READER. 


Subjunctive . 

XXIV.  This  may  be  rendered  as  follows : 

1.  With  the  Potential  signs,  may,  can,  might,  could,  would, 
should  (485) : 

Forsitan  quaeratis,  Perhaps  you  may  inquire.  Hoc  nemo  dixSrit,  No  one 
would  say  this. 

2.  By  the  English  Indicative.  This  is  generally  the  best  ren- 
dering 

1)  In  clauses  denoting  Cause,  or  Time  and  Cause  (51 7,  521): 

Quum  vita  metus  plena  sit,  since  life  is  full  of  fear.  Quum  Romam 
venisset,  ivhen  he  had  come  to  Rome. 

2)  In  Indirect  Questions  (525) : 

Quaeritur,  cur  dissentiant,  It  is  aslced  why  they  disagree. 

8)  In  the  Subjunctive  by  Attraction  (527) : 

Yereor,  ne,  dum  minuere  velim  laborem,  augeam,  I fear  I shall  increase 
the  labor , while  I wish  to  diminish  it. 

4)  In  the  Subordinate  Clauses  of  Indirect  Discourse  (581) : 

Hippias  gloriatus  est,  annulum  quem  haberet  se  sua  manu  confecisse, 
Hippias  boasted  that  he  had  made  with  his  own  hand  the  ring  which  he  wore 
(bad). 

5)  In  Relative  Clauses  defining  indefinite  antecedents,  and 
sometimes  in  clauses  denoting  result  (501,  494,  495) : 

Sunt  qui  putent,  there  are  some  who  thinlc.  Ita  vixit  ut  Atbeniensibus 
esset  carissimus,  He  so  lived , that  he  was  very  dear  to  the  Athenians. 

6)  Sometimes  in  Conditional  and  Concessive  clauses,  and  in 
clauses  with  Quin  and  Quominus  (510,  515,  498,  499) : 

Dum  metuant,  if  only  (provided)  they  fear.  Si  voluisset,  dimicasset,  If 
he  had  wished , he  would  have  fought . Ut  desint.  vires,  tamen  est  laudanda 
voluntas,  Though  the  strength  fails , still  the  will  should  be  approved.  Adest 
nemo,  quin  videat,  There  is  no  one  present  who  does  not  see. 

8.  By  the  Infinitive.  This  is  often  the  best  rendering 

1)  In  Relative  Clauses  denoting  Result : hence  after  dignas,  in~ 
dignus,  idoneus,  aptus,  etc.  (501) : 

Non  is  sum  qui  bis  utar,  lam  not  such  a one  as  to  use  (he  who  mav  use) 
these  things.  Fabulae  dignae  sunt,  quae  legantur,  The  fables  are  worthy  to 
be  read  (which,  or  that  they,  should  be  read). 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  THE  LEARNER. 


107 


2)  Sometimes  in  Relative  Clauses  denoting  Purpose,  and  other 
clauses  denoting  Result  (500,  494)  : 

Decemviri  creati  sunt  qui  leges  seriberent,  Decemvirs  were  appointed  to 
prepare  the  laws  (who  should  prepare). 

Infinitive . 

XX V.  The  Infinitive  has  a much  more  extensive  use  in  Latin 
than  in  English.  The  following  points  require  notice  (539  fi.). 

1.  The  Infinitive  with  a Subject  is  rendered  by  a Finite  verb 
with  that: 

Dixit  se  regem  vidisse,  lie  said  that  he  had  seen  the  Icing. 

2.  The  Historical  Infinitive  (545,  1)  is  rendered  by  the  Imperfect 
Indicative : 

Iram  pater  dissimulare,  The  father  concealed  his  anger . 

3.  The  Infinitive  is  sometimes  best  rendered  by  a Participial 
noun  with  of  with , etc. 

Insimulatur  mysteria  violasse,  He  is  accused  of  having  violated  the  mys- 
teries. 

Miscellaneous  Idioms. 

XXVI.  The  following  Miscellaneous  Idioms  are  added : 

1.  Certiorem  facer e should  be  rendered,  to  inform , and  certior 
fieri , to  he  informed : 

Caesar  certior  factus  est,  Caesar  was  informed. 

2.  Inter  se , lit.  between  themselves , is  often  best  rendered,  from 
each  other , to  each  other , together. 

Omnes  inter  se  diff  erunt,  They  all  differ  from  each  other. 

3.  He — quidem , with  one  or  more  words  between  the  parts,  should 
be  rendered,  not  even  ; or  even — not : 

Ne  nomen  quidem,  not  even  the  name. 

4.  When  two  or  more  verbs  stand  together  in  the  same  com- 
pound tense,  the  copula  {sum)  is  generally  expressed  only  with  the 
last,  but  in  rendering,  the  copula  should  be  expressed  only  with 
the  first : 

Captus  et  in  vincula  conjectus  est,  He  was  taken  and  thrown  into  chains. 

5.  Quanto — tanto , lit.  by  as  much  as — by  so  much , is  often  best 
rendered  before  comparatives,  the — the : 

5* 


108 


LATIN  READER. 


Quanto  diutius  considSro,  tanto  res  vidStur  obscurior,  the  longer  (by  as 
much  as  the  longer)  I consider  the  subject,  the  more  obscure  (by  so  much  the 
more  obscure)  does  it  appear. 

6.  A Clause  with  quominus,  by  which,  or  that,  the  less,  may 
generally  he  rendered  by  a Clause  with  that , by  the  Infinitive , or 
by  a Participial  noun  with  from . 

Per  eum  stetit  quominus  dimicaretur,  It  was  owing  to  him  (stood  through 
him)  that  the  engagement  was  not  made.  Non  recusavit  quominus  poenam 
sublret,  He  did  not  refuse  to  submit  to  punishment.  Regem  impediit  quomi- 
nus pugnaret,  He  prevented  the  Icing  from  fighting. 


- 


(sHl 

NOTES. 


% 

GRAMMATICAL  EXERCISES. 

For  Explanation  of  References,  see  page  ix. 


I.  Ala.  As  the  Latin  has  no  article,  a noun  may,  according  to  the  I 
connection  in  which  it  is  used,  be  translated  (1)  without  the  article; 

as,  ala , wing;  (2)  with  the  indefinite  article  a , or  an  ; as,  ala , a wing; 

(3)  with  the  definite  article  the  ; as,  ala , the  wing. 

4,  23.  Post  Roranli  mortem.  For  the  position  of  the  preposition,  & 
see  602,  II.  3. 

7.  Servns  bonus.  In  Latin  the  adjective  generally  follows  its  noun, 
as  in  this  example,  though  sometimes  it  precedes  it,  as  in  English. 
When  emphatic  the  adjective  is  placed  before  its  noun ; as,  vera  ami - 
cilia  (7,  25).  See  Grammar,  598;  598,  2. 

II,  18.  Leges  . . . Simto,  let  the  lores  he , etc.  The  third  person  of  5 
the  Future  Imperative  is  often  best  rendered  by  let , instead  of  shall, 

13,  28.  Offliiiaai.  This  agrees  with  militum. 

19,  2.  Consul.  See  note  on  “ Consules  ” (169). — — 4.  Yin!  dens.  9 

The  ancient  Romans  recognized  a great  number  of  gods  and  goddesses. 
Almost  every  object  in  nature  was  under  the  special  care  of  some  one  of 
these  fabulous  deities.  Bacchus  presided  over  the  cultivation  of  the 
vine,  and  was  the  god  of  festivity. 6.  Testis  temporrsm,  the  witness 

of  times , i.  e.  competent  to  testify  in  regard  to  them.  Tempora,  times , 
involves  events. Habetar,  is  regarded. 9.  Evaserat;  from  evado . 

20,  1.  Expulsns  est ; from  expello. 2.  Regis  pater.  Regis  refers 

to  Tarquinius  Priscus,  the  fifth  king  of  Rome. 6.  Didkit ; from 

disco. 7.  Dictator.  See  note  on  “ Cum  honore  dictator  is”  (178). 

Yoverat ; from  voveo. 8.  Interfecernnt ; from  inter ficio. 

21,  5.  Malornm.  This  depends  upon  muter.  10 

22,  6.  Pcrdidi ; from  perdo. 

23,  6.  Fecit,  lit,  made  ; render  composed , or  wrote. 8.  CoiididU  ; 

from  condo. 12.  Vixcrimt ; from  vivo . 16.  Luxernnt;  from 


110 


LATHS  BEADEB. 


PAGE 

11  lugeo. 20.  Sum  praetcrvectus ; from  praeterveho. 21.  Transie- 

rsat  ^ from  transeo.  See  295,  3. 

24,  5.  Nutricem  . . . Sicilian.  The  ancient  Romans  annually  re- 
ceived large  supplies  of  grain  from  Sicily.  Hence  the  epithets  here 
applied  to  it. 

25,  3.  Belli ; construe  with  artem , the  art  of  war.— — 9.  Edoctufe 

faerat ; from  edoceo. 10,  Petiernnt;  from  peto:  See  234,  276,  HI. 

12  13.  Sheram  traduxit.  This  was  at  the  beginning  of  the  second 

Punic  war,  218  B.  C.  The  Ebro  was  the  boundary  between  the  Ro- 
man and  the  Carthaginian  possessions  in  Spain. Traduxit}  from 

traduco. 14.  Trausducti  sunt}  from  transduco. 

26,  3.  Besiiohie.  This  refers  to  the  insect  known  as  the  ephemeran. 

4.  Katas  ; from  nascor 6.  Exstruxenmt } from  ezstruo. 

7.  Loagos  quaterna  cubita,  each  four  cubits  long . Quaterna  is  a 
distributive.  See  174,  2,  1). 

27,  2.  Rediit ; from  redeo , 295,  3. 3.  Coacessit } from  concedo . 

4.  Numerals,  quantity.  The  word  generally  means  number. 

Misit  \ from  mitto. 8.  Ib©  } from  eo , 295. 

IS  28,  3.  SuHasa , Participle  from  suffundo , agreeing  with  Venus. 4. 

Idas ; from  ico. Cecldit  } from  cado. 5.  luceusus  est } from 

incendo. 

29,  3.  Videt,  sees  it.  The  object  is  the  pronoun  understood,  refer- 
ring to  conjurationem . 

30,  9.  Non  dat,  does  not  allow ; lit.  give. 10.  Omncs.  This 

agrees  with  nos  implied  in  damns. 

14  31,6.  Persuasit;  from  persuadeo. 8.  Pepcmruat;  from  parco. 

32,  1.  AHiiit  5 from  adsurn.  For  the  assimilation  of  d before  f see 

338,  1,  ad. 2.  Adjuuxit}  from  adjungo. 3.  SinguloruiB,  of  in- 
dividuals ; it  depends  upon  saluti. 5.  Terrorem  iujecit,  he  struck 

terror  into , i.  e.  inspired  with  terror;  lit.  threw  terror  into. lujedt} 

from  injicio. 6.  Pngnae  ....  SEllmiaem.  This  was  the  famous 

victory  gained,  480  B.  C.,  by  the  Greeks  over  the  Persians. 

15  35,  2.  Hie,  here. to  my  surprise. 

36,  10.  Deiegeraat}  from  dehgo. 

37,  2.  Time  litterae,  your  letter.  This  is  the  common  meaning  of 

the  plural  of  this  word. 5.  Netas  ; Participle  from  nosco,  used  ad- 

jectively,  575. 

38,  1.  Esto,  let  there  be. 

16  39,4.  Erat,  it  was. 1.  2.  SnsthmeroQt  5 from  sustineo. 4. 

TeatOium  pater.  Aeolus  is  meant:  he  was  the  god  of  the  winds,  and 

ruled  them  at  pleasure. 5.  Slugnlornsii  facilitates,  the  resources  of 

individuals.  See  441,  1. IY.  1.  Taiquinias.  Tarquinius  Superbus, 

17  the  last  king  of  Rome,  is  meant. 3.  Dedernnt;  from  do. V.  2. 


NOTES. 


Ill 


Son  at,  lit.  sounds  ; here  expresses , means. Vox  volaptatis,  the  word  !L7 

pleasure  ; lit  the  uord  of  pleasure. 5.  Exhorruit ; from  exhorrcsco. 

40,  3.  Famae  mesdacia,  ihe  falsehoods  of  report , i.  e.  the  falsehoods 

circulated  by  report. 8.  Rest! am  fiagit.  Socrates,  one  of  the  most 

eminent  philosophers  of  antiquity,  liad  such  a contempt  for  all  pedantry 
and  conceit  of  knowledge,  that  he  claimed  to  know  only  one  thing ; 
viz.,  that  he  knew  nothing. 

41,  1.  Poena  ; supply  est , 460,  2. 3.  Fait,  was,  i.  e.  consisted  of. 

4.  Eratsoami;  supply  man  in  rendering. 6.  Seaeseentis ; sup-  1§ 

ply  aetatis  from  the  preceding  clause. 12.  Ccteri ; supply  vendunt. 

42,  7.  Saoratn,  his  own , i.  e.  faults  ( viiiorum ). 

43,  9.  Eajas;  belongs  to  gloriae.  19 

44,  I.  1.  Cato  ; supply  maguus  hahebdtur  from  preceding  clause. 

II.  1.  Res  . . . COQStitoit,  managed  the  affairs,  etc.  He  was  gov- 
ernor of  the  Cliersonesus. III.  7.  Pistes;  supply  capiuntur. SO 

IV.  3.  Sacra,  sacred  rites.  King  Numa  was  the  reputed  founder  of  the 
early  religious  institutions  of  Rome. 

45,  3.  Viginti  taiestis,  twenty  talents,  more  than  $20,000,  a high 

price  for  an  oration,  but  the  purchaser  was  a wealthy  king,  and  the  au- 
thor cne  of  the  most  finished  of  the  Attic  orators. VendMit ; from 

vendo. 

46,  1.  Annua ; supply  vilius  est  from  the  preceding  clause. 10. 

Adversam  ; supply  fortunam. 11.  Yirtntis,  that  of  virtue.  It  de-  21 

pends  upon  sitis  understood. 

47,  2.  Major  ; lit.  greater  ; render  older. 3.  Caesaris  $ supply 

ca^tris. 

48,  T.  5.  Ftmctns  sum ; from  fungor. III.  9.  Hectora  ....  22 

Achilles.  These  were  the  two  most  eminent  warriors  in  the  Trojan  war ; 

the  former  a Trojan,  the  latter  a Greek. 

49,  2.  Gest-isimt;  from  gero . 3.  Vixlt;  from  vivo. 5.  Tra- 

jeclt ; from  trajiclo. — —6.  FabricIttS,  Aristides.  They  were  both  dis- 
tinguished for  rare  integrity  and  uprightness.  The  latter  was  surnamed 

the  Just.  With  Fahricius  supply  fuit. 7.  Mdltsmsest;  from  morior. 

12.  Ttmotheas;  supply  v ixit. 

50,7.  Destitemat ; from  desisto. 11.  Expnlstss  est ; from  ex-  23 

pello. 13.  Bello  Persico,  in  the  Persian  tear,  i.  e.  the  war  with  Per- 

sia. Themistocles  gained  the  celebrated  victory  of  Salamis,  480  B.  C. 

51,  4.  Qua  necte — eadeoi  — eddem  node , qua,  on  the  same  night  in 
which.  The  antecedent  node  is  incorporated  into  the  relative  clause 

according  to  445,  9. Diasiae  ....  templsm.  This  temple  of  Diana 

at  Ephesus  in  Ionia  was  celebrated  for  its  beauty  and  magnificence. 

9.  Coadita  erat ; from  condo. 

52,2.  C’oajcinxit ; from  eonjungo. 


21 


112 


LATIN  READER. 


VAOB 

24  53,  1.  Qoidam,  .some,  i.  e.  some  persons. — — Non  re,  not  in  reality. 

5.  Par  5 agrees  with  Anew, 

54,  1.  Ctignito  ; from  cognosco. 4.  Excepta;  from  excipio. — — 

6.  Natns  est;  from  nascor. Cicerone  ....  eonsulibns  $ XXIII. 

See  also  notes  on  “ Consules  ” (169)  and  “ Duillio  ” (185). 

25  55,  I.  1.  Ad  soosmam  senectntesn,  till  extreme  old  age. 5.  licit; 

from  vinco. 6.  Fusae  sunt ; from  fundo. 8.  Erga  parentes,  pie- 

\&S=justitm  erga  parentes  pietas  dicitur. II.  4.  Afrieanns  ; so  called 

because  of  his  great  victory  at  Zama  in  Africa. 5.  Ex  Tiro,  i.  e.  from 

the  word  vir,  man. 6.  Floruit;  from  jloresco , 281,  I.  1. 8.  De- 

dit ; from  do. III.  2.  DMsa  est ; from  divido. 4.  Progress! 

sunt;  from  progredior. 5.  Est,  there  is. Sub  pallio  sordido, 

under  a soiled  coat , i.  e.  in  the  poor  man,  among  the  poor. 

26  56,  5.  Ab  ©nml  parte;  lit.  from  every  part ; render,  in  all  respects . 

6.  Condidit ; from  condo. 9.  Dives#  This  is  a predicate  adjec- 
tive: is  born  rich. — —11.  DissimilKma  natnra,  very  dissimilar  (things) 
by  nature. 

57,  2.  Ad  qnas  res,  in  its— in  iis  rebus,  ad  quas , in  those  things  for 
which.  See  note  on  “ Qua  node,  eadem  ” (51,  4). 

27  58,  2.  Tua ; supply  delectant. 3.  Amlnim,  a friend,  i.  e.  my 

friend;  possessive  omitted  according  to  447. — — 5.  Consompsi ; from 
consumo. 

60,  1.  Bens  est,  there  is  a God. — — Tempornm,  of  the  seasons .- 

Kernm,  of  events. 2.  Mala ; construe  with  carmma. 3.  Hones- 

tatis ; depends  upon  regula  understood,  397,  1,  (3). — — 4.  Dominos  $ 
supply  erat. 

62,  1.  Meornm,  of  my  friends,  lit.  of  my,  or  mine. 2.  Agnovit; 

from  agnosco. — -3.  Si  qulsqnam ; supply  sapiens  fuit. -5.  Optimum 

qoidque,  lit.  every  best  thing ; render,  all  the  best  things,  whatever  is 
best,  or  the  best  thing  ever,  458,  1.- 6.  Perdidit ; from  perdo. 

28  63,  3.  Pcperl ; from  pario,  280. 5.  Bdati  sunt ; from  defero, 

292,  2. 6.  Exerrftnm,  his  army.  Observe  the  omission  of  the  pos- 
sessive, 447. 7.  Exstmctmn  est ; from  exstinguo , to  put  out,  extin- 

guish, applicable  to  a light.  The  language  is  figurative ; the  beautiful 
city  of  Corinth  is  represented  as  a light,  lumen. 

64,  3.  Victoria  $ supply  venit. 

65,  4.  Consoles ; supply  bini  creabantur  from  the  next  clause. 

Bini,  two  by  two,  i.  e.  two  each  year,  distributive,  174,  2. 

2$  66,  1.  Perspexero ; from  perspicio . 

67,  1.  Fbi  primnsn,  when  first,  i.  e.  as  soon  as. 2.  Com  Craecis 

Latina,  lit.  Latin  things  with  Greek  things  ; render,  Latin  studies  with 

Greek  studies. Conjonxi ; from  con  fan  go. 4.  Lycnrgi  leges* 

Lycurgus  was  the  great  Spartan  law-giver.  His  laws  contributed  much 


NOTES. 


118 


PAGB 

to  tlie  prosperity  and  greatness  of  Sparta. 6.  Aareornu!  aimnloraiEia  229 

The  wearing  of  gold  rings  was  one  of  the  special  privileges  of  senators 
and  knights.— — IMraxerat ; from  detraho. 

68,  3.  Noniralli,  not  none , i.  e.  some,  585,  1. -Casime;  casu  with 

the  interrogative  enclitic  ne  appended. Sit  effeetus  ; from  efficio.- 

4.  (hiaesivit  | from  quaero.- S&lYUsne  . . . clipeiss.  This  was  his 

question  when  mortally  wounded  at  Mantinea.  Ancient  warriors  took 

special  pride  in  preserving  their  shields. 5.  Essen!  fusi;  from 

f undo . — — 6.  la  c&usis?  in  suits  at  law . 

69,  3.  Rcdires ; from  redeo.  SO 

70,  7,  Tanquam  parva.  as  small , i.  e.  unimportant. 

71,  1.  Abduxerunt  5 from  aSduco. Ciacmnatuni.  Cincinnatus, 

who  was  thus  summoned  from  the  plough  to  the  dictatorship  in  an  hour 
of  great  national  peril,  acted  with  such  remarkable  promptness  and 
energy,  that  in  a few  days  he  conquered  the  enemy,  entered  Rome  in 
triumph,  and  was  rewarded  with  a golden  crown.  He  then  quietly  re- 
signed his  dictatorship  and  returned  to  his  farm. -Dictator.  See  note 

on  “ Cum  honore  dictator  is  ” (178). 2.  PatriSj  of  his  father , i.  e. 

the  Sun.  The  story  is,  that  he  asked  his  father,  the  sun,  for  the  use  of 
his  chariot  for  a day,  but  that  he  found  himself  unable  to  manage  the 

fiery  steeds. 5.  Deerevit;  from  decerno. Ut  consul  . . . . se 

...  capcret.  This  was  the  usual  formula  by  which  a Roman  citizen 
might  be  clothed  with  the  power  of  dictator. 

72,  1.  IJt  . . . diligamus;  XXIV.  2,  5). 4.  Senserit;  from  3! 

sentio. 

73,  2.  Quia  ....  abeam ; XXIV.  2,  6). 4.  Qnemiims  git; 

lit.  by  which,  or  that,  the  less  God  should  be  ; render,  that  God  should 
be,  or  God  from  being , XXVI.  6. 

74,  1.  Q<ii  snstmeret, . lit.  who  should  sustain;  render,  to  sustain , 

XXIV.  3. 4.  Quod  . . . possit ; XXIV.  2,  5). 6.  Inventi  ssmt ; 

from  invenio. 

75,  1.  Dnm  metuant;  XXIV.  2,  6). 

77,  4.  Nisi  in  litteris?  if  not  in  letters , i.  e.  in  literary  pursuits,  stu-  32 
dies. — — 5.  Xon  . . , sen&tum.  Senatus,  senate , is  derived  from  senex, 
and  meant  originally  an  assembly  of  old  men. 

78,  2.  Coast! terit ; from  consisto. 4.  Qui  . . . attigissem,  though 

1 had  commenced  (touched)  Greek  studies  (letters) ; XXIV.  2,  6). 

Atiigissem  ; from  attingo , 

80,  1.  Qanm  ...  sit;  XXIV.  2,  1). 2.  Necesse  cst.  The  sub- 

ject is  the  clause,  Deum  ....  majora.  Hence  necesse  is  neuter,  S3 

438,  3 ; 35,  III.  2. Deum  ....  habere;  XXV.  1. Haec  habere 

B3Ujora5  lit.  to  have  these  greater,  i.  e.  in  a higher  degree. 4.  Sao 

toto  . . . non  viderit*  As  the  term  of  the  consular  office  was  a year, 


114: 


LATIN  READER. 


PAGE 

33  this  seems  a very  remarkable  statement.  But  the  truth  is,  Caniniu,® 
was  appointed  only  to  fill  a vacancy  of  a few  hours  at  the  very  end  of 
the  consular  year.  Hence  the  remark  is  only  a playful  one. 

81,  1.  Malorum,  of  evils  ; from  malum. Qaod  ....  capian- 

tar;  XXIV.  2,  1).  The  Subjunctive  implies  that  the  reason  is  assigned 

on  Plato’s  authority. Pisces  ; supply  capiantur.- 2.  Latine,  in 

Latin. — — 3.  Eedierim  ; from  redeo , 295,  3. 

82,  1.  Bum  ....  ccnvenirent ; XXIV.  2,  1). — —id  Iioram  no- 
nam,  till  the  ninth  hour , i.  e.  till  3 P.  M.  For  the  divisions  of  the 

Roman  day,  see  711. 2.  Qulevcre  $ from  quiesco. 3.  Vocem 

. . o excitant.  The  immense  audiences  before  which  the  ancient  trage- 
dians acted,  rendered  this  precaution  quite  indispensible. 

83,  1.  Quant&s  ....  habeat;  XXIV.  2,  2). 2.  Tantam,  only. 

4.  Qni  ....  videant ; XXIV.  3,  2). Qnas  in  partes,  lit.  into 

what  parts  ; render,  in  what  direction. 6.  Unas,  oney  viz.  Demos- 

34  thenes. 7.  Est.  The  subject  is  the  clause,  qualis  res  ..  . sit,  555. 

84,  1.  Ut  . . . servem,  that  I should  keep  myself  neutral , i.  e.,  in 

respect  to  the  civil  wars. 2.  Quas  cognorit.  XXIV.  2,  3). Cog- 

norit  \ for  cognoverit , 234,  2. 3.  Jnssit ; from  jubeo , 269. Quae  \ 

refers  to  naves,  as  its  antecedent. 5.  Ut — videar $ XXIV.  2,  5). 

Vixisse , from  vivo. 

85,  1.  Quod  scirent ; XXIV.  2,  4). 2.  Bestlolas.  Reference  is 

here  made  to  the  insect  known  as  the  ephemeran. 3.  Respond!! ; 

from  respondeo. Sibi,  SUSS.  Here  sibi  refers  to  Caesar,  the  subject 

of  the  subordinate  clause,  while  suas  refers  to  Ariovistus,  the  subject 

of  the  principal  clause.  See  449,  II. Yieissent  $ from  vinco. 4. 

Si  . . . esset ....  fnisse.  In  the  direct  discourse,  this  would  have  the 
Imperfect  Subjunctive  in  both  clauses,  the  third  form  of  the  conditional 

sentence  (510).  For  changes  in  the  conclusion , see  533,  2,  2). 

Iiie,  he , i.  e.  Caesar. A sc,  from  himself  i.  e.  Ariovistus. 5.  Egit *, 

35  from  ago,  treated , argued. Remmiseerctnr.  In  the  direct  discourse, 

this  would  have  been  in  the  Imperative : hence  the  Subjunctive  here 
according  to  530,  II. 

86,  2.  Patres  conscripti,  conscript  fathers , often  used  in  addressing 

the  Roman  senate. 5.  Dorminnt ; supply  pronoun  referring  to  vir - 

tides,  they. 6.  Santo,  let  them  be. 8.  Milithe  snmmam  jus,  the 

supreme  control  of  military  affairs. Parento , supply  pronoun, 

referring  to  consules. 9.  Te  $ subject  of  esse. 10.  Quaia  prininm, 

as  soon  as  possible,  444,  3. 

36  87,  4.  Fositam  esse  ; from  pono. 5.  Traditum  est ; from  trado. 

«= — 7.  Cnpidam  $ Acc.  Masc.  Sing,  agreeing  with  aliquem , any  one,  the 
omitted  subject  of  esse. 9.  Suis  rebus  ; with  one's  own  things.  JSuis 

refers  to  the  omitted  subject  of  esse. Suet  J agrees  by  attraction  with 


NOTES, 


115 


Pred.  Nom.  divitiae , instead  of  the  subject  clause,  462. 11.  Lycnrgi  SO 

tempGrilms.  This  was  in  the  ninth  century  B.  C. 14.  Iimntas  esse ; 

from  invenio. 16.  Amare;  supply^. 17.  Minima  $ the  smallest, 

i.  e.  the  smallest  evils  {mala). 

£8,  4.  Graece  loqui,  to  speak  in  Greek.- -Latinc ; supply  loqui. 

- 6.  BMieenmt$  from  disco. — —13.  Esse  ; supply  bonus. 

89,  3.  Videre  ....  caperet.  This  was  the  duty,  or  business,  ne-  37 

gotium , assigned  to  Postumius.  The  language  is  the  usual  form  of  de- 
cree by  which  the  Dictator  was  clothed  with  extraordinary  power,  in 
order  to  save  the  state.  See  note  on  “ Cum  honor e dictatoris  ” (178). 
Postumius  was  Dictator, i.  Sampsisse  $ from  sumo. 6.  Tcne  ; 

the  pronoun  te  with  the  enclitic  ne. — — Tcne  hoe  dicere,  that  you  should 
say  this , or  is  it  possible  that  you  say  this  ? 7.  Adeone  adeo  and  ne. 

90,  3.  Inter  n©S  $ lit.  between  ourselves  ; render,  with  each  other. 

4.  Aeeedit  qaod  5 lit.  it  is  added  that , i.  e.  there  is  the  additional  fact 
that. 

91,  1.  Ta  ; subject  of  responsurus  sis. 2.  PcFYCnissentnc  ; per- 

venissent  and  ne. 3.  Mel  $ subject  of  esse  understood. 5.  inter- 

fuisset , from  intersum. 

92,  3.  Diseendi ; supply  facultatem , 397,  1,  (3).- — 4.  Aadiendi  $ 

supply  occasio. 7.  Platonis  andicntii,  of  hearing  Plato  ; lit.  of  Plato  3§ 

to  be  heard.  Platonis  depends  upon  studiosus , while  the  gerundive  au- 
dierpdi  agrees  with  it,  562. -9.  Quid  aadierim,  what  I have  heard. 

93,  3.  Sacerdctibas  creandis  1 lit.  to  priests  to  be  appointed  ; render, 

to  the  appointment  of  priests , 580. Adjecii  9 from  adjicio. 6, 

Nommlli,  some , 585,  1. 

94,  1.  Ad  inteliigendnm  5 lit.  to  understanding  ; render,  to  under- 
stand.  Est  natas  ; from  nascor , lit.  has  been  born  ; render,  is  born, 

471,  3. i.  Ad  cognoscendas  ....  leges ; lit.  to  the  laws  to  be 

learned ; render,  to  learn , or  study  the  laws,  etc. Lycnrgi  leges* 

The  laws  of  Lvcurgus,  the  great  law-giver  of  Sparta,  were  very  famous 
in  antiquity.— — 6.  Catilina  ....  conjuravit.  This  iniquitous  con- 
spiracy was  formed  during  the  consulship  of  the  orator  Cicero,  63  B.  C., 
by  whom  it  was  fortunately  discovered  and  defeated. 

95,  1.  Nihil  &gendo9  by  doing  nothing. 

96,  2.  Concessit  5 from  concedo. 3.  Befensnm  5 from  defendo.  39 

5.  Facies  ; the  object  is  id,  the  omitted  antecedent  of  quod. 6. 

Ccgnitu  ; from  cognosco. Oratio  ; supply  jucunda  est  from  the  pre- 

ceding clause. 

97,  2.  Hippias*  He  had  once  been  tyrant  of  Athens,  but  having 
been  driven  from  the  throne,  he  repaired  to  the  Persian  couit  and 

espoused  the  Persian  cause. Ccddit ; from  eado. 3.  Finxit ; 

from  pingo. Temple  ....  Bianae#  See  note  on  the  same,  (51,  4). 


116 


LATIN  KEADEE. 


PAGE 

39  5.  Terra  mutata  \ lit.  earth,  or  land,  having  been  changed ; ren- 
der, change  of  country , 580. 6.  Expulsns  ; from  expello. 7. 

Factus;  from  facto , Pass.  fio. Sabegil;  from  subigo. 8.  Viuc- 

ta ; from  vincio. 9.  Regibus  exactls  5 lit.  the  kings  having  been 

expelled ; render,  when,  or  after,  the  kings  were  expelled r,  431,  2,  (1). 
This  refers  to  the  overthrow  of  the  regal  form  of  government  at  Rome 
by  the  banishment  of  Tarquin,  510  B.  C.  See  below  (16^7,  168). — — 

40  12.  Empta;  from  emo. 13.  Bilapsi  saat ; from  dilabor. 

98,  3.  Secuada ; prosperous  things , i.  e.  prosperity. 

99,  2.  la  bants  rebus ; lit.  in  good  things ; render,  among  good 

things , i.  e.  as  blessings. 4.  Eripi,  surripi.  Eripio  means  to  ear 

away  forcibly  ; surripio , to  take  away  stealthily . 


FABLES. 

41  100.  Praeiereuut! ; Dative  Sing.  Part,  of  praetereo , 295,  3. In- 

quit ; the  object  is  the  clause,  or  sentence,  “ Non  ....  maledixit ,” 
857,  I. 

101.  Orto;  from  orior . Quantum  beni5  lit.  how  much  of  a good 

thing  ; render,  how  much  good , 396,  2,  3).  Both  adjectives  are  here 
used  substantively , 441,  2. 

42  102.  €©cpit?  she  (the  woman)  began. -Illam,  that  she , i.  e.  the 

hen. Miuores;  supply  divitias. Perdidit ; from  perdo. 

103.  Deprebensns ; from  deprehendo. Mehercalc;  lit.  by  Hercu- 

les ; render,  indeed , 589,  590. 

104.  Subsiliit ; from  subsilio. Si ....  posset ; if  perchance  she 

might  be  able,  i.  e.  to  ascertain  whether  she  might,  a dependent  question, 

525,  1. Acerbae  saat  $ they  are  sour,  agreeing  with  uvae  understood. 

Repertas  ; from  reperio. Quae  ; depends  upon  assequi. 

Quae  ....  desperent;  XXIV.  2,  5). 

105.  Inliaescrat ; from  inhacreo. Qui  extrabat;  lit.  who  may 

remove  it  ; render,  that  he  may  remove  it,  or  to  remove  it,  XXIV.  3,  2). 
Hoc,  this,  i.  e.  the  removal  of  the  bone. Quum  ....  postuiaret ; 

43  XXIV.  2,  1). Yidetur  ; the  subject  is  the  clause,  quod  ....  extrax - 

isti. Extraxisti ; from  extrdho. 

103.  Propter  h©C  ipsum,  on  account  of  this  very  thing,  or  for  this 

very  reason. Qimm,  though.  Eos ; supply  esse  puniendos . 

107.  Quum  ....  sentiret;  XXIV.  2,  1). Ft  fieri  solet,  as  is 

wont  to  happen . Soiet  is  used  impersonally. Quibus  allati%  which 


NOTES. 


m 


having  been  brought , i.  e.  when  these  were  brought,  431,  2. Qstbas;  43 

see  453. AlSatas  ; from  affero,  292,  2. Qnod  ; which,  or  this , i.  e. 

the  breaking  of  the  bundle  of  rods  ; it  refers  to  the  clause,  ut ...  . fran- 
gerent. Imbedhis ; supply  res  esset  from  the  preceding  clause. 

108.  Qusmedo,  how,  i.  e.  to  determine  how. Propositts ; from 

propOno. Posse  ; depends  upon  a verb  of  saying  understood  ; for  44 

thus , they  said,  they  would  be  able , etc.,  530,  1. Memo  repertus  est, 

no  one  was  found,  i.  e.  who  would  do  it. Eepeitas  est  ; from  reperio. 

109.  Unas  ; supply  residlbat. Orta ; from  orior. Qnam  .... 

desperarest,  while  all  despaired,  etc.,  518, 11. Interrogat.  The  two 

objects  are  gubernatorem,  and  the  clause,  utrarn  ....  existimaret,  374, 4. 

Sahmerscm  iri  l Fut.  Pass.  In  fin.  of  submergo,  would  be  submerged , 

would  go  down. Preram.  The  full  form  would  be:  Proram  pri  us 

submersum  iri  existimo .- file  \ supply  dixit,  367,  3. -Qiram  .... 

slei  5 XXIV.  2,  1).- Adspeetarns  sim  ; from  adspicio. 

110.  Ilia,  she,  i.  e.  the  tortoise. §e  yolaerem  faeerc,  to  make  her 

winged,  i.  e.  to  teach  her  to  fly.— — Arreptam  5 from  arripio , agrees 
with  Warn:  the  eagle  carried  her,  seized  in  his  talons= seized  her  in  his 

talons  and  carried  her;  XX.  5;  579. SiastnIIt | from  tollo. 5a 

sabliaic,  on  high. 

111.  Jnnxerant : from  jungo. Ovis  ; supply  et  before  this  word.  45 

Prima  ; supply  pars.- — — Quartam  ; supply  partem , the  object  of  arro~ 
garc. — — IlaMtunmi  ; supply  esse , 545,  3. 


ANECDOTES. 

112.  Scicbam  ....  mortalem  5 object  of  dixisse , 357,  I. Gen» 

ulsse  \ from  gigno. Mortalem  9 agrees  with  eum  understood. 

113.  Qned,  that  which.  The  full  form  would  be,  Pens  est  id 
quod,  etc. 

1 14.  Se  ipsnm  B9S§e  ; supply  difficile  est. Mosse  ; for  novisse. 

115.  Spes  \ supply  communis  est , etc. Qiii ; supply  habent. 

116.  Bens;  supply  est,  etc. 

117.  In  pempa.  In  the  sacred  processions,  so  common  at  the  reli-  435 
gious  festivals  at  Athens,  the  consecrated  vessels  of  gold  and  silver 
were  often  displayed. 

118.  Scire  ....  nihil.  See  note  on  u Nescium  fingit”  (40,  8). 

119.  Seipio  Africanns.  This  is  the  celebrated  Roman  general  who 

conquered  Hannibal  at  Zama.  See  below  (196)  and  note  on  “ Africa- 
nus”  (196). Anteqnam  ....  precatns  esset;  XXIV.  2,  1). 


118 


LATIN  READER. 


46  120.  Gcntis  Cornelia?.  This  was  the  gens  to  which  Scipio  belonged. 

Jussit ; from  jubeo . Res  gestas,  lit.  things  done , i.  e.  deeds, 

achievements.  Gestas , participle  from  gero. 

121.  Pius  esse,  that  it,  i.  e.  the  talent,  was  more. Quod,  that 

which  ; supply  id. 

122.  Se  . . . . habere,  that  he  had  thirty  years , i.  e.  was  thirty 
years  old. 

123.  Quae  conar«ntnr$  XXIV.  2,  4). Quaesiyerimt  $ from 

quaero. 

4L7  124.  Scripsisset;  from  scribo. Cape  5 supply  ea , them,  L e. 

arms  (arma). 

125.  Quuin  ....  dixisset  5 XXIY.  2,  1). Nos  ; supply  sumus. 

126.  Prae  ....  inaltitudine,  because  of  the  multitude. 

127.  Est  propositnm  ; from  propono. 

128.  Solon  5 the  great  law-giver  of  Athens. Cur  ....  constitnis- 

set;  XXIY.  2,  2). 

129.  Sapieatem  \ this  agrees  with  rem,  and  stultam , with  rem  un- 
derstood.— —Sapiens  $ supply  es. 

130.  Qaos  5 those  which  ; supply  cos. 

m 131.  Ipsi  ; refers  to  Cornelia. Traxit;  from  traho ; detained. 

Donee  ....  redirent ; XXIY.  2,  1). Slaec,  these,  i e.  the  chil- 
dren. It  is  attracted  from  hi  to  haec , to  agree  with  the  Pred.  Noun, 
ornamenta , 4^5,  4. 

132.  Fernat,  they  report,  say.  For  the  omission  of  the  subject,  see 

460,  2. Gblmoilis  \ supply  artem. Quae,  those  things  which  ; 

supply  ea. 

133.  Bono  vi?0  pauperi,  lit.  to  a good  poor  man  ; render,  to  a good 

man  who  was  poor,  442. Minus  probato  divlti  \ to  one  less  upright,, 

who  was  rich. Filiam  5 a daughter,  not  his  daughter. Yirnm. 

Vir  means  man  in  the  noblest  sense  of  the  word,  the  true  man. 

Quae ; supply  egeat. 

134.  Achilles,  Moments.  The  former  is  the  hero  of  the  Iliad,  the 

latter,  its  author. Olympic©  eertamine,  the  Olympic  contest.  The 

Olympic  Games  were  celebrated  once  in  four  years  at  Olympia  in  Elis, 
and  were  the  most  famous  games  in  Greece.  To  be  crowned  victor  at 
these  games  was  a coveted  honor,  while  the  herald  had  but  an  humble 
office. 

135.  Profeetns;  from  proficiscor. Quam  viderct  5 XXIY.  2,  1). 

Egrederetur  5 from  egredior. 

49  136.  Tyrannorum  domination?.  This  refers  to  the  oppressive  rule 

of  the  Thirty  Tyrants  appointed  over  Athens  by  the  Spartans.  See 
below  (228).  The  city  was  liberated  from  them  by  the  heroism  of 
Thrasybulus. Qua  lit  as  gratlas,  tantas — tantas  gratia*,  quantas. 


NOTES. 


119 


PAGE 

137.  Proposnit;  from  propono. Qui  invemssei,  who  should  49 

discover.  The  Pluperfect  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  discovery 
must  precede  the  giving  of  the  reward. 

138.  Id,  that,  i.  e.  what  he  intended  to  do. 

139.  Is,  he , i.  e.  the  friend. Per  . . . indfgnationem,  with  (lit. 

through)  the  greatest  indignation. Quid  initii  tua ; supply  opus  est 

amicitid  from  the  preceding  question.  Tua  agrees  with  amicitid  to  be 
thus  supplied. 

140.  Philippo.  This  is  Philip,  king  of  Macedonia. 

141.  Titus  amor  . . . linmni*  Titus  was  the  most  beloved  of  the  50 

Homan  Emperors. Quod  nihil  praestitisset,  that  he  had  rendered  no 

service.  The  Subjunctive  implies  that  this  fact  was  the  reason  which 

the  writer  would  give  on  the  authority  of  Titus  for  the  exclamation, 

Amici ....  perdidi.  See  520,  II.  Praestitisset ; from  praesto. 

Edidit ; from  edo. 

142.  Cecidisses  from cado. Cognovit;  from  cognosco.- Coro- 

nam.  Crowns,  or  wreaths,  were  often  worn  by  the  ancient  Romans  on 

sacred  and  festive  occasions. Deposuit;  from  depdno. Yolapta- 

tem ; depends  upon  sentire. 

143.  In  lnd.  01,  Victores.  See  note  on  “ Olympico  certamine  ” 

(134). Afiectus  est;  from  afficio. Stadio,  race-course.  Races 

formed  a prominent  feature  in  the  Olympic  contests. 

144.  Progressns ; from  progredior. — —Fa  bn  las,  fables  ; here  tra- 
gedies.  lTt . . . doceret.  This  implies  that  he  aimed  to  instruct , 

rather  than  to  please  the  people. 

145.  Praesidibns,  the  presidents , or  governors , i.  e.  of  the  provinces.  51 

Praesidibus  depends  upon  rescripsit. Oncrandas ; supply  esse. 

146.  Adeem  eornm,  their  fate. Ileetorem,  Hector,  the  most  fa- 
mous Trojan  warrior. -Effliixeraat ; this  agrees  with  anni. Pins 

qnam  miile,  more  than  a thousand  years.  Plus , when  thus  introduced, 
has  no  effect  upon  the  construction ; otherwise  we  might  expect  the 
verb  effiuxerant  to  be  put  in  the  singular.  See  417,  3. 

147.  Quacsivisset ; from  quaero. Mem,  the  same  thing , i.  e.  the 

same  question. Pelivit,  he,  i.  e.  Simonides,  asked.  Duplicdret  be- 
low has  the  same  subject. Quanto  diatius — taut©  ©fesenrier,  the 

longer — the  more  obscure.  Quanto — tanto,  lit.  by  as  much  as — by  so 
much , is  often  best  rendered  before  comparatives,  the — the,  XXVI.  5. 


120 


LATIN  HEADER. 


/ 


EOIAN  HISTORY. 

PAGE 

52  148.  In  Italian).  What  construction  would  be  used  with  the  name 

of  a town  ? 379. Jauicald  ! a hill  on  the  west  side  of  the  Tiber, 

not  one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome,  though  included  within  the  wall 
built  by  Aurelian  in  the  third  century. 

149.  TToja  . . . eversa  est.  This  refers  to  the  famous  Trojan  war, 

said  to  have  taken  place  in  the  twelfth  century  B.  C. Eversa  est ; 

from  everto. Iliac,  hence , i.  e.  from  Troy. Pepercerat ; from 

par co. Ei  beeigriC  recepto  . . . dcdit,  lit.  gave  to  him  kindly  re- 

ceived : render,  received  him  kindly  and  gave , 579. Lav  ini  u si  \ a 

town  in  Latium  a few  miles  south  of  Rome. 

53  150.  Sfontc  Alb. mo.  Mount  Albanus  is  about  16  miles  southeast  of 

Rome. Earn,  himy  i.  e.  Ascanius. Genltas  erat ; iromgigno. 

Ejus.  For  whom  does  this  pronoun  stand  ? 

151.  Miner  nata;  lit.  smaller  in  respect  to  birth , or  age:  render, 
younger. Bcno,  lit.  good  things —goods,  property. 

15.°/.  Yeslaiem  virglnem.  The  Vestal  Virgins  were  the  priestesses 
of  the  goddess  Vesta:  they  ministered  in  her  temple,  and,  by  turns, 
watched  the  perpetual  fire  upon  her  altars  night  and  day.  They  were 
bound  by  an  oath  of  chastity,  whose  violation  was  punished  by  death. 

Yiro ; indirect  object  after  nubere , to  marryr=fo  veil  one's  self 

fory  in  allusion  to  the  custom  of  the  bride’s  wearing  the  veil  at  the 

marriage  ceremony. Repent ; from  pario. Hoc,  this , i.  e.  the 

fact  spoken  of  in  the  preceding  sentence. Qnam ....  comperisset. 

XXIV.  2,  1). Comperisset;  from  comperio. 

153.  Effiiderat ; from  effundo. — — Qnam  . . . . essent  posili; 
XXIV.  2,  1). Essciit  posit!;  from  pono. Siceo  $ supply  loco. 

54  154.  Sic,  thus , i.  e.  as  explained  above. Transcgerant ; from 

transigo. Q a lira  adolevisseat . . . comperissent;  XXIV.  2,  1). 

Adolcvisscut ; from  adolcsco. Qms  ; subject  of  fuisset  understood. 

Quae  . . . falsset ; XXIV.  2,  2). Aventino;  one  of  the  seven 

hills  of  Rome.  According  to  the  best  authority,  Romulus  founded  his 
city  not  on  the  Aveniine  as  here  stated,  but  on  the  Palatine , which 

stands  a little  to  the  north  of  it. Quasi  ....  circamdareiur, 

XXIV.  2,  1). 

155.  Asylum.  This  was  a place  of  refuge  where  exiles  and  even 

criminals  might  obtain  shelter  and  protection. Qouai  ....  venis- 

geat ; XXIV.  2,  1). later  ipsos  ludos,  in  the  midst  of  the  very  games. 


NOTES. 


121 


156.  Qnnm  . . . appropinqnareut ; XXIY.  2,  1). In  Tarpeiam  54 

. . . iaeidernnt.  They  fell  in  with , or  met  Tarpeia , etc. Asiatics 

....  armiilas.  Rings  and  bracelets  were  often  awarded  to  soldiers 
who  had  distinguished  themselves  in  battle. 

157.  Tarpeiam.  This  was  one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome:  it  was  55 

also  called  Capitolinus.  The  Capitol  was  built  upon  it. Forum 

Reman nsa.  This  was  an  open  space  in  the  form  of  an  irregular  quad- 
rangle between  the  Palatine  and  Capitoline  Hills.  In  this  were  held 

the  great  public  meetings  of  the  Roman  people. In  media  caede,  in 

the  midst  of  the  slaughter,  441,  6. Raptac ; supply  mulieres. 

Hine  ....  liinc,  on  the  one  side  . ...  on  the  other. 1 oedns  icit,  made 

a compact.  Ico,  lit.  to  strike,  has  reference  to  striking  and  slaying  the 

victim  in  ratification  of  treaties,  compacts,  etc. lu  urfeem  rceepit, 

lit.  received  into  the  city : the  meaning  is,  he  received  them  into  full  citi- 
zenship. 

158.  Deseripsit ; from  describo. — — Qnnm  ....  turn,  not  only 

. ...  hut  also. Quum  ....  Instraret ; XXIY.  2, 1).  Lustraret, 

reviewed,  lit.  purified , as  there  were  certain  ceremonies  appointed  for 

the  review  of  a Roman  army. Ortam  \ from  orior. Interfeetmn  \ 

from  interficio.  Supply  esse. 

159.  Interregnum.  This  was  the  interval  between  the  death  of 

one  king  and  the  accession  of  his  successor  to  the  throne.  In  this  in- 
stance the  government  was  administered  by  the  senate. Elapse ; 

from  elahor. Nat  as  $ from  nascor. Gessit ; from  gero. Rge- 

riae  motiiln  . . . dieebat.  This  was  the  device  of  Numa  to  give  sanc- 
tity to  his  institutions,  as  Egeria  was  a goddess. Morbo  decessifc,  lit. 

died  from  disease , i.  e.  died  a natural  death. 

160.  Snccessit;  from  succedo. Pracstiterat ; from  praesto. 56 

Horatiornm  et  Cariatiorom.  After  the  necessary  preparations  for  hos- 
tilities had  been  made  both  by  the  Aibans  and  the  Romans,  and  the 
two  armies  were  already  drawn  up  face  to  face,  it  was  agreed  to  decide 

the  question  of  supremacy  by  a combat  between  the  three  brothers,  the 
Horatii,  on  the  part  of  the  Romans,  and  the  three  Curiatii,  also  broth- 
ers, on  the  part  of  the  Albans.  The  Curiatii  were  all  slain ; one  of 
the  Horatii  survived ; his  victory  therefore  decided  the  question  in 

favor  of  Rome.  See  Schmitz's  Hist.  Rome. Perfidiam  Mctii  Snffetii. 

Metius  Suffetius,  dictator  of  the  Albans,  having  been  summoned  by  the 
Romans  to  aid  them  against  the  Yeientines,  drew  off  his  forces  at  the 
very  moment  of  battle,  and  awaited  the  issue  of  the  engagement.  For 
this  perfidy  he  was  put  to  death,  and  Alba  was  razed  to  the  ground. 

See  Schmitz's  Hist.  Rome. A unis.  What  is  the  common  construc- 

tion for  duration  of  time  ? 378. 

161.  Nova  ei  moenia  dreumdedit.  The  same  thought  may  be  ex- 

6 


122 


LATIN  KEADEE. 


PAGE 

56  pressed  thus:  Navis  earn  moembus  circumdedit ; in  which  earn  is  the 

direct  object , and  moembus , the  ablative  of  means.  384,  II.  1. 

Morbo  obiit.  Compare  morbo  decessit  (159). 

162.  (£ai  ....  Tarqniniis  accepit.  He  was  called  Tarquinius  from 
the  city  Tarquhiii  in  Etruria,  where  he  lived  many  years. 

57  163.  Mmorsmi  gentium^  supply  patres,  or  senatot  cs.  1 CC  p^scoSt 

lit.  nor  a few  ; render,  and  not  a few.— — AdemptOS,  from  adimo. 

Irmmphans,  triumphing— in  triumph.  The  honor  of  entering  Rome 
with  an  imposing  triumphal  procession  was,  in  later  times,  often  award- 
ed to  victorious  generals.— — CapuGlium.  The  term  Capitol  was  some- 
times applied  to  the  temple  of  Jupiter,  and  sometimes  to  the  whole 

Capitoline  Hill,  including  both  the  temple  and  the  citadel. Per  Anci 

fiiios.  What  is  the  usual  construction  for  the  agent  after  passive 
verbs  ? 414,  5. 

164.  Genitns ; from  gigno. Adolevisset ; from  adolesco. 

165.  Tanaquil  . . . diceiis,  regem  . . . obediret.  This  was  the  de- 

vice which  Tanaquil,  the  widow  of  the  murdered  Tarquin,  employed  to 
place  her  son-in-law,  Servius  Tullius,  upon  the  throne.  Her  success  was 
complete. -Dkeas.  What  is  the  direct  object  of  this  transitive  par- 
ticiple ? 550. — — Convalnisset  $ from  convalesco. Montes  tres«  The 

Viminal , Esquihne , and  Coelian  Hills  are  undoubtedly  meant,  though 
the  Coelian  was  probably  added  under  the  reign  of  Ancus  Marcius.  The 
other  four  of  the  seven  hills,  the  Palatine , Capitoline , Quirinal , and 

Aventine , were  already  occupied. Censnm*  The  census  was  taken 

every  five  years  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  number  of  citizens, 
the  amount  of  property,  etc. In  agris,  in  the  fields , i.  e.  in  the  coun- 

try, or  territory  about  Rome. 

186.  laterfectns  est$  from  interficio. Qiram  . . . rcdiret  $ 

XXIV.  2,  1). 

167.  Cognomen  . . meruit ; he  was  called  Superbus , because  his 

character  deserved  the  title. -Moribus;  observe  the  difference  of 

meaning  between  the  singular  and  the  plural,  132. 

58  168.  In  exitiam,  lit.  into  the  destruction ; render,  for  the  destruc- 
tion. What  cases  does  in  admit,  and  with  what  significations?  435,  1. 
Ei,  against  him , indirect  object. 

169.  Consnles*  The  consuls  were  joint  presidents  of  the  Roman 
Commonwealth,  with  all  the  power  and  most  of  the  insignia  of  office 

which  the  kings  had  assumed. Annamn,  for  one  year. Placuerat, 

lit.  it  had  pleased,  seemed  good  ; render,  it  had  been  determined. 

Tarqnmiorum  familia*  Collatinus  belonged  to  this  family.  He  was 

accordingly  deprived  of  his  office  and  went  into  exile. In  ejns  locum, 

lit.  into  his  place : here,  by  a difference  of  idiom,  it  must  be  rendered, 
in  his  place. 


NOTES. 


123 


PAGE 

170.  Sese  inyicem,  lit.  themselves  in  turn  ; render,  each  other. 59 

Luxerunt;  from  lugeo. Qaiiiqne  consales*  One  consul  had  been 

deprived  of  his  office  during  the  year,  one  had  been  slain  in  battle,  and 
another  had  died. 

171.  Horatius  ....  esset.  This  achievement  of  Horatius  Codes, 
and  that  of  Mucius  Scaevola,  mentioned  below  (172),  became  famous  in 
the  annals  of  Rome.  They  have  been  celebrated  in  prose  and  verse. 

See  Macaulay’s  Lays  of  Ancient  Rome. Donee  . . . ruptus  esset, 

XXIY.  2,  1). — —Ad  SUOS,  to  his  friends , companions. 

172.  Castra;  observe  difference  of  meaning  between  the  singu- 
lar and  the  plural.  132. Seribam  pro  rege.  He  mistook  the  secre- 
tary for  the  king. Terror©!,  endeavored  to  terrify.  469,  1. 

Donee  ....  consnmpta  esset.  XXIV.  2,  1). Consenuit;  from  60 

consenesco. 

173.  Exaetos;  from  exigo. Qnestas  ; from  queror. Qnod 

. . . . exlianriretur  \ XXIV.  2,  1). Secessit;  from  secedo. Pa- 

tres,  senators , see  above  (158).- Qui  ....  conciliaret  $ XXIV.  3,  2). 

Tribnni  plebis.  The  tribunes  were  at  first  two  in  number,  then 

five,  and  finally  ten.  Their  persons  were  sacred  and  they  were  clothed 
with  great  power.  They  might  at  any  time,  by  their  power  of  veto , ar- 
rest the  action  of  the  magistrates,  or  even  of  the  senate. 

174.  Milliarinm  nrbis,  lit.  milestone  of  the  city  ; render,  milestone 
from  the  city.  The  Roman  roads  were  furnished  with  milestones  mark- 
ing the  distance  from  the  city. 

175.  Dace  Fablo  cons  ale,  lit.  Fabius  the  consul  (being)  leader ; 61 

render,  under  the  command  of  Fabius  the  consul. Qaimi  . . . . vi- 

cissent,  XXIV.  2, 1). Pellexisseat ; from  pellicio. Exorto*,  from 

exorior. Perierunt ; from  pereo. Potuerat  \ from  possum. 

Prudenti  cimctatione,  by  prudent  delay.  Fabius,  in  the  second  Punic 
war,  deliberately  adopted  the  policy  of  weakening  Hannibal  by  delay , i.  e. 

by  not  allowing  him  an  engagement.  His  policy  was  entirely  successful. 

176.  In  eo  erant,  at  ...  . emerent,  they  were  in  this , i.  e.  in  such 
a condition,  that  they  would  purchase  ; the  meaning  is,  they  were  on  the 
point  of  purchasing. 

177.  Magnitndme.  What  other  case  might  have  been  used?  396,  IV. 

Provocavit,  challenged. Dine,  hence , i.  e.  from  the  fact  of  taking  69 

the  torquis  and  adorning  himself  with  it.  Torquati  is  derived  from 
torquis. 

178.  Cam  honore  dictatoris,  with  the  rank  of  dictator . The  dictator 

was  appointed  only  in  times  of  great  danger,  and  was  invested  with  al- 
most unlimited  power  for  a period  of  six  months. Magistro  equitnm. 

This  is  the  title  of  an  officer  always  appointed  in  connection  with  the 
dictator,  or  by  him. Oecasioilfim  naetas,  taking  advantage  of  a fa- 


124 


LATIN  READER. 


62  vorable  opportunity. Nactus  ; from  nanciscor. -Capitis,  lit.  of  (he 

head  ; render,  to  death. 

179.  Post,  afterwards.- Quid  ....  putarct;  XXIY.  2,  2). 

63  Respond!!.  What  is  the  direct  object?  550. Dimittendos  ; supply 

esse. Sub  jugum*  The  yoke  was  thus  used  as  the  symbol  of  sub- 

mission and  servitude ; it  consisted  of  a spear  supported  horizontally 
by  two  others  placed  in  an  upright  position. 

180.  Quia  ....  fecsssent.  If  this  reason  had  been  given  on  the 

authority  of  the  narrator,  the  indicative  would  have  been  used.  The 
subjunctive  implies  that  this  was  the  reason  then  alleged  for  waging  the 
war.  See  520,  II. Primum  . . . transmarine  lioste.  Their  pre- 
vious wars  had  been  waged  with  various  nations  in  Italy  and  Gaul. 

Quum  ....  cepisset;  XXIV.  2,  1).- Qnaeeunque  ....  ageren- 

tnr;  XXIV.  2,  8). 

181.  Auxilio  elephant  ©rum.  The  Romans  had  never  before  met 

elephants  in  battle,  and  indeed  were  unacquainted  with  the  animal.  The 
battle  was  fought  in  Lucania ; accordingly  the  Romans  called  the  ele- 
phants Lucanian  oxen,  boves  Lucae. Per  noctem,  during  the  night. 

Adversis  vulneribus,  with  wounds  in  front:  it  was  a disgrace  to 

receive  a wound  in  the  back. Etiam  mortuos,  even  in  death. -Ego 

....  subigerem ; in  apposition  with  voce . 

182.  Perrexit ; from  per  go. Octavo  decimo.  What  other  form 

Gdt  of  this  numeral  is  common?  174. Be  captivis  redimendis;  lit.  con- 

cerning captives  to  be  ransomed:  the  meaning  is,  to  treat  concerning 
the  ransoming  of  captives. — — Fabricium*  Fabricius  was  celebrated  for 

his  integrity.  See  note  on  “ Fabricius  ” above  (49,  6). Ft  .... 

promitteret  ; XXIV.  2,  5). Contemptus  cst ; from  contemno . 

183.  Qanm  . . . teneretur ; XXIV.  2,  1).- — Qui  . . . prete- 

ret,  lit.  who  should  seek  : render,  that  he  might  ask,  or  to  ask  ; XXIV. 
3,  2). Ft  Pyrrhus  ....  obtineret.  This  clause  expresses  the  con- 

dition on  which  Cineas  was  to  ask  peace,  and  may  accordingly  be  re- 
garded as  in  apposition  with  conditione.  495,  3. Ex  Italia*  What 

construction  would  be  used,  if  the  name  of  a town  should  be  substituted 

here?  421,  II. Rediisset;  from  redeo , 295,  3. Pyrrho;  indirect 

object  of  respondit  ; the  direct  object  is  the  clause,  se  regum  pair  1am 
vidisse . 550. -Qualis  ....  visa  CSSCt.  XXIV.  2,  2). 

184.  Aitero,  second. Interfecti;  supply  sunt. Yinctum ; from 

vincio , bound , or  in  chains. 44  Illc  . . . ab  honestatc  . . . potest.5* 

This  entire  sentence,  as  a direct  quotation,  is  the  object  of  dixisse , 357, 1. 

She  cst  Fabricius  quit  Fabricius  is  that  one  who , i.  e.  the  man, 

who. Honestatc;  supply  averti  potest. A Tarento.  What  is  the 

common  construction?  423,  I.  ; 423,  1. Recessit;  from  recldo. 

65  185.  Post  urbeni  couditam,  lit.  after  the  city  built ; render,  after  the 


NOTES. 


125 


building  of  the  city , 580.  Rome,  the  city  here  spoken  of,  is  said  to  65 

have  been  founded  758  B.  C. Prim  urn  . . . dim  leaver  unt.  This 

was  the  first  naval  engagement  of  the  Romans.  Their  previous  wars 

had  been  waged  only  on  land. DniUio  . . . coiisalibus.  The  date 

of  an  event  was  generally  denoted  by  the  names  of  the  two  consids  for 
that  year ; in  the  consulship  of  Duillius  and  Asina,  lit.  Duillius , Asina, 
consuls , or  being  consuls.  These  names  are  thus  put  in  the  Ablative 
Absolute , generally  without  the  connective  et. — —Mersit ; from  mergo. 

186.  Faucis  . . . iuterjeetis,  lit.  a few  years  having  been  thrown 
between  ; render,  after  a few  years  had  intervened,  or  after  an  interval 

of  a few  years , 431,  2. Est  trail  si  atUM ; from  transfero . Sexa« 

giiita  qaattuor.  May  quattuor  stand  before  sexaginta  ? If  so,  would  et 

be  expressed,  or  omitted?  174,  foot-note  3. Viginti  duas ; supply 

naves. Amiseruut ; from  amitto. Quum  . . . venissent  •,  XXIY. 

2,  1). la  fidcai  acccperuut,  received  under  their  protection,  though 

as  subject  states. Captus ; supply  est  from  next  clause.  See  also  66 

XXVI.  4. €oajcctus  est ; from  conjicio. 

187.  Fay  it.  How  is  the  Perfect  of  this  verb  formed  ? 270.  How  is 

the  Perfect  regularly  formed  in  the  second  conjugation  ? 247,  II. 

Qimai  victi  cssent;  XXIV.  2,  1). -Ft  . . . proficisceretur  . . . et 

Impetraret.  Verbs  of  asking  take  two  Accusatives,  or  Objects:  these 
clauses  may  accordingly  be  treated  as  one  of  the  objects  of  rogaverunt, 
while  at  the  same  time  they  express  the  purpose  of  the  request.  492,  2 ; 

374,  4. Dixit.  Give  the  direct  object  of  this  verb,  550. Be&iisse ; 

from  desino. Ilia  (lie.  What  is  the  usual  gender  of  dies  ? 120.— — - 

llios,  that  they,  i.  e.  the  Carthaginians. Illos  ....  habere.  This 

infinitive-clause  does  not  strictly  depend  upon  suasit,  but  upon  a verb, 

or  participle,  signifying  to  say,  involved  in  it.  530,  1. Fraetas  ; from 

frango. Taiiti  non  esse,  that  it  was  not  of  so  much  importance = 

worth  the  while. 

188.  Puniei,  Punic,  i.  e.  Carthaginian.  The  word  is  derived  from 

Poeni. Captae,  demersae,  capta ; supply  sunt  from  occisa  sunt. 

Demersae ; from  demergo. Citra  Iberum,  on  this  side  of  the  Ebro, 

i.  e.  on  the  side  toward  Rome,  the  northern  side. Beccsseruut  $ from 

decldo. 

189.  Novem  aunos  natum,  lit.  having  been  born  nine  years : render,  67 

when  he  was  nine  years  old  ; XX.  3. Hie  . . . actatis,  he  living,  or 

passing  the  twentieth  year  of  his  age  ; render,  he  when  in  his  twentieth 

year  ; XX.  3. Qni  quum,  when  he,  i.  e.  Hannibal,  453. — - — Miser U lit. 

The  object  is  legutos  understood,  though  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  sup- 
ply it  in  translating. Socios5  the  allies,  meaning  the  citizens  of  Sa- 

guntum. Reddita ; supply  sunt. 

190.  Fratre  . . . relicto.  Hannibal  left  his  brother  in  Spain  to 


12(5 


LATIN  BEADEE. 


PAGE 

67  take  care  of  that  province  in  his  absence. Traaslit  5 from  transeot 

295,  3. Traditur,  he,  i.  e.  Hannibal,  is  said. Sc  coiijanxerimt. 

Why  is  se  here  used,  rather  than  eos  or  illos  ? 449,  I. Bedidernnt  5 

6§  from  dedo. Progressiis  5 from  progredior. IntcrcmptUS  5 from 

interimo  ; supply  est. 

191.  Qaingentesimo  daodequadragesimo.  For  combination  of  nu- 
merals, see  174,  4. Intellectual  erat ; from  intelligo.  The  infinitive- 

clause,  Hannibdlem  . . . posse , is  the  subject. Mora*  The  Roman 

general,  Fabius,  had  adopted  with  great  success  the  policy  of  weakening 
Hannibal  by  delay , i.  e.  by  not  allowing  him  an  engagement.  See  above 

(175). Victi,  capti,  occisi;  supply  sunt  with  each  participle. 

Ferierunt  5 from  pereo. Quod.  This  relative  does  not  relate  to  any 

particular  word  as  its  antecedent,  but  to  the  leading  proposition,  or  the 
fact  mentioned  in  it ; the  relative  is  accordingly  neuter,  as  clauses  used 
substantively  uniformly  take  that  gender,  35,  III.  2. Factum ; sup- 

ply erat . 

192.  OMalit;  from  offero . Here  obtulit  takes  Romanis  as  its  in- 
direct object,  while  the  direct  object  appears  in  the  form  of  a clause, 
viz.  ut  captivos  redimerent.  This  is  plainly  the  offer  made  to  the  Ro- 
mans ; but  this  clause  also  states  the  purpose  of  the  offer,  viz.  that  they 
might  ransom  the  prisoners.  Hence  the  subjunctive  redimerent.  492. 

Qai  . . . petnissent,  who  had  been  able  ; XXIY.  2,  5). Armati. 

The  senate  regarded  it  as  a disgrace,  that  any  should  be  captured  so 

long  as  they  had  arms  to  defend  themselves. Aareornm  anna! drum* 

See  note  on  the  same  (G7,  6). Hos  omacs.  Observe  position  at  the 

beginning  of  the  sentence  to  mark  emphasis.  594,  I. Dctraxcrat ; 

from  detraho.  IIow  is  the  Perfect  formed  ? 248,  I.  1. MasdrnbfJ 

....  exercitu.  See  above  (190,  line  1). Itemanserat ; from  re- 

maneo. Baolms  SdpionibES.  These  were  Cnaeus  Cornelius  Scipio 

and  Publius  Cornelius  Scipio,  the  latter  the  father  of  Publius  Cornelius 
Scipio  Africanus,  who  defeated  Hannibal  at  Zama.  See  below  (198). 

193.  Res  prosperc  gesta  est,  a successful  battle  was  fought.  In  a 

military  sense,  remgero  frequently  has  this  meaning. Magna m knjns 

€9  insnlae  partem.  For  arrangement  of  words,  see  598,  3. Inde, 

thence , i.  e.  from  Syracuse. In  Macedonia.  What  construction 

would  have  been  used,  if  this  had  been  the  name  of  a totem  instead  of 

that  of  a country?  421,  II. In  deditionem  aeeepit,  lit.  received  into 

stir  render  ; the  meaning  is,  accepted  the  terms  of  a surrender. ile» 

gressns  est  5 from  regredior. 

194.  Buo  SeipiORCS.  See  duobus  Scipionibus  (192)  and  note  on  the 
same.  They  were  both  slain  in  battle  within  a month  of  each  other, 

in  the  year  212  B.  C. Hie,  paer  daodeviginli  anrumiat,  he  when  a 

boy  eighteen  years  of  age , 363,  3. Post  eladem  CaBiiensefflj  after  the 


NOTES. 


127 


defeat  at  Cannae  (191). Yiginti  quattuor  ....  natfiS,  lit.  having  69 

been  born  twenty-four  years  ; render,  when  twenty  four  years  of  age. 

Carthaginem  Novam,  New  Carthage , a city  in  Spain,  founded  soon 

after  the  first  Punic  war  by  Hasdrubal,  brother-in-law  of  HannibaL  It 
was  named  after  Carthage  in  Africa ; its  present  name  is  Carthagena . 

Pareetibus,  to  their  parents. Transierunt ; from  transeo. 

195.  Crealus;  supply  est . — —MillifeiiS  . . . militibus.  When  is 
millia  followed  by  the  Genitive  and  when  by  its  own  case  ? 178.- — - 
Qua  re  audita,  lit.  which  thing  having  been  heard  ; render,  having  heard 
this , or  on  hearing  this , 431,  2,  3). 

196.  Plus  semel—  plus  quam  semel , more  than  once.- Ad  Zamam,  *70 

near  Zama. Pcritissimi  duces,  Hannibal  and  Scipio  are  meant. 

Scipio  victor  recedit,  lit.  withdrew  victor  ; render,  left  the  field  as  victor , 

or  simply  was  victorious. Ingenti  gloria  triuiopfravit.  Compare  cum 

bigenti  gloria  . . . regressus  est  (198).- A flic  amis.  This  title  was 

conferred  upon  Scipio  in  commemoration  of  his  victories  in  Africa . 

See  also  nomen  Africani  junioris  (200). 

197.  Finite  Punico  belie*  Which  Punic  war  is  meant?  (185  and 

189).— Macedonicnm  $ supply  helium. Contra  PMlippum.  This 

limits  helium  understood,  the  war  against  Philip , 352,  II. Hegeuu 

Philip  was  king  of  Macedonia. 

198.  Refeeliavit,  rebelled,  L e.  renewed  the  war  against  Rome.— 

Rex.  What  king  ?— — Dederet,  dedldernnt  $ from  dedo.-— — -Remorum 
©rdines,  banks  of  oars.  These  were  arranged,  one  above  another,  so 
that  the  oars  belonging  to  the  highest  ordo , or  bank,  were  much  longer 
than  those  belonging  to  the  lowest.  War-vessels  generally  had  three 
banks,  and  were  accordingly  called  triremes  {ires,  remi),  but  it  was  no 
uncommon  thing  to  see  vessels  with  four  or  five  banks,  and  some  are 

said  to  have  had  thirty  or  forty. Ante  currum,  before  the  chariot,  71 

i.  e.  of  the  conqueror.  In  the  triumphal  procession,  the  captives  and 
spoils  preceded  the  chariot  of  the  victor,  while  the  victorious  army 
followed  it. 

199.  Suseeptum  est ; from  suscipio. Ibi,  there,  i.  e.  in  Africa. 

Per  Seipioucm*  What  is  the  common  construction  for  the  Agent  of 

passive  verbs  ? 414,  5. Tribuuus,  tribune,  an  officer  in  the  army 

commanding  a part  of  a legion.  The  number  of  tribunes  to  each  legion 
was  at  first  three  or  four,  afterward  six.— — Nepotem,  grandson , but 
only  by  adoption.  He  was  the  son  of  Aemilius  Paulus,  the  celebrated 
general,  who  conquered  Macedonia.  See  above  (198). 

200.  Quam  , . . esset  . . . noiucu,  when  now  the  name  of  Scipio 

was  (or,  had  become)  great  ; XXI Y.  2,  1). Missus;  supply  est. 

Aeerrime  deftosaoi,  lit.  most  valiantly  defended  ; render,  though  (it  was) 
most  valiantly  defended. Facta  ; supply  est. Piuilma,  very  many 


128 


LATIN  EEADEE. 


PAGE 

71  things,  referring  especially  to  the  works  of  art,  statues  and  votive 
offerings,  which  the  Carthaginians  had  taken  from  the  temples  of  the 
conquered  cities  in  Sicily. 

72  201.  Exortsim  est;  from  exorior. — — livitate.  Logically  this  is 

in  apposition  witli  Numaniia  implied  in  Numantinis. Victns  ; sup- 
ply est. Paces!  infomem.  The  terms  were  that  Numantia  should 

remain  free  and  independent. Tradi ; depends  upon  jussit  in  the 

line  above.- Militem  ; lit.  soldier , the  individual  representing  the 

class;  render,  soldiery. Correxit , from  corrigo. Partim — par- 

tial ; lit.  partly — partly  ; render,  either — or.  These  words  may,  how- 
ever, be  often  best  rendered  by  some — others , followed  by  of.  Thus,  he 

captured  some  of  the  many  cities  of  Spain  and  accepted  others,  etc. 

la  dcditioncm  aeeepit.  See  note  on  the  same  (193). 

202.  Anno  arhis  COllditae  . . . sexto,  in  the  six  hundred  and  sixty- 
sixth  year  from,  or  after  (lit.  of)  the  founding  of  the  city.  Urbis  con - 
ditae  is  here  equivalent  to  post  urbem  conditam  (185),  or  ab  urbe  con- 

dita  (207). Itomae.  What  case  would  have  been  used,  if  this  had 

been  a noun  of  the  third  declension?  421,  II. Mithridaticum  ; sup- 
ply helium. Marias,  Snllae.  These  generals  were  the  leaders  of 

rival  political  parties.  Marius  was  supported  by  the  common  people 
and  Sulla  by  the  nobles. Advcrsas  Mitkridatem.  This  limits  hel- 
ium, 398,' 4. QhfiM  . . . decretnm  esset;  the  meaning  is:  when  the 

management  of  the  war  had  been  entrusted  to  him  by  a decree  of  the 
Senate.  The  Subjunctive  is  here  rendered  according  to  XXIV.  2,  1 ). 

— — Decretnm  essct ; from  decerno. Ei,  i.  e.  Snllae. Qnims — tarn. 

Usual  meaning,  not  only — but  also  ; both — and,  etc. ; render  here  either 
— or. Composite ; from  compono. Profectas  est ; from  profcis- 

78  cor. — —Asia,  qaaai  invascrat.  Not  all  Asia,  but  that  portion  of  it  which 
he  had  invaded,  referring  especially  to  those  portions  of  Asia  Minor 
west  of  his  own  dominions. 

203.  In  Graecia  et  Asia.  Mithridates,  emboldened  by  his  success 
in  Asia  Minor,  had  sent  an  army  into  Greece.  Athens  and  Thebes 

were  at  this  time  in  his  possession. Fugatns  faerat.  Marius  had 

been  for  sometime  in  concealment, Enas  ex,  one  of ; lit.  one  from. 

Ingress!  $ from  ingredior. Mnltos  proscripserant,  proscribed 

many.  In  the  civil  wars,  Sulla  caused  lists  of  the  names  of  those  per- 
sons wrhom  he  wished  to  have  killed  to  be  exposed  to  public  inspection. 
Those  whose  names  were  on  these  lists  were  outlawed  or  proscribed, 
and  any  one  might  slay  them  and  claim  a reward ; their  property  wras 
confiscated,  and  their  descendants  were  excluded  from  all  offices  of 
honor  and  trust.  See  Smith's  Diet,  of  G.  and  R.  Antiquities;  also 

Schmitz's  Hist,  of  Rome. fenp liter imt ; from  compello. Saa- 

gfciae.  Gender?  Civium.  Genitive  plural,  how  formed?  89,  3,  1). 


NOTES. 


129 


Be,  lit.  concerning  ; render  in  this  instance,  over. ItalUnn),  73 

civile  ; supply  helium. Sociiiie  dictum  est ; this  is  the  predicate  of 

the  relative  clause. Viros  consnlarcs,  men  who  had  been  consuls,  i.  e. 

men  of  consular  rank  or  dignity = ex-consuls.  The  consuls,  it  will  be 
remembered,  were  two  in  number,  were  elected  for  one  year,  and  had 

all  the  powers  of  king.  See  note  on  “ Consules  " (169). Fraetorios, 

those  who  had  been  praetors.  When  the  office  of  praetor  was  first  insti- 
tuted, only  one  was  appointed,  who  was  to  act  as  a kind  of  third  consul 
with  the  leading  part  in  the  administration  of  justice ; about  a century 
later  a second  was  added,  called  praetor  peregrinus,  to  administer  jus- 
tice among  foreigners  and  strangers  resident  at  Home.  The  number  of 
praetors  was  increased  from  time  to  time,  until  at  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  wars  of  Sulla  and  Marius,  it  was  six ; and  in  the  dictatorship  of 
Sulla  it  was  raised  to  eight.  See  Smith's  Did.  of  G.  and  R.  Antiqui- 
ties, and  Schmitz's  Hist.  Rome. Aedilltlos,  those  who  had  been  aediles. 

The  aediles  (from  aedes)  were  Roman  magistrates  who  had  charge  of 
the  public  buildings,  highways,  etc.,  and  acted  as  city  police.  They 

were  at  first  two  in  number,  afterwards  more.  See  Smith's  Did. 

SenatOFCS.  The  Roman  senate  (from  senex ) was  regarded  as  a body  of 
elders  or  fathers  (patres).  The  number  was  at  first  100  (see  158),  then 
200  (see  163),  and  finally  300,  which  continued  to  be  the  number  until 
the  time  of  the  civil  wars  between  Sulla  and  Marius.  The  number  was 
then  increased  to  500  or  600  by  the  election  of  a large  body  of  Roman 
knights.  See  Smith's  Did.  ^ 

204.  Cemmoiuin  est  $ from  commoveo. Gladiatores.  Gladiators 

were  men  who  fought  for  the  amusement  of  the  Roman  people.  They 
consisted  mostly  of  prisoners,  slaves,  and  malefactors;  they  were 
trained  in  the  skilful  use  of  weapons  at  schools  established  for  the  pur- 
pose ( [ludo  gladiatorio). Capuae,  at  Capua. Mannib&l ; subject  74 

oimovit  understood. Contraxerunt ; from  contralto:  explain  for- 
mation of  the  Perfect;  248,  I.  1. Yicerunt *,  from  vinco. Pro- 

CGESnle.  The  proconsul , as  the  name  implies,  was  one  who  acted  with 

the  power  of  a consul.  Those  who  had  been  consuls  ( viri  co?isuldres) 
were  often  allowed  to  assume  the  government  of  provinces,  and  to  ex- 
ercise in  these  provinces  all  the  powers  of  a consul ; they  were  then 

called  proconsuls.- Italiae.  Is  this  genitive  objective , or  subjective  ? 

396,  II. 

205.  Per  ilia  tempora#  How  could  tempora  be  governed  without 

the  preposition  ? 378.  Per  makes  the  idea  of  duration  more  promi- 
nent, throughout  those  times. Maria  ; rule  for  ending  of  Nom.  Plur.  ? 

88,  II.  2. Id  hellfim,  this  war , i.  e.  that  against  the  pirates. Dc- 

cretnni  est ; from  decerno.  For  the  meaning  see  note  on  “ Quum  .... 
decrituin  esset"  (202). Menses $ give  gender,  106,  2. Centra 

6* 


130 


LATIN  READER. 


74  regem#  This  limits  helium. Quo  suseepto,  lit.  which  having  been 

undertaken  ; render,  having  undertaken  this  ; 431,  2,  (3). Tati  turn, 

only. -Coactus ; from  cogo. Hansit ; from  haurio. Etmc  vitae 

finem#  For  the  order  of  these  words,  see  598,  3,  and  for  their  position 
at  the  beginning  of  the  sentence,  see  594,  I. 

206.  tile  se  ei.  What  nouns  are  represented  by  these  pronouns  ? 

75  Dedidit ; from  dedo. Grandi  petunia,  a large  sum  of  money , 

according  to  Plutarch,  6,000  talents,  more  than  $6,000,000. Selen- 

eiam  libertate  donavit#  What  two  constructions  occur  ? 384,  l.: 

Qaia  . . . tnlerat $ quod  . . . recepisset#  These  are  both  causal  clauses. 
The  first,  with  the  Indicative , states  the  reason  as  a fact. , while  the  se- 
cond, with  the  Subjunctive,  implies  that  the  reason  was  assigned  by 

Pompey.  520. Gctisis  $ from  occido. His  gestis,  lit.  by  means 

of  these  things  done , i.  e.  by  these  achievements , Abi.  of  Means,  414,  4. 

liitiqnissimo  hello#  This  war  continued  nearly  thirty  years. — — 

Ante  trinmpliautis  cnrraui,  lit.  before  the  chariot  of  (him)  triumphing  ; 
render,  before  his  chariot , as  he  triumphed,  referring  to  the  triumphal 
procession. Filii  Mitbridatis#  They  were  five  in  number. In- 

finitum pouting#  According  to  Plutarch,  this  amounted  to  20,000 

talents,  more  than  $20,000,000. Grbem  terraram,  strictly  the  world, 

but  sometimes  used  by  the  Romans  with  special  reference  to  the  Ro- 
man Empire. 

207.  Cicerone  et  Antonio  cousulliras,  lit.  Cicero  and  Antony  (being) 

consuls  : render,  when  Cicero  and  Antony  were  consuls,  or,  in  the  con- 
sulship of  Cicero,  etc. Bcprelicasi  \ from  deprehendo.  Supply 

sunt  from  the  next  clause. 

208.  Qimm  ....  decreta  esset,  when  Gaid  had  been  assigned  to  him 

by  decree,  i.  e.  as  a military  province  ; XXIV,  2,  1). Vincendo  pro- 

7$*  CCSSit,  proceeded  by  conquering,  i.  e.  advanced  victoriously. Ocean nm 

Britannicum,  British  Ocean,  i.  e.  the  English  Channel. Omnem  Ch'I- 

liam  quae,  etc.  Not  all  Gaul,  but  that  portion  which  is  bounded  as 

described. Ne  nomen  qnidem,  not  even  the  name  ; 602,  III.  2. 

Cognitnm  5 from  cognosco. 

209.  Absens#  It  was  unlawful  for  a general,  ,while  in  command  of 

an  army,  to  offer  himself  as  a candidate  for  the  consulship,  and  indeed 
for  any  one  to  do  so  while  absent  from  Rome.  Caesar  was  both  absent 
from  Rome  and  in  command  of  an  army. Quern  qnnm  . . . deter- 

rent, contradictnm  est,  etc.,  when  many  would  confer  this,  etc.,  opposi- 
tion (or,  objection)  was  made. -Di missis  5 from  dimitto. Transiit  5 

from  transeo. Dietatorem#  See  note  on  “ Diciatoris  ” (178). 

210.  lode,  thence,  i.  e.  from  Rome. Hispanias,  Spain.  The 

plural  is  often  used,  as  the  country  was  divided  into  two  parts,  viz. 
citerior,  on  this  side  of  the  Ebro,  i.  e.  on  the  side  toward  Rome,  and 


NOTES. 


131 


pag  a 

ulterior,  beyond  the  Ebro. Ne®  ....  snpcrari.  This  entire  clause  V6 

is  the  object  of  dixit.  550. Nee,  and  not , 587,  I.  2. — — Vincere. 

This  is  the  object  of  scire  ; Caesar  said  that  Porapey  did  not  know 

(what  ?)  to  conquer , or  how  to  conquer . lugentibus  ....  camrnissis, 

with  great  forces  engaged  on  both  sides. Pugnatum  est,  the  battle  was  77 

fought. Birepta  sunt ; from  diripio. A rege  Aegypti#  This  king 

was  the  last  of  the  Ptolemies  and  the  brother  of  Cleopatra. ©ccidit ; 

slew,  though  not  with  his  own  hands.  He  employed  men  to  do  it. 

deneri#  Pompey  had  married  Julia,  the  daughter  of  Caesar  ; while  she 
lived,  she  was,  of  course,  a strong  bond  of  union  between  the  two,  but 
she  had  died  six  years  before  the  battle  of  Pharsalia. 

211.  Qua  de  causa,  for  which  cause.  For  the  order  of  words,  see 
602,  II.  1.— Pompeiauarnm  ....  reiiquias,  the  remnant  of  Pompey' s 
party.  — IflSOlcntias  agere.  He  allowed  himself  to  be  proclaimed  con- 
sul for  ten  years,  imperator  and  dictator  for  life.  This  was  a virtual 

overthrow  of  the  Roman  Republic. Conjuratum  est , a conspiracy 

was  formed. Sexaginta  vd  ampllus,  sixty  or  more. Inter  conju- 

ratos ; lit.  among  the  having  conspired , i.  e.  among  the  conspirators. 

Brut!  duo  ; viz.  Marcus  and  Decimus. films  Rruii#  See  above 

(169). Regibus  expnlsis,  lit.  the  Icings  having  been  banished;  ren- 

der, after  the  banishment  of  the  kings .- — — QuuBl  . . . VClilsset , XXIV. 

2,  1). Confossus  est ; from  confodio. 

212.  laterfecto  $ from  inter jieio.- — -A  €aesaris  part-liras  stabat,  7® 
favored  the  party  of  Caesar  (stood  by  the  party,  etc.). — - — -Magister 
cquitum*  See  note  on  “ Magistro  equitum  ” (178). — — Susceptus  est ; 

from  suscipio. Oetayianus#  He  was  the  son  of  Octavius,  but  was 

adopted  by  Julius  Caesar,  with  the  name  Octavianus  Caesar. Patris 

sui,  i.  e.  his  father  by  adoption,  Julius  Caesar. Extorsit  \ from  ex- 

tor  queo. Pi  . . . daretur.  This  clause  expresses  both  the  direct 

object  of  extorsit  and  the  purpose  of  the  action  : Caesar  extorted  (what  ?) 
i'.iai  the  consulship  should  be  given,  and  (for  what  purpose  ?)  in  order 
that  it  might  be  given.  See  492,  1. tiginti  aim  ©rum#  The  age  re- 
quired by  law  was  forty-three. Juuctus  \ from  jungo. Proscrlp- 

sit#  See  note  on  “ Proscripslrunt”  (203).— — -Per  bos#  By  whom? 

213.  Profeetl.  This  is  in  the  plural  to  agree  with  Octavianus  et 

Antonins. Second© ; supply proelio. InSiiitam  noMlitatem,  quae, 

lit.  the  infinite  nobility,  which  ; render,  the  countless  nobles,  who. 

Yictam  raterfecerunt,  lit.  they  slew  (them)  being  conquered ; render, 

they  conquered  and  slew.  See  579. Hispanias.  See  note  on  this 

word  (210). Gails  as.  The  plural  is  used  because  the  Romans  divided  79 

the  country  into  two  parts,  viz.  Gallia  ulterior  or  Transalpine,  or  Gaul 
beyond  the  Alps  ; and  Gallia  citerior  or  Cisalpina , or  Gaul  on  this 
side  of  the  Alps  ; i.  e.  on  the  si  do  toward  Rome. 


132 


LATIX  BEADEE. 


VAGH 

79  214.  Repadiata  sorore.  Antony  had  married  Octavia,  the  sister  of 

Octavianus. UxoreMi  duxit,  married,  lit.  lead  as  wife.  The  language 

is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  bride  was  usually  conducted  to  her 
new  home  by  her  husband  and  friends.  See  note  on  “ Nubcre  ” (152). 

Qui  locus.  The  relative  here  has  only  the  force  of  an  adjective. 

Desperatis  rebus,  lit.  things  having  been  despaired  of  ; render,  as 

his  cause  was  desperate  (or  hopeless). Interemit ; from  interimo. 

Ex  CO  inde  tempore,  from  this  time,  or  from  this  time  forth,  hide 
need  not  be  translated. An te;  Adverb,  before,  or  previously. 


GRECIAN  HISTORY. 

50  215.  Fugnac  ....  faeereut,  did  not  give  him  an  opportunity  of 

coming  to  an  engagement.  XXIY.  2,  1). Ponte  Istri,  the  bridge 

over  the  Ister,  i.  e.  the  Danube  ; lit.  the  bridge  of  the  Isier. Qimm 

rediisset  $ XXIY.  2,  1);  518,  II. Eique.  Ei  refers  to  the  fleet. 

216.  Praefeeti  regii,  the  royal  commanders,  i.  e.  Datis  and  Arta- 

phemes. Appnlsa;  from  appello. In  Csmpain  Marathon  a,  into 

51  the  plain  of  Marathon.  For  ending  a,  see  93,  1. Ab  ©ppido,/row 

the  city,  i.  e.  from  Athens. Cireiter  ....  decern . The  distance  by 

any  suitable  road  was  somewhat  greater  than  this. Ea,  this,  i.  e.  this 

state  ; supply  civitas. Decem  ....  com  pi  eta  sunt,  the  number  of  ten 

thousand  armed  men.  v)as  completed,  or  filled  up.  Thus  there  were  9000 

Athenians  and  1000  Plataeans. Sub  mantis  radieibus,  at  the  base  of 

the  mountain. Conimsserniit  $ from  committo. Snis,  for  his  men, 

441,  1. Tanto  plus,  so  much  more. 

217.  Quum  Darius  deeessisset,  when  Darius  had  died;  XXIY. 

2,  1). Decessissct ; from  decldo. 111  ipso  apparatn,  in  the  midst 

of  his  very  preparations,  i.  e.  while  actually  engaged  in  preparing  for  a 

second  invasion. Eajus  classis,  the  feet  of  this  one,  i.  e.  Xerxes ; 

render  his  fleet. Xavium  longarum,  ships  of  war,  called  longae,  be- 

cause they  were  built  much  longer  than  the  ships  of  burden  ( oneraria - 

rum). Nayicm  ....  fuit,  was  of ...  . ships,  i.  e.  consisted  of,  etc. 

De  adventu.  This  is  an  attributive  modifier  of  fama, — the  report 

of  his  approach. Peti,  to  be  aimed  at. Miserunt  DelpliOS,  they 

sent  to  Delphi  ; object  omitted,  sent  messengers.  The  Delphic  oracle 
was  the  most  famous  in  Greece. De  rebus  snis,  lit.  concerning  their 

S3  things,  i.  e.  for  their  safety. Id  ....  valerct,  what  this  answer 

fJt  ....  conferrent.  This  clause  is  the  predicate  after  esse, 


NOTES. 


183 


as  it  states  what  the  design  was. Earn — ligneara,  for  that  that  §58 

wooden  ivall  was  meant , etc.,  i.  e.  that  that  was  the  wooden  wall  meant, 

etc. Triremes*  See  note  on  “ Remorum  ordines  ” (198). Majo- 

ribas  nata,  old  or  aged  men , elders. 

218.  Hojas  eOBsHinm,  the  plan  of  this  one , i.  e.  Themistocles. 

©electi,  picked  men. Qoi . . . . ©csuparent ; XXIY.  3,  2. Tlicr- 

mopyias.  Thermopylae  is  a narrow  pass  between  Locris  and  Thessaly, 
immortalized  as  the  scene  of  one  of  the  most  remarkable  instances  of 
heroic  daring  and  self  sacrifice  recorded  in  history,  that  of  Leonidas  and 
his  three  hundred  Spartans,  here  mentioned. Barbados,  Barbarians, 

1.  e.  the  Persians.  The  term  was  applied  to  all  who  were  not  Greeks. 

Non  sustinnerimt*  They  were  unable  to  resist  the  overwhelming 

force  brought  against  them,  but  they  performed  prodigies  of  valor  unsur- 
passed in  the  annals  of  war. Classis  ....  navi  am,  the  common 

fed  of  Greece  (i.  e.  the  fleet  of  all  Greece),  consisting  of  etc. An* 

gnstias*  The  narrow  channel,  Euripus , between  Boeotia  and  Euboea, 

is  here  meant. Ancipiti  perieal®,  by  a double  danger , i.  e.  by  being 

confined  in  the  channel  with  one  foe  in  front  and  another  in  the  rear. 

Ex&dversnin  Athenas,  over  against  Athens.  Exadversum , like  ad- 

versum , admits  the  Accus.,  433. 

219.  Tiiermopylis  5 see  above  (218). Asia,  the  city , i.  e.  Athens.  @SS 

The  word  is  often  thus  applied. -Idqae,  and  this , i.  e.  the  city  of 

Athens. Cnjas,  of  this,  i.  e.  of  the  burning  of  the  city. Themis- 

toeles  anas  restitif,  Themistocles  alone  stood  firm , objected- IJniver- 

SOS,  all  together , united. Idqne  ....  affirmabat,  lit.  he  affirmed  to 

Eurybiades  that  this  would  be,  etc.,  i.  e.  he  assured  him  that  this  would 

be  the  result. Snmniae,  dative  depending  upon  praeerat.  386. 

De  seiYis  sals,  qnem,  etc.,  one  of  his  servants , whom , etc. Sals  ver- 
bis, in  his  words , i.  e.  in  his  name,  from  him. Nantlaret*  This 

verb  has  ei  as  its  indirect  object,  and  all  the  rest  of  the  sentence  after 
verbis  as  its  direct  object.  650. Ctmfeetsirnm  ; supply  cum,  refer- 
ring to  the  king. Oppressaram  ; from  opprimo. Hoe  eo  valebat, 

the  object  of  this  teas. Barbaras,  barbarian,  meaning  Xerxes. 

Contra,  on  the  contrary,  on  the  other  hand. Explicari,  to  be  unfold- 

ed, i.  e.  to  be  brought  into  successful  action. 

220.  flic  etsi  ....  gesserat,  although  he  (Xerxes)  had  fought  an 

unsuccessful  battle;  516,  III. Ut  ....  pcsset  liGStes ; XXIV. 

2,  5). Ab  eodem,  by  the  same  one,  i.  e.  Themistocles : eodem,  it  @4 

must  be  observed,  does  not  belong  to  gradu. Gradu,  from  his  po- 
sition.  Certiorem  fecit;  XXVI.  1. Id  agi,  lit.  that  it  was  doing  ; 

render,  was  in  contemplation. la  Hellespont,  over  the  Hellespont. 

Ileversas  est ; from  reverto,  revertor,  Dep.  in  certain  forms.  See 

273,  III.  verto. I'm  as  viilj  of  one  man,  i.  e.  Themistocles. 


134 


LATIN  READER. 


84  221.  Qua T&=postquam  ; 427,  3. fnteifectns  est5  destroyed,  ml 

in  pieces. 

222.  Peridls#  Pericles,  a distinguished  orator  and  statesman  of 
Athens,  directed  the  counsels  of  state  for  many  years.  The  period  in 
which  he  lived  is  famous  in  Grecian  history  as  the  “ Age  of  Pericles .” 

§5  Interjectis ; from  interjicio. — — Clara  ; observe  its  position ; 

594,  I. Patrimonii  cootemptas,  disregard  of  patrimony,  referring 

to  the  fact  that  he  gave  his  ancestral  estates  to  the  republic,  as  ex- 
plained below. Hostes ; subject  of  reliquerant. In  suspicion  eni 

addneerent ; supply  eum  ; that  they  might  bring  him  into  suspicion  of 

treachery. Navali  ....  tiimicatum  est,  lit.  it  was  fought , etc. ; 

render,  a naval  battle  icas  fought. Noil  nisi5  lit.  not  if  not , or  un- 

less ; render,  not  more  than , or  only. 

223.  Decernitur,  is  decreed , or  authorized. Effnsae  sunt ; from 

ejfundo. Pt  . . . essent ; XXIV.  2,  5). Its,  quibns  ; i.  e.  to  the 

Catinienses. Secnndo  Marte  pugnant,  lit.  they  fight , Mars  being  pro- 
pitious ; render,  they  fight  a successful  battle , or  successfully. Ah  iiiSj 

by  these , i.  e.  the  Lacedaemonians. -Contraetis  $ from  contralto. 

§6  224.  Triremes.  See  note  on  “ Remdrum  ordines  ” (198). In 

liostium  potestatem9  into  the  power  of  the  enemy.  In  is  construed  with 

potestaiem.  Observe  separation,  602,  II.  3. Sinml  cum,  at  the  same 

time  with , or  simply  with. Sitae  sunt ; from  sino. Quain  pluri- 

mas.  Quam  before  a superlative  is  intensive,  and  is  often  bes£  ren- 
dered by  possible  ; as,  quam  plurimas , the  greatest  possible  number , as 

many  as  possible , or  sometimes  very  many. Neque  minus  mnltas, 

lit.  nor  less  many —and  not  less  many— and  as  many  more. 

225.  Darius.  This  was  Darius  the  Second , and  not  the  one  spoken 

§?  of  above  (215). lit  ....  mitterent ; XXIV.  2,  5). In  . . . 

locum 5 lit.  into  the  place  of ; render,  to  take  the  place  of  ',  to  succeed. 

226.  Pt  numerus  ....  expleretur,  that  the  number  ....  might 

be  filled , i.  e.  to  raise  the  required  number  of  soldiers. Coacti  sunt  $ 

from  cogo. Proeliis  adverse  Marte  pugn&tis,  lit.  battles  fought.  Mars 

being  adverse  ; render,  having  lost  battles , or  having  fought  unsuccess - 

fully. Res  ....  indinata  est.  The  power  of  the  Athenians  was 

utterly  overthrown  by  this  defeat.  The  figure  involved  in  the  verb 
incllno , to  incline,  fall,  is  that  of  a building  leaning  and  ready 
to  fall. 

227.  Nomen  Atheniensinm,  the  Athenian  name— the  Athenian  state 

or  nation. Ncgarunt  ....  passnros,  lit.  denied  that  they  would 

permit ; render,  said  that  they  would  not  permit. Passuros*  What 

is  the  object?  554,  III.- Puobas  ocnlis,  the  two  eyes,  these  were 

Athens  and  Sparta. Longi  mud  h radii  a.  Reference  is  here  made 

to  the  long 'walls  which  connected  Athens  with  its  ports. Triginta 


NOTES. 


135 


PAGE 

rectores.  These  are  known  in  history  as  “ The  Thirty  Tyrants." §7 

Bediti,  devoted  to,  i.  e.  to  the  interests  of. 

228.  Thrasybuliis.  See  note  on  “ Thrasybulo"  (136). Quod.  §§ 

This  relative,  it  will  be  observed,  does  not  agree  with  its  antecedent 
Fhylen , but  with  the  Predicate  noun  casiellum  ; 445,  4. Triginta 

de  sills,  lit.  thirty  from  (of)  his  ; render,  thirty  of  his  associates , or 
thirty  associates. 

229.  Idem  imperater,  the  same , i.  e.  Epaminondas,  when  commander , 

363,  3. — Boeotii,  the  Boeotians.  They  were  the  inhabitants  of  Boeo- 

tia,  north  of  Attica,  of  which  Thebes  was  the  chief  city. Ex  hast!!!, 

from  the  spear.  The  iron  point,  separated  from  the  shaft,  had  re- 
mained in  the  flesh. Extraxisset ; from  extraho. Vicisse  Boeo- 

tio§,  that  the  Boeotians  (his  own  men)  had  conquered. 

230.  Lenetrieam  pngnam,  the  battle  of  Leudra.  This  battle  des-  §9 

troyed  the  power  of  Sparta  and  made  Thebes  the  leading  state  in 
Greece,  but  Thebes  speedily  lost  the  supremacy  after  the  death  of  Epa- 
minondas.  Atlieaieoses,  E0H  lit  olim.  Formerly  Athens  had  been 

eminent  in  war  and  had  been  for  many  years  the  leading  state  in 
Greece,  but  of  late  the  sterner  virtues  had  disappeared  from  the  Athe- 
nian character,  and  the  love  of  ease,  luxury,  and  festivity  had  taken 
their  places.  Thus  Athens,  Sparta,  and  Thebes,  each  of  which  had 
been  in  turn  the  leading  state  in  Greece,  had  now  become  weak  and 
degenerate.  This  state  of  things  enabled  Macedonia  to  rise  to  power, 

as  mentioned  in  the  next  sentence. Obses  ....  Tbebis.  In  the 

year  369  B.  C.,  when  the  power  of  Thebes  was  supreme  in  Greece, 
Amyntas,  king  of  Macedonia,  had  been  obliged  to  send  his  son  Philip 
as  a hostage  to  that  powerful  capital. 

231.  Auraria ; supply  metalla  from  the  next  clause. Argent! 

....  Thraeia.  There  were  also  gold  mines  in  Thrace  near  Philippi. 

232.  Bin  disslnmlatam.  He  had  long  intended  to  make  war  upon  90 

Athens,  but  had  from  policy  concealed  that  intention. Quorum 

eansae  ....  jnnxenmt,  to  whose  cause  the  Thebans  had  joined  them- 
selves, i.  e.  with  whom  they  had  allied  themselves. Qnam,  though  ; 

516,  II. Assidnls  Beilis  iiitinrata,  hardened , or  strengthened  by  con- 

tinual wars.  Philip  had  a well-disciplined  army  of  veterans,  long  ac- 
customed to  severe  and  constant  service. Adversis  vulnerifens#  See 

note  on  the  same  (181). Hie  dies  ....  fini vit.  The  battle  of 

Chaeronea  reduced  Greece  to  a Macedonian  province. 

233.  Iln jus  victori&e  ....  lactitia,  lit.  joy  of  this  victory  ; ren- 
der, joy  on  account  of  this  victory. Coronas,  ungnenta.  The  Greeks 

often  made  use  of  crowns , garlands , ointments , and  perfumes  on  joyous 

and  festive  occasions. Quantum  ....  full,  lit.  as  much  as  was  in 

him;  render,  as  far  as  was  in  his  power. lit  ....  yictorea 


136 


LATIN  READER. 


90  ....  seutiret,  that  no  one  would  recognize  the  victor , i.  e.  the  fact  that 

he  was  such. Bello  coasumptorum,  of  those  slain  in  war , or  battle. 

Comumptorum  is  used  substantively ; 575. Ad  formandam  .... 

shit  am  5 lit.  to  form  the  state  of  present  things  ; the  meaning  is,  to  ad- 
just or  settle  the  posture  of  affairs. —A axilla,  the  quotas , i.  e.  the 

quotas  which  the  several  states  were  to  furnish. Erst ; the  subject 

is  the  clause,  eum  ....  esse  ; 549. Suis  $ supply  viribus. 

91  234.  Medius  iater  daos,  in  the  middle  between  the  two , or  simply, 

between  the  two.  Medius  is  explained  by  inter  duos. Occupatis  aa- 

gustiis.  He  had  deliberately  placed  himself  in  a narrow  passage  with 
the  determination  to  slay  the  king  as  he  passed. Ah  Attalo,  by  At- 
tains, one  of  Philip’s  generals. Adversarium,  his  adversary , mean- 
ing Attalus. -Non  poterat;  supply  exigere. Ah  iuiquo  jndice, 

from  the  unjust  judge,  meaning  Philip. 

235.  Deceptis  liostihas,  lit.  in  the  deceived  enemy  ; render,  in  deceiv . 

ing  the  enemy.  580. Gaudere,  rejoiced,  Historical  Infinitive,  of 

which  several  other  examples  occur  in  this  paragraph. Hie  ; sup- 
ply gaudire. -Fusis ; supply  hostibus. Hie  ....  exercebat,  the 

loiter  ivas  wont  to  exercise  his  royal  power  upon,  or  against,  his  friends. 
Amari ; depends  upon  malle. Metui ; supply  malle. Soiler- 

©2  tlae  pater ; supply  erat. U!e ....  abstmebat,  he  did  'not  abstain 

from  (i.  e.  from  oppressing  or  annoying)  even  his  allies.— — ■Ncc=«< 
non,  is  here  rendered  not  even. Qiiihos  artibus,  by  these  arts,  refer- 

ring to  the  enumeration  just  given  of  the  characteristics  of  the  father 
and  son,  Philip  and  Alexander. 

236.  Caedis  conseios  ....  oceidi  jussit.  It  was  a common  custom 
in  antiquity  thus  to  slay  murderers  and  assassins  upon  the  graves  of 
their,  victims,  to  appease  the  shades,  or  spirits,  of  the  dead.  In  the 
same  way,  in  war,  prisoners  were  often  slain  over  the  graves  of  fallen 

heroes. Sibi  ....  praefatas.  There  is  no  little  ostentation  in  this 

statement.  It  was  of  course  made  for  effect. Opes#  Object  of 

cogitdbant  understood;  construed  literally,  the  passage  would  read 
thus : they  thought  of  nothing  if  not  the  riches,  i.  e.  if  they  did  not  think 

of  the  riches,  etc. ; render,  they  thought  of  nothing  except  the,  etc. 

la  Ilio,  in  Ilium,  i.  e.  in  the  district,  not  in  the  city  ; hence  the  Abla- 
tive with  in,  not  the  Genitive,  as  in  the  names  of  towns. Tumulos 

heronm*  In  the  vicinity  of  Troy,  mounds  are  still  pointed  out  as  the 
burial  places  of  heroes,  who  three  thousand  years  since  fell  in  the 
Trojan  war. 

237.  Parcendam  suis  rebus.  Alexander  thus  inspires  his  soldiers 
with  courage  and  confidence.  He  speaks  of  the  country  as  already 

93  his  and  theirs. 5a  exerdtu  ....  dime.  Observe  that  the  copula- 
tive connectives  are  omitted  between  the  several  subjects. Ycteraues, 


NOTES. 


137 

FAGH 

veterans,  used  substantively,  441. Electos  ; supply  esse. In  cam-  93 

pis  Adrastiae,  in  ihe  plains  of  Adrastia,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  river 
Granicus,  from  which  the  battle  took  its  name  : battle  of  the  Granicus. 

2158.  DefflSCti  ; from  defungor . Coafossi  ; from  confodio. 

Ad  hoc  ipsum,/or  this  very  purpose. Omites  ante  cum  reges,  lit.  all 

before  him  kings,  i.  e.  all  the  kings  before  him,  or  before  his  time. 

239.  Nihil  cx  . . . . Aegyptiorum  more.  Alexander  was  careful  not 

to  give  offence  by  disregarding  the  customs  of  the  country. Jo  vis 

Ainmonis  ©racnlum.  The  oracle  of  Jupiter  Ammon  was  one  of  the 

most  celebrated  in  the  world. Sedem  coiisecratam  deo.  This  was 

situated  in  a beautiful  oasis  of  the  Libyan  desert. Parentem  Jovern, 

parent  or  father  Jupiter,  i.  e.  his  father  Jupiter.  Thus  the  priest,  per- 
ceiving his  ambitious  vanity,  flattered  him  with  the  title — son  of  Ju- 
piter.  Parentem  ejus,  his  parent,  i.  e.  Jupiter.  The  priest  still 

continues  his  flattery. An  awetor  ....  colendi  ....  regem,  lit.  whe-  95 

ther  he,  i.  e.  Jupiter,  would  be  to  ihem  the  author  of  worshipping  the 
king  with  divine  honors,  i.  e.  whether  he  would  authorize  them  to  wor- 
ship their  king  with  divine  honors. 

240.  Nobilein,  famous- Quin  ....  esset  OCCisilS,  that  the  king 

himself  w as  slain  ; XXVI.  6. 

241.  Spe  ....  libertatis.  Greece,  it  will  be  remembered,  lost  its 
independence  by  the  battle  of  Chaeronea.  See  above  (232). 

242.  €ui  gloriae,  this  glory,  i.  e.  that  of  conquest  and  empire.  9G 

243.  Eeccdeisfem  5 supply  eum. luvitat,  invites,  i.  e.  invites 

him  to  drink  with  him. Et ....  posceret ; XXIV.  2,  5). Inter 

bibendam,  while  drinking. 

244.  Aeaddarnm.  Alexander  was,  by  his  mother,  a lineal  descend- 
ant of  Aeacus,  the  grandfather  of  Achilles. Sine  ullo  ....  argu- 

ment 9?  without  any  mark  of  a more  sad  mind,  i.  e.  without  any  indica- 
tion of  unusual  sadness. -Digmssimnm.  Adjective  used  substan- 

lively  ; object  of  faclre  understood. Jndid©,  by  a tacit  decision, 

opposed  to  voce. 

245.  Quo  di Q—die,  quo,  the  day,  on  which.  Here  the  relative  must 

not  be  rendered  according  to  453. Alterius — altering,  the  one — the 

other. Belli  Illyriei,  that  of  the  Illyrian  war,  i.  e.  the  victory  gained 

in  it. Certaminis  Olympiad.  See  note  on  “ Olympico  certarnine  ” 

(134). — — Puer,  when  a boy;  363,  3. Quadrigas.  Chariots  and 

horses  were  often  sent  to  the  Olympic  games  to  contend  for  the 
prizes. Aristotele  ....  magistro.  Philip  placed  the  youthful  Alex- 

ander under  the  special  instruction  of  Aristotle,  the  celebrated  philo- 
sopher of  Athens.  Both  teacher  and  pupil  have  left  names  famous  in 

the  annals  of  the  world. Tantam  ....  fidatiam  fecit,  he  inspired 

his  soldiers  with  such  confidence. 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY 


For  Explanation  of  References 
A 

A.  An  abbreviation  of  Aulus. 

A,  ab , abs , prep,  with  abl.  From,  by. 

Ab-duco , ere,  duxi,ductum.  To  lead 
away,  take  away,  remove. 

Ab-eo , ire,  m,  or  n,  ita.  To  go 
away,  depart,  withdraw  from.  295. 

Ab-hinc , adv.  Henceforth,  from  this 
time,  before,  ago,  since. 

Abjicio , ere,jeci , jectum , (ab,  jacio). 
To  throw  away,  throw,  reject ; 
prostrate,  humble. 

Abripio , ere,  ripui,  reptum , (ab,  ra- 
pio).  To  take  away,  carry  off. 

Ab-rumpo , ere,  ropi,  ruptum.  To 
break  off  or  away,  rend,  sever. 

-4£se??s,  era&s,  part,  (absum).  Absent. 

Abstineo,  ere,  tentum , (abs, 

teneo).  To  keep  or  hold  back, 
abstain  from. 

Ab-sum , me,  fui.  To  be  absent  or 
away,  to  be  distant  from.  204,  288. 

Ab-sumo,  ere , sumpsi , sumptum.  To 
take  from  or  away ; destroy,  con- 
sume. 

Ab-undo , are,  ari,  «/wm.  To  abound, 
abound  in,  superabound,  have  an 
abundance. 

Ab-utor , atf,  wsas  swm,  dep.  To  use 
up,  consume,  abuse. 


aw  <7  Abbreviations , see  page  ix. 

^4e,  a shortened  form  of  atque.  And. 
.Ae  si,  as  if. 

^eca,  ae,  f.  Acca,  a Roman  name. 
.Aeea  Laureniia , ae,  f.  Acca  Lau- 
rentia,  the  wife  of  Faustulus,  and 
nurse  of  Romulus  and  Remus, 
(153). 

Accedo , ere,  cessi,  eessum,  (ad,  cedo). 
To  approach,  come  to,  accede  to ; 
be  added  to.  Accedit , impers.,  it 
is  added,  there  is  the  additional 
fact  that. 

Accendo , ere,  eew^i,  censum,  (ad, 
candeo).  To  set  on  fire,  kindle ; 
to  excite,  inflame. 

Acceptus , a,  part,  (accipio).  Ac- 
cepted ; acceptable,  pleasing. 

Accipio , ere,  cepi,  ceptum , (ad,  capio). 
To  accept,  receive. 

Accurro , £re,  ewrri,  ( cucnrri  rare), 
cursam,  (ad,  curro).  To  run  to, 
hasten  to. 

-4eei?so,  are,  ari,  aiam,  (ad,  causa). 
To  call  to  account,  to  accuse. 

Acer,  acris , acre.  Sharp ; powerful, 
valiant;  diligent,  intense,  severe. 
163,  1. 

Accrbus , a,  «?«,  (acer).  Sour,  un- 
ripe, morose,  disagreeable. 

Achaia , ae,  £ Ackaia,  an  important 


140 


LATIN  READER. 


[Achilles 


province  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  Peloponnesus. 

Achilles , is,  m.  Achilles,  the  most 
celebrated  Grecian  hero  in  the 
Trojan  war,  son  of  Peleus  and 
Thetis,  (134). 

Aries,  ei , f.  The  order  of  battle, 
battle  array ; line  of  soldiers  ; ar- 
my in  battle  array. 

Acquiesco,  ere , quievi , quietum  (ad, 
quiesco).  To  become  quiet,  to  re- 
pose ; to  acquiesce  in. 

Act  iter,  acrius,  acerrime,  adv.  (acer). 
Vehemently,  valiantly.  305. 

Actium , ii,  n.  Actium,  a promontory 
and  town  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Ambracian  Gulf  on  the  western 
coast  of  Greece,  celebrated  for  the 
victory  of  Augustus  over  Antony 
and  Cleopatra,  (214). 

Acuo,  ere , ui,  utum . To  sharpen, 
quicken;  stimulate. 

Acutus , a,  urn , part.  (acuo).  Sharp- 
ened, pointed,  sharp,  acute,  intel- 
ligent, clear-sighted. 

Ad,  prep,  with  acc.  To,  towards; 
until ; at,  near. 

Ad-do,  ere,  didi,  ditum.  To  add, 
carry  to,  appoint  to. 

Ad-duco , ere,  duxi , ductum.  To  lead 
to,  conduct,  bring,  induce. 

Ad-eo,  adv.  So,  to  such  an  extent. 

Ad-eo,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  go 
to,  approach,  visit ; encounter. 
295. 

Ad-liuc,  adv.  Thus  far,  as  yet,  even 
yet;  still. 

Adimo,  ere , emi,  emptum,  (ad,  emo). 
To  take  from,  deprive  of. 

Adipiscor,  ci,  adeptus  sum , dep.  (ad, 
apiscor).  To  obtain,  get  posses- 
sion of. 


Adjicio,  tire,  jeri,  jeetwn,  (ad,  jacio). 
To  throw  or  cast  to  or  against,  add 
to ; animurn  adjicere,  to  direct  or 
give  attention  to. 

Ad-jungo,  ere,  junxi,  junctum . To 
join  to,  unite  with. 

Adjutor , oris,  m.  (adjiivo).  Aid, 
helper,  assistant. 

Ad-jitvo,  are,  juvi,  jutum.  To  help, 
assist,  support. 

Ad-rninistro , are , am,  dtum.  To  ad- 
minister, manage. 

Ad-mirabilis,  e.  Admirable,  won- 
derful. 

Ad-mircitio , onis,  f.  (admlror).  Ad- 
miration, respect. 

Admlror,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  (ad, 
mlror).  To  admire,  wonder  at. 

Ad-mitto , tire , rnlsi,  missum.  To  send 
to  or  forward,  to  admit,  receive. 

Admodum,  adv.  (ad,  modus).  Very, 
exceedingly. 

Ad-moneo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  admon- 
ish, warn. 

Admonitus,  us,  m.  (admoneo).  Warn- 
ing, advice ; instigation. 

Ad-movco,  ere,  movi,  motum.  To 
move  to,  apply  to,  bring  to. 

Adolescens,  entis,  adj.  and  subs.,  m. 
and  f.  (adolesco).  Young,  grow- 
ing ; a young  man,  a youth. 

Adolescentia , ae,  f.  (adolescens). 

Youth. 

Ad-olesco,  tire,  olevi,  ultum.  To  grow, 
grow  up,  increase. 

Ad-opto,  dre,  dvi , atum.  To  choose, 
adopt;  take  for  a son,  daughter, 
etc. 

Ad-orior,  iri,  ortus  sum,  dep.  To  at- 
tack, attempt,  strive ; begin.  286,  2. 

Adrorno,  dre,  dvi,  dtum.  To  adorn, 
furnish,  equip. 


Aequus] 


LATIN-ENGLI8H  VOCABULARY. 


141 


Adrastia , ae,  f.  Adrastia,  a district 
and  city  of  Mysia,  (23 1). 

Adspicio,  ere , spe&z,  spectum,  (ad, 
specio).  To  see,  look  at,  behold. 

Ad-sto , are,  statum.  To  stand 

near,  stand  by. 

Ad-sum,  esse , /wz.  To  be  present 
or  at  hand,  assist,  stand  by.  204, 
288. 

Adulatio , dms,  f.  Adulation,  flat- 
tery. 

Advectus , a,  am,  part,  (adveho). 
Brought,  carried  to. 

Ad-veho , ere,  rexz,  vectum.  To  con- 
duct, convey,  import. 

Ad-venio,  Ire,  veni,  ventum.  To  come 
to,  arrive. 

Adventus,  us,  m.  (advenio).  Arrival, 
approach. 

Adversaries,  a,  am.adj.  (adversus). 
Opposite,  opposing. 

Adversaries , ii,  m.  subs,  (adversus). 
Adversary,  opponent,  antagonist. 

Adversus,  a,  um , part,  (adverto).  Op- 
posite, over  against,  adverse,  hos- 
tile ; fronting,  in  front. 

Adversus , or  adversum , adv.,  and 
prep,  with  acc.  (adverto).  Against, 
towards,  opposite  to. 

Aeacides,  ae , m.  A patronymic  de- 
noting a descendant  of  Aeacus, 
who  was  the  grandfather  of  Achil- 
les. The  name  is  often  applied  to 
Achilles ; Alexander  the  Great 
also  claimed  it  for  himself,  (244). 

Aedes , or  aedis , is,  f.  Temple  in  the 
sing.  ; hut  in  the  plnr.  dwelling, 
habitation,  house.  132. 

Aedif  lco,  dre,dvi,  atum, (aedes,  facio). 
To  build. 

Aedilitius , or  aedilicius,  a,  um, 
(aedes).  Pertaining  to  the  aediles. 


Aedilitius,  i,  m.,  one  who  has  been 
aedile.  The  aediles  were  Roman 
magistrates  who  had  charge  of  the 
public  buildings,  highways,  Ac., 
and  acted  as  city  police. 

Aegina,  ae,  f.  Aegina,  an  island 
near  Attica,  (55). 

Aegos  Jlumen . Aegospotamos,  a 

river  and  town  in  the  Thracian 
Chersonesus,  noted  for  the  defeat 
of  the  Athenians  by  Lysander, 
(226). 

Aegrotus , a,  um.  Sick,  ill,  diseased. 

Aegyptm,  i,  f.  Egypt,  (210). 

Aegyptius,  a,  um,  Egyptian  ; subs. 
Aegyptius , i,  m.,  an  Egyptian, 
(239). 

Aemilius , ii,  m.  The  family  name 
of  several  distinguished  Romans. 
Lucius  Aemilius,  sur named  Paul- 
us,  fell  in  the  battle  of  Cannae, 
(191).  Another  of  the  same  name 
conquered  Perseus  and  reduced 
Macedonia  to  a Roman  province, 
(198). 

Aemulus,  a , um.  Emulous ; often 
used  substantively , as,  rival,  com- 
petitor. 

Aeneas,  ae,  m.  Aeneas,  a Trojan 
prince  who  after  the  destruction 
of  Troy  is  said  to  have  fled  into 
Italy  and  formed  a settlement, 
(149). 

Aequalis,  e.  Equal,  like. 

Aeque,  aequius,  aequissime , adv. 
(aequus).  Equally,  similarly. 

Aequipdro , are,  avi,  atum.  To 
equal,  make  equal. 

Aequitas,  dtis , f.  (aequus).  Equality, 
equity,  justice. 

Aequus,  a,  um.  Equal,  similar; 
just,  fair  ; favorable,  propitious. 


112 


LATIN  READER. 


[Aeb 


Aer , aeris,  m.  The  air,  atmo- 
sphere. 

Aestimo,  are , dvi,  atum.  To  value, 
estimate.  Parvl  aestimdre , to  think 
little  of,  esteem  lightly. 

Aestuo , are , dvi , atum.  To  be  in 
agitation;  to  be  warm,  endure 
heat. 

Aetas , f.  Age,  time  of  life,  life. 

Affero , ferre,  attuli,  alldtum,  (ad, 
fero).  To  bring,  carry  to,  report. 

Afficio , ere,  /eei,  fectum  (ad,  facio). 
To  affect,  influence. 

AfflgOy  ere,  fixi , Jixum , (ad,  flgo). 
To  affix,  fasten  to. 

Affirmo,  are , ote,  (ad,  firmo). 

To  affirm,  confirm,  ratify. 

Afflictus , a,  wm,  part,  (affllgo).  Af- 
flicted, troubled,  prostrated. 

Affllgo,  ere,flixi,  flictum , (ad,  fligo). 
To  afflict,  trouble,  overthrow. 

Affluo,  ere,  fluxi , fluxum,  (ad,  fluo). 
To  flow  toward ; overflow,  abound 
in. 

Africa,  ae,  f.  Africa,  (200). 

Africanus,  a,  um,  (Africa).  African. 
Also  the  surname  given  to  the 
two  most  distinguished  Scipios  for 
their  achievements  in  Africa  du- 
ring the  Punic  wars,  (196,  200). 

Ager,  agri , m.  Field,  land,  terri- 
tory. 

Agesildus,  i,  m.  Agesilaus,  a Spar- 
tan king,  (96). 

f Agger,  eris,  m.  Mound,  rampart, 
wall. 

Aggredior,  i,  gressus  sum,  dep.  (ad, 
gradior).  To  approach,  attack, 
attempt. 

Agis,  idis,  m.  Agis,  king  of  the 
Lacedaemonians  in  the  time  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  (241). 


Agitatus , a,  um,  part,  (agito).  Agi- 
tated, troubled. 

Agito,  are,  dvi,  atum . To  harass, 
trouble,  think  of. 

Agmen,  mis , n.  (ago).  An  army, 
generally  on  the  march,  band  of 
soldiers,  troop. 

Agnosco,  ere , ndvi,  nitum , (ad, 
(g)nosco).  To  recognize. 

Ago,  ere,  cgi , actum . To  conduct, 
drive,  do,  act,  execute,  treat,  ar- 
gue; annum  vicesimum  agere , to 
be  in  his  (or  her)  twentieth  year. 

Agricola,  ae,  m.  (ager,  colo).  Hus- 
bandman, farmer. 

Agricultura,  ae,  f.  Agriculture. 

Agrigentum,  i,  n.  Agrigen  turn,  a 
large  and  wealthy  town  in  Sicily. 

Agrippa,  ae,  m.  A family  name 
among  the  Romans.  Menenius 
Agrippa  induced  the  people  who 
had  revolted  at  Rome  and  taken 
up  their  quarters  upon  Mons  Sacer 
to  return  into  the  city,  (173). 

Aio,  ais,  ait,  etc.,  defect.  To  say, 
affirm.  297,  II.  1. 

Ala,  ae,f.  Wing. 

Aldcer , cris,  ere . Active,  prompt, 
joyful. 

Alba,  ae,  f. ; or  Alba  Longa,  ae,  f. 
A city  of  Latium  founded  by  As- 
canius,  (160). 

Albdnus,  a,  um.  Alban.  Mons  Al~ 
banus,  a rocky  mountain  sixteen 
miles  southeast  of  Rome,  (150). 

Albdnus,  i,  m.  An  Alban,  a citizen 
of  Alba,  (161). 

Albus,  a,  um.  White. 

Alcibiades , is,  m.  Alcibiades,  an 
Athenian  general  in  the  Pelopon- 
nesian war,  (223-225). 

Alexander,  dri , m.  Alexander.  The 


Amplus] 


LATIN-ENGLISII  VOCABULARY, 


143 


most  distinguished  of  this  name 
was  the  son  and  successor  of 
Philip,  king  of  Macedonia,  (235- 
245).  A second  of  the  same  name 
was  king  of  Epirus  and  son-in-law 
of  Philip,  (234). 

Alexandria , ae , f.  Alexandria,  a 
celebrated  city  of  Egypt,  built  by 
Alexander  the  Great ; (239). 

Algeo,  ere , alsi.  To  be  cold,  to  feel 
cold,  endure  cold. 

Alias.  Otherwise,  at  another  time ; 
non  alias , on  no  other  occasion. 

Alienus,  a,  urn,  (alius).  Belonging 
to  another,  foreign ; unfavorable. 

Aliquando.  At  some  time,  once, 
formerly,  finally,  now  at  last. 

Aliquantum,  adv.  Somewhat,  in 
some  degree. 

Aliquis,  quay  quody  and  quidy  (alius, 
quis).  Some  one,  some. 

Aliquot,  indecl.  pi.  adj.  Several, 
some. 

Aliter,  adv.  (alius).  Otherwise. 

AliuSy  ay  udy  (gen.  alius,  etc.)  Other, 
another ; alius  — alius,  one  — an- 
other : alii — alii,  some — others, 
(149). 

Allia,  ae , f.  The  river  Allia,  a few 
miles  north  of  Rome,  (176). 

Allbquor , Idqui,  cutus  sum , dep. 
(ad,  loquor).  To  speak  to,  ad- 
dress. 

Alo,  ere , alui,  alttum  or  altum . To 
support,  keep,  nourish,  strengthen, 
feed. 

Alpes,  »,  f.  The  Alps,  a high 
range  of  mountains  north  of 
Italy. 

Alie,  iuSy  issime , adv.  (altus).  On 
high,  high. 

Alter , fra,  9rum , (gen.  alterius).  One 


of  two,  the  other ; alter — alter , 
the  one  — the  other ; alter  as 
numeral  = second.  149, 149,  2. 

Altus,  ay  um.  High,  noble,  great ; 
deep,  profound ; altum  substan- 
tively, the  sea,  the  deep. 

AmabiliSy  e,  (amo).  Lovely,  amia- 
ble. 

AmbiOy  ire , Ivi  or  ii,  Hum , (amb,  or 
ambi,  eo).  To  surround,  encom- 
pass. 295,  3. 

Ambitio,  onis,  f.  (ambio).  Can- 
vassing, flattery,  ambition. 

Amboy  ae , o.  Both.  176,  2,  2. 

Amentia , ae , f.  (amens).  Folly, 
want  of  reason. 

Amicitia , ae , f.  (amicus).  Friend- 
ship. 

Amicus,  i,  m.  Friend. 

Amicus,  a , um.  Friendly,  kind. 

A-mitto,  ere,  misi , missum . To  send 
away,  to  lose. 

Ammoiiy  or  Hammon , 6nis}  m.  An 
appellation  of  Jupiter  as  worship- 
ped in  Africa,  (239). 

AmniSy  is,  m.  River. 

AmOy  drey  avi,  atum.  To  love. 

Amor,  oris , m.  (amo).  Love,  affec- 
tion, desire ; a loved  object,  dar- 
ling. 

Amphitheatrnm , i,  n.  Amphithe- 
atre, in  Rome  a circular  or  oval 
building  used  for  public  specta- 
cles. 

Ampley  iuSy  issimey  adv.  (amplus). 
Abundantly,  amply. 

AmpliOy  arey  avi , alum,  (amplus). 
To  enlarge. 

AmpliuSy  adv.  (comp,  of  ample). 
More,  further. 

AmpluSy  a , um.  Ample,  spacious, 
large. 


LATIN  READER. 


[Amulius 


144 

Amulius , ii,  m.  Amulius,  son  of 
Procas  king  of  Alba ; he  was  the 
brother  of  Numitor,  (152). 

An , interrog.  particle.  Or,  whether. 
346,  II,  2. 

Anaxagoras , ae , m.  Anaxagoras,  a 
distinguished  Greek  philosopher 
of  Clazomenae,  (112). 

Anaxarclius , i,  m.  Anaxarchus,  a 
philosopher  of  Abdera,  who  ac- 
companied Alexander  into  Asia. 

Anceps , ancipitis . Twofold,  double. 

ae,  m.  Anchises,  the  fa- 
ther of  Aeneas.  43. 

Ancus,  i,  m. ; or  Ancus  Martins , w, 
m.  The  fourth  king  of  Rome, 
(161). 

Angor , om,  m.  Anxiety,  care,  an- 
guish. 

Angustia , ae,  f.  (angustus),  used 
mostly  in  pi.  Narrow  pass,  diffi- 
culty; straits,  channel. 

a,  Narrow,  confined, 
contracted,  small. 

Amma,  ae,  f.  Breath,  life. 

Animadverto , ere,  rer/i,  versum  (ani- 
mus, adverto).  To  notice,  observe, 
perceive. 

Animal , a£is,  n.  Animal. 

^1  m.  Mind,  soul,  courage. 

-4mo,  AnieniSy  m.  The  Anio,  a 
small  river  of  Italy,  a tributary  of 
the  Tiber,  (173). 

Annedo , ere,  nexuiy  nexum , (ad,  nec- 
to).  To  tie  to,  annex,  fasten  to. 

Annulus , or  anulus , ?*,  m.  Ring, 
t,  m.  Year. 

AnuuuSy  a,  wm,  (annus).  Lasting  a 
year,  for  a year,  annual. 

adv.,  and  prep,  with  acc.  Be- 
fore, in  resped  to  place  or  time ; 
formerly. 


Antea,  adv.  (ante,  ea).  Formerly, 
hitherto. 

Ante-pbno , £re,  posui , post  turn.  To 
place  before ; to  prefer. 

Antc-quam , adv.  Before,  before 
that. 

Antigonus,  i,  m.  Antigonus,  king 
of  Macedonia,  (121). 

Antiochlay  ae,  f.  Antioch,  the  chief 
city  of  Syria,  founded  by  Scleucus, 
and  named  by  him  in  honor  of  his 
father  Antiochus,  (206). 

AntibchuSy  i,  m.  1.  Antiochus  the 
Great,  king  of  Syria.  2.  Antio- 
chus, the  Academic  philosopher 
and  teacher  of  Cicero,  (80). 

Antipater , triy  m.  Antipater,  one  of 
Alexander’s  generals ; after  the 
death  of  Alexander  he  received 
the  government  of  Greece  and 
Macedonia,  (241). 

AntiquuSy  ay  um . Ancient,  early. 

AntisteSy  UiSy  m.  and  f.  President; 
priest,  priestess. 

AntoniuSy  iiy  m.  Antony ; Marcus 
Antonins  formed  a triumvirate 
with  Octavianus  and  Lepidus, 
(212).  Caius  Antonius  was  the 
colleague  of  Cicero  in  the  consul- 
ship, (207). 

AnxietaSy  CitiSy  f.  Anxiety,  solicitude. 

ApelleSy  isy  m.  Apelles,  a distin- 
guished Greek  painter  in  the  time 
of  Alexander  the  Great,  (97). 

Apertey  iuSy  issimey  adv.  (apertus). 
Openly,  publicly. 

ApertuSy  a,  urn,  part,  (aperio).  Open- 
ed ; open,  free,  clear,  manifest. 

Apolloy  miSy  m.  Apollo,  the  god  of 
divination. 

ApparCduSy  uSy  m.  Preparation, 
equipment. 


Armenia] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


145 


Apparatus,  a,  um,  part,  (app&ro). 
Prepared,  ready,  equipped. 

Appellatio , dnis,  f.  (appello).  Name, 
title. 

Appello , are , avi,  atum , (ad,  pello). 
To  call,  name. 

Appello,  ere, poll, pulsurn,  (ad,  pello). 
To  drive  to,  bring  to,  induce. 

Appcto,  ere,  petlvi , petii,  petltum , 
(ad,  peto).  To  long  for,  strive 
after ; assail : appctens , entis , de- 
siring, desirous  of. 

Applies,  ii,  m.  Appius,  a Roman 
name.  Appius  Claudius,  ii,  m., 
one  of  the  Decemviri,  (26). 

Apprubo,  are , avi , atum , (ad,  probo). 
To  approve,  favor. 

Appropiuquo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ad, 
propinquo).  To  approach,  come 
near. 

Apius,  a,  um.  Fitted,  adapted,  suit- 
ed, proper. 

Apud,  prep,  with  acc.  At,  near, 
among,  at  the  house  of,  in  the 
works  of  ( applied  to  authors). 

Apulia,  ae,  f.  Apulia,  a province  in 
southern  Italy,  (204). 

Aqua,  ae,  f.  Water. 

Aquila,  ae,  f.  Eagle. 

Ara,  ae,  f.  Altar. 

Arabs,  dbis.  Arabian ; subs,  an 
Arabian,  inhabitant  of  Arabia  in 
Asia,  (26). 

Arcltrum,  i,  n.  Plough. 

Arbila,  arum,  n.  Arbela,  a town  in 
Assyria,  famous  for  the  victory  of 
Alexander  over  Darius,  (240). 

Arbitror,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  To 
think,  judge,  regard. 

Arcfo,  arcere,  arcui.  To  inclose, 
restrain,  keep  from. 

Ardea,  ae,  f.  Ardea,  a city  of  La- 

7 


tium,  a few  miles  south  of  Rome, 
(16-?). 

Ardeo,  ere,  arsi , arsum.  To  be  on- 
fire,  burn. 

Ardesco,  £re,  arsi.  To  take  fire, 
kindle. 

Aresco,  ere,  arid.  To  become  dry, 
to  dry. 

Arethasa,  ae,  f.  Arefchusa,  a cele- 
brated fountain  in  Sicily,  near 
Syracuse. 

Argenteus,  a,  um,  (argentum).  Made 
of  silver,  of  silver. 

Argentum,  i,  n.  Silver. 

Argos,  n.  (only  in  nom.  and  acc.),  or 
Argi,  drum,  in.  pi.  Argos,  the  ca- 
pital of  the  province  of  Argolis  in 
the  Peloponnesus  ; the  name  was 
often  applied  to  the  province  itself 
and  poetically  to  all  Greece,  (96). 

Argumeutum,  i,  n.  Argument,  sign, 
mark. 

Ariminum,  i,  n.  Ariminum,  a town 
in  Umbria  on  the  Adriatic,  (209). 

Ariovistus , i,  m.  Ariovistus,  king 
of  a German  tribe  in  the  time  of 
Caesar,  (47). 

Aristides,  is,  m.  Aristides,  an  Athe- 
nian general  and  statesman,  re- 
nowned for  his  integrity,  (49). 

Aristobidus , i,  m.  A king  of  Judea, 
who  was  taken  by  Pompey  and 
carried  as  prisoner  to  Rome,  (206). 

Aristoteles , is,  m.  A distinguished 
philosopher,  and  the  teacher  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  (85,  245). 

Arma,  drum,  n.  pi.  Arms,  force  of 
arms. 

Armatus,  a,  um,  part.  (armo).  Armed. 

Armenia , ae,  f.  Armenia,  a country 
of  Asia,  divided  by  the  river  Eu- 
phrates into  two  unequal  parts, 


146 


LATIN  READER. 


fAE3SILL4 


viz. : the  eastern,  called  Armenia 
Major , and  the  western,  called 
Armenia  Minor , (205). 

Armilla , ae,  f.  Bracelet. 

Armo , are,  attf,  atom,  (arma).  To 
arm. 

Arripioy  ere , ripui,  reptum , (ad, 
rapio).  To  seize  upon,  seize. 

Arrdgans,  antis , part,  (arrogo). 
Proud,  arrogant, 

Arrogantiay  ae,  f.  (arrogans).  Ar- 
rogance, pride. 

Arrogo , are,  avi,  atoi,  (ad,  rogo). 
To  claim,  arrogate. 

^4rs,  aWis,  f.  Art,  skill. 

Artaphernes,  is,  m.  Artaphernes, 
nephew  of  Darius,  (215). 

Artemisiumy  iiy  n.  Artemisium,  a 
promontory  and  town  on  the  is- 
land of  Euboea,  (218). 

Artus,  usy  m. ; sing.  rare.  Joint,  limb. 

Arunsy  Aruntisy  m.  1.  Aruns,  the 
brother  of  Tarquin  the  Proud, 
(39,  iv.).  2.  Aruns,  the  son  of 

Tarquin,  (170). 

Arxy  arcis , f.  Citadel. 

Ascanius,  iiy  m.  Ascanius,  the  son 
of  Aeneas,  (150). 

Asia,  ae,  f.  Asia,  (16). 

Asinay  aey  m.  Asina,  a surname  of 
Cnaeus  Cornelius,  who  was  the 
colleague  of  Duillius  in  the  con- 
sulship in  the  early  part  of  the 
first  Punic  war,  (185). 

Asp  is,  idis,  f.  Asp. 

Asporto,  drey  dviy  atum,  (abs,  porto). 
To  bear  or  carry  away. 

Assignor,  segui,  secutus  sumy  dep. 
(ad,  sequor).  To  overtake,  ob- 
tain. 

Asseveratio , onisy  f.  Declaration, 
assertion. 


Assiduus,  ay  nm.  Assiduous  ; fr© 
quent;  continual,  incessant,  coa 
stant. 

Assigno , are,  dvi,  dtumy  (ad,  signo). 
Assign,  bestow. 

Astoy  for  ad-sio. 

Astrum , iy  n.  Star,  constellation. 

Astu,  n,  indec.  City,  generally  ap- 
plied to  Athens. 

Asylum , i,  n.  Asylum,  place  of 
refuge. 

Aty  eonj.  But,  yet. 

Ater,  tray  tram . Dark,  black, 
gloomy/ 

Athenae , drum , f.  pi.  Athens,  the 
capital  of  Attica,  (227). 

Atheniensis , e,  adj.  (Athenae). 
Athenian ; subs.  Atheniensis , is, 
m.,  an  Athenian,  (216). 

Atilius,  ii,  m.  Atilius,  a Roman 
name.  See  Reg  ulus, 

Atquey  conj.  And,  and  also,  and 
besides ; atque — atque , both — and. 

Attains , t,  m.  Attalus,  one  of  Phi- 
lip’s generals,  (234). 

Attica,  ae,  f.  An  important  state  in 
Greece,  (216). 

Atticus,  ay  umy  (Attica).  Attic, 
Athenian;  subs.  Atticus , iy  m. 
An  inhabitant  or  citizen  of  At- 
tica, (36). 

Atticus , iy  m.  Atticus,  a surname  of 
the  Roman,  Titus  Pomponius,  (99). 

Attingoy  ere,  iigi,  tactum , (ad,  tan- 
go). To  attain,  touch,  enter  upon, 
undertake,  commence. 

Attius,  ii,  m.  Attius,  a Roman  name, 
(89). 

Attribuo , Zre,  tribui , tributum , (ad, 
tribuo).  To  attribute  to,  ascribe 
to,  to  bestow,  to  assign,  or  im- 
pute to. 


Benevoli&tia]  LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


147 


Auctor,  oris,  m.  (augeo).  Author, 
founder,  approver,  adviser,  au- 
thority. 

Audoritas,  dtis,  f.  (auctor).  Author- 
ity, influence. 

Audacia , ae , f.  (audax).  Boldness, 
insolence,  audacity. 

Audax,  audacis , (audeo).  Bold, 
audacious,  desperate. 

Audeo , ausus  sum.  To  dare,  at- 
tempt. 272,  3. 

Audio , zre,  m or  ii , i/w/n.  To  hear, 
listen  to. 

Aufugio,  ere , /ihjri,  fugitum , (ab, 
fugio).  To  flee  from;  run  away 
from.  338,  1,  a&. 

Augeo,  ere , atm,  auctum . To  en- 

large, increase. 

Auguror,  dri,  atus  sum , dep.  To 
augur,  predict,  foretell. 

Augustus,  i,  m.  Augustus,  surname 
of  Octavius  Caesar,  the  first  of 
the  Roman  Emperors.  This  sur- 
name was  also  often  applied  to 
the  Emperors  generally,  (213). 

Aulus,  i,  m.  Aulus,  a Roman  prae- 
nomen. 

Aurarius,  a,  um,  (aurum).  Pertain- 
ing to  gold ; auraria  metalla, 
gold  mines. 

Aureus,  a,  um,  (aurum).  Made  of 
gold,  golden.  [driver. 

Auriga,  ae,  m.  and  f.  Charioteer, 

Auris,  is,  f.  Ear. 

Aurum,  i,  n.  Gold. 

Aut,  conj.  Or ; aut — aut,  either — 
or,  partly — partly. 

Autem,  conj.  But,  moreover. 

Auxilium,  ii,  n.  (augeo.)  Aid  ; plur . 
auxiliaries. 

Avaritia , ae,  f.  (avarus).  Avarice. 

Avdrus , a,  um.  Avaricious. 


Aventinus,  i,  m.  The  Aventine,  one 
of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome,  (154). 

Averto,  ere,  verti,  versum,  (ab,  verto). 
To  avert,  turn  from,  remove. 

Avidus , a,  um.  Desirous,  eager. 

Avis,  is,  f.  Bird. 

Avus,  i,  m.  Grandfather. 

B. 

Babylonia , ae,  f.  Babylonia,  a prov- 
ince of  Syria:  also  Babylon,  the 
capital  of  Babylonia,  (243). 

Bacchantes,  ium , pi.  (bacchor).  Vo- 
taries of  Bacchus. 

Bacchor , dri,  atus  sum,  dep.  (Bac- 
chus). To  celebrate  the  festival 
of  Bacchus,  to  revel.  Bacchans , 
antis , part,  revelling. 

Bacchus,  i,  m.  The  god  of  wine, 
(19). 

Barba , ae,  f.  Beard. 

Barbaras,  a,  um.  Foreign,  barbar- 
ous, rude. 

Barbaras,  i,  m.  Foreigner,  bar- 
barian. 

Bedte,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (beMus). 
Happily. 

Beatus , a,  um.  Happy. 

Belgae,  drum.  The  Belgians,  a war- 
like people  in  the  north  of  Gaul, 
(25). 

Bellicdsus,  a,  um,  (bellum).  War- 
like. 

Bello,  are,  dvi , dium,  (bellum).  To 
carry  on  war. 

Bellum,  i,  n.  War. 

Bene , melius , optime,  adv.  Well. 
305,  2. 

Beneficium,  ii,  n.  (beneficus,  from 
bene,  facio).  Benefit,  favor,  kind- 
ness. 

Benevolenlia , ae,  f.  (benevolens, 


148 


LATIN  HEADER. 


[Benigne 


from  bene,  volo).  Kindness,  be- 
nevolence. 

Benigne , ius,  issime , adv.  (benig- 
nus).  Kindly. 

Benignus , a,  m Kind,  good,  be- 
nignant. 

Bestia , ae,  f.  A beast. 

Bestiola , ae,  f.  (bestia).  A small 
animal,  insect. 

6i6i,  bibitum.  To  drink. 

Bibulus , i,  m.  Bibulus,  a Roman 
name ; Lucius  Bibulus  was  Cae- 
sar’s colleague  in  the  consulship, 
(208). 

Biduum , i,  n.  (biduus).  A period 
of  two  days. 

Biduus , a,  wm,  (bis,  dies).  Con- 
tinuing two  days. 

Biennium , ii,  n.  (bis,  annus).  A 
period  of  two  years,  two  years. 

Biformis , e,  (bis,  forma).  Having 
two  forms,  biformed. 

ift'm,  ae,  «,  distribute.  Two  by  two, 
two  and  two.  174,  2. 

Bis , adv.  Twice. 

Boeotius , ii,  m.  (Boeotia).  A Boeo- 
tian, inhabitant  of  Boeotia  in  cen- 
tral Greece,  (229). 

Boletus , i,  m.  Mushroom. 

Bonitas , aft#,  f.  (bonus).  Goodness, 
excellence. 

Bonurn , i,  n.  (bonus).  Blessing, 
prosperity,  any  good;  pi. 
goods,  property. 

Bonus , a,  wm ; melior , optimus. 
Good,  noble,  brave.  165. 

Z?os,  Bovis,  m.  and  f.  Ox,  cow.  72, 
6 ; 90,  2. 

Brachium , «,  n.  Arm,  fore-arm. 

Brevis , £.  Short,  brief;  6rm  (tem- 
pore), in  a short  time,  shortly. 

Britannicus , «,  wm,  (Britannia, 


Britain).  British,  English, 

(208). 

Britannus , i,  m.  (Britannia).  A 
Briton,  (208). 

Brutus , i,  m.  Brutus,  a Roman 
name.  Lucius  Junius  Brutus  was 
one  of  the  first  consuls  of  Rome, 
(168).  Marcus  Junius  Brutus  and 
Decimus  Junius  Brutus  acted 
prominent  parts  in  the  assassina- 
tion of  Caesar,  (211). 

Byzantium , ft,  n.  Byzantium,  a 
city  on  the  Bosphorus,  now  Con- 
stantinople. 

C. 

(7.  An  abbreviation  of  Caius  ; On . 
of  Cnaeus. 

Cado , ere,  cecidi,  casum . To  fall, 
fall  in  battle,  perish. 

Caecus , a,  m.  Blind. 

Caedes , is,  f.  (caedo).  Slaughter, 
bloodshed. 

Caedo,  ere , cecidi,  caesum . To  cut, 
kill,  slay. 

Caesar,  aris,  m.  Caesar,  a surname 
of  the  Julian  family  ; Caius  Julius 
Caesar,  a distinguished  general 
and  statesman.  The  title,  or  sur- 
name, Caesar,  was  also  applied 
generally  to  denote  the  Roman 
emperors,  (208). 

Caius,  ii,  m.  Caius,  a Roman  name. 
See  Caesar. 

Calamitas,  atis,  f.  Loss,  calamity, 
disaster. 

Callide , ius,  issime,  adv.  (callidus). 
Shrewdly,  skilfully. 

Camillus,  i,  m.  Camillus,  a distin- 
guished Roman  general,  (176). 

Campania,  ae,  f.  Campania,  a prov- 
ince in  Central  Italy,  (182). 


Castor] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULAKY. 


140 


Campanus , a,  um,  (Campania).  Cam- 
panian, of  Campania.  Subs,  a Cam- 
panian, (44,  131). 

Campus , i,  m.  A plain,  field  of 
battle. 

Candidas , «,  wm.  White,  clear, 
bright,  light. 

Cardmus,  ii,  m.  Caninius,  a Ro- 
man consul,  (80). 

Cannae , drum , f.  plur.  Cannae,  a 
village  in  Apulia,  famous  for  the 
great  victory  of  Hannibal  over  the 
Romans,  (191). 

Cannensis , tf,  adj.  (Cannae).  Belong- 
ing to  Cannae,  of  Cannae,  (194). 

Cano , ere,  cecini , cantum.  To  sing, 
sound,  crow. 

Canto,  are , atoi,  (cano).  To 

sing,  play. 

Cantus , ws,  m.  (cano).  Singing, 
song,  melody. 

Capax,  ads , (capio).  Capacious, 
large,  comprehensive,  able. 

Capesso , ere,  zz/i,  zfazm,  (capio).  To 
take,  seize;  fugam  capessere , to 
resort  to  flight,  betake  one’s  self 
to  flight.  332,  2,  2. 

Capillus,  i,  m.  Hair. 

Capio , ere,  eey??,  captum.  To  take, 
take  possession  of,  hold,  receive. 

Capitdlis,  e,  (caput).  Deadly,  mor- 
tal, capitals  crimen , a capital 
crime  or  offence. 

Capitolium , zz,  n.  Capitol.  This 
term  is  applied  sometimes  to  the 
temple  of  Jupiter,  and  sometimes 
to  the  whole  Capitoline  Hill,  in- 
cluding both  the  temple  and  the 
citadel  of  Rome. 

Capra,  ae , f.  A she  goat. 

Coptivitas , atis,  f.  (captlvus.)  Cap- 
tivity, bondage. 


Captious , a,  um,  (capio).  Captive, 
enslaved;  substantively , a prison- 
er, a captive. 

Captus,  a,  um,  part,  (capio).  Cap- 
tured, taken. 

Capua,  ae,  f.  Capua,  the  chief  city 
of  Campania,  (204). 

Caput,  itis,  n.  Head,  capital ; cap'll 
tis  damnare,  to  condemn  to 
death. 

Career,  8ris,  m.  Prison. 

Careo,  ere,  carui,  caritum.  To  be 
destitute,  be  free  from,  be  with- 
out. 

Carmen,  mis , n.  A song,  poem; 
poetry. 

Caro , carnis,  f.  Flesh. 

Carpentum , i,  n.  Chariot,  car- 
riage. 

Carthago , \nis,  f.  Carthage,  an  an- 
cient city  in  Northern  Africa, 
(189).  Carthago  Nova . New 
Carthage,  a town  in  Spain;  now 
Carthagena,  (194). 

Carthaginiensis , e,  adj.  (Carthago). 
Carthaginian ; subs.  Carthagini - 
ensis,  is,  m.  a Carthaginian,  (185). 

Cams,  a,  um.  Dear. 

Cassius,  ii,  m.  Cassius,  a Roman 
name.  Lucius  Cassius,  one  of  the 
accomplices  of  Catiline,  (97, 
15).  Cains  Cassius,  one  of  the 
conspirators  against  Caesar, 
(213). 

Caste,  ius,  iss'ime , adv.  (castus). 
Virtuously,  chastely. 

Castus,  a,  um.  Chaste,  pure. 

Castellum , i,  n.  dirnin.  (castrum). 
Castle,  fortress.  315,  3. 

Castor , oris,  m.  Castor,  son  of  Tyn- 
darus  and  brother  of  Pollux,  (63, 
9). 


150 


LATIN  READER, 


[Castra 


Castra , drum , n.  (pi.  of  castrum , a 
castle).  Camp.  132. 

Casus , us,  m.  (cado).  Fall,  misfor- 
tune, chance,  accident. 

Catilina , ae,  m.  Catiline.  Lucius 
Sergius  Catilina , the  notorious 
conspirator  against  the  Roman 
government,  (207). 

Catinensis  or  Catiniensis , is,  m.  A 
Catinean,  a citizen  of  Catina,  a 
city  in  Sicily,  (223). 

Cato , onis , m.  Cato,  the  name  of 
several  distinguished  Romans. 
The  most  celebrated  was  Marcus 
Porcius  Cato , the  Censor , (88, 13). 

Catulus , t,  m.  Catulus,  surname  of 
Cams  Lutatius , a Roman  consul 
at  the  close  of  the  first  Punic  war, 
(188). 

Caudlnus , a,  m Caudine;  jPwr- 
Caudlnae , the  Caudine 
Forks,  a narrow  defile  near  Cau- 
dium,  in  Italy,  (179). 

Causa , ae,  f.  Cause,  purpose,  busi- 
ness, suit  at  law. 

Causid'icus , i , m.  (causa,  dico). 
Pleader,  advocate ; speaker. 

Oautes,  is,  f.  A crag,  cliff,  rock. 

Caveo,  ere , cav£,  cautum.  To  shun, 
avoid,  guard  against ; s£6i  a& 
aliquo  cavere , to  protect  one’s  self 
from  any  one. 

Cedo,  ere,  cessi , cessum . To  give 
place  to,  yield  to,  withdraw,  de- 
part. 

Celcber , bris,  bre.  Renowned,  cele- 
brated. 

Celebro , are , dvi,  atum , (cel&ber). 
To  celebrate,  solemnize. 

Celer,  celer  is.  Swift.  163,  1. 

Celerltas,  atis,  f.  (celer).  Celerity, 
swiftness. 


Celer  iter,  ius,  r\me,  adv.  (celer). 
Swiftly,  quickly.  305,  2. 

Celia,  ae,  f.  Store-room,  store- 
house; cella  penaria,  granary. 

Celo,  are , dvi,  atum . To  hide,  con- 
ceal. 

Censeo , ere,  censui,  censum . To 

think,  judge,  decree. 

Censorlnus , i,  m.  Censorinus,  sur- 
name of  Lucius  Marcius , a Roman 
consul  in  the  third  Punic  war, 
(199). 

Census,  us,  m.  Census. 

Centum,  indec.  Hundred. 

Centurio,  onis,  m.  (centum).  Cen- 
turion. 

Cerno,  ere,  crevi,  cretum.  To  per- 
ceive, see,  discern. 

Certamen,  inis,  n.  (certo).  Contest, 
game,  engagement, 

Certatim,  adv.  (certatus,  from  certo). 
Earnestly,  eagerly. 

Certo,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  fight, 
struggle,  contend,  endeavor. 

Certus,  a,  um.  Sure,  certain  ; cer- 
tidrem  facere , to  inform. 

Cesso,  are , dvi,  atum.,  (cedo).  To 
cease,  pause. 

Ceterus , a,  um,  nom.  sing.  m.  not 
used.  The  other,  the  rest. 

Chaeronea , ae,  f.  Chaeronea,  a town 
in  Boeotia,  the  birth-place  of  Plu- 
tarch, (232). 

Chersonesus , i,  f.  The  Chersonesus, 
a peninsula  in  Thracia,  west  of  the 
Hellespont. 

Christianas,  a,  um.  Christian,  often 
used  substantively . 

Cicatrix , ids,  f.  Scar. 

CicZro,  onis , m.  Cicero,  the  cele- 
brated Roman  orator,  (207). 

Cindnndtus,  t,  m.  Cincinnatus,  a 


Coe©] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY, 


151 


renowned  Roman  citizen  and  dic- 
tator, (71). 

Cineas,  ae,  m.  A friend  and  favorite 
minister  of  Pyrrhus. 

Cingo , ere , cinxi,  dnctum*  To  sur- 
round, encompass ; crown ; invest. 

China,  ae,  m,  Cinna,  a surname 
among  the  Romans.  Lucius  Cor- 
nelius Cinna,  confederate  of  Ma- 
rius in  the  civil  war,  (203). 

Circa , prep,  with  acc.  About, 
around,  among. 

CircUer,  prep,  with  acc.  About, 
near. 

Circum  — circa. 

Circum-do,  dare,  dedi,  datum.  To 
place  around,  surround,  invest 

Circum-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum . To 
go  around,  surround,  encompass, 
295. 

Circumspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spedum . 
(circum,  specio).  To  look  round, 
look  for,  seek. 

Circum-venio , Ire,  veni,  ventum . Tu 
come  around,  encompass,  sur- 
round, circumvent,  deceive. 

Cis,  prep,  with  acc.  On  this  side 
of,  within. 

Cito,  are,  dvi,  dtum . To  excite, 
urge,  hasten ; citato  equo,  at  full 
gallop  or  speed. 

Cito , citius,  citissime,  adv.  (citus). 
Soon,  quickly. 

Citra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  acc.  On 
this  side. 

Citus , a , um.  Quick,  swift,  rapid. 

Civilis,  e , (civis).  Civil,  domestic. 

Civilitas , atis,  f.  (civilis).  Civility, 
politeness. 

Cwis,  is,  m.  and  f.  Citizen. 

Civitas , atis , f.  (civis).  City,  state, 
citizenship. 


Clades,  is,  f.  Loss,  slaughter,  de- 
struction, defeat 

Clam,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  or 
abL  Secretly,  without  the  know- 
ledge of. 

Clarus,  a,  urru  Splendid,  renowned, 
illustrious,  clear. 

Classiarius , ii,  m.  (classis).  A ma- 
rine, pi  naval  forces. 

Classis,  is,  f.  A fleet 

Claudius,  ii,  m.  The  fourth  Roman 
emperor,  (41).  Appius  Claudius , 
one  of  the  decemviri,  (26). 

Claudo , daudere,  dausi,  clausum. 
To  close,  shut 

Claudus,  a , um.  Lame. 

Clemens,  ends . Mild,  gentle,  clem- 
ent 

Clemeniia,  ae,  f.  (clemens).  Mild- 
ness, clemency. 

Cleopatra , ae,  f.  Cleopatra,  queen 
of  Egypt,  (211).  Another  of  the 
same  name  was  the  daughter  of 
Philip  of  Macedon,  (234). 

Clipeus , or  dypeus,  i,  m.  Shield. 

Cloaca , ae,  f.  Sewer,  drain. 

Cnaeus,  or  Cneus,  i,  m.  Cnaeus,  a 
Roman  name;  as  Cnaeus  Pom - 
peius. 

Coarguo , ere,  coargui,  (cum,  arguo). 
To  arraign,  accuse,  indict;  con- 
vict 

Codes,  itis,  m.  Codes,  a Roman 
surname.  Horatius  Codes,  a Ro- 
man, distinguished  in  the  war  with 
PorsSna,  (171). 

Coelum , i,  n.  The  heavens,  sky, 
weather. 

Coena , ae,  f.  Principal  meal  of  the 
Romans,  supper,  dinner. 

Coeo , ire , ivi  or  ii,  i turn,  (cum,  eo). 
To  collect,  assemble.  295. 


152 


LATIN  READER. 


[Coepi 


Coepi,  isti , it,  def.  To  begin.  297. 

Coerceo , ercere , ercui,  ercdum,  (cum, 
arceo).  To  check,  confine,  re- 
strain. 

Cogito,  are , dvi,  dtum.  To  thiuk, 
ponder. 

Cogndtus,  a , um.  Related,  subs,  a 
relative. 

Cognitus , a,  part,  (cognosco). 

Ascertained,  known. 

Cognomen , mis , n.  (cum,  nomen  or 
gnomen).  Surname. 

Cognomino , «re,  ori,  dtum,  (cogno- 
men). To  surname,  call,  name. 

Cognosco,  ere , nbvi,  nitum,  (cum, 
nosco  or  gnosco).  To  ascertain, 
learn,  recognize. 

Cogo,  ere , ooe^,  coactum.  To  col- 
lect, force,  compel. 

Cohibeo , ere,  ui , itum,  (cum,  habeo). 
To  hold,  check,  confine. 

Cohors , cohortis , f.  Cohort,  tenth 
part  of  a legion. 

Collatlnus , i,  m.  Collatinus,  sur- 
name of  Tarquinius,  the  colleague 
of  Brutus  in  the  consulship, 
(169). 

Collega,  ae,  m.  Colleague. 

Colllgo , ere,  legi , ledum,  (cum,  lego). 
To  collect,  bring  together. 

Colloco,  are,  dvi,  dtum , (cum,  loco). 
To  place,  set,  erect ; to  give  in 
marriage. 

Colloquium , ii,  n.  (colloquor).  Con- 
versation, interview. 

Colloquor,  loqui,  locutus  sum,  dep. 
(cum,  loquor).  To  converse,  talk 
with. 

Collum,  i,  n.  Neck. 

Colo,  ere,  colui , cultum.  To  culti- 
vate ; honor,  worship. 

Color,  oris,  m.  Color,  complexion. 


Comburo,  ere,  bussi,  bustum,  (cum, 
buro  = uro,  to  burn).  To  burn, 
consume. 

Comes,  itis,  m.  and  f.  Companion. 

Comissatio,  onis,  f.  Revelling. 

Commedtus,  us,  m.  Supplies. 

Commembro,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cum, 
mernoro).  To  recall,  remember, 
commemorate,  mention. 

Commentor , dri , dtus  sum,  dep.  To 
meditate,  muse  upon,  consider, 
think,  devise,  invent. 

Commigro , are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cum, 
migro).  To  migrate. 

Comminuo , bre,  minui,  minutum, 
(cum,  minuo).  To  dash  in  pieces, 
crush  ; lessen  ; weaken. 

Committo , ere,  misi,  missum,  (cum, 
mitto).  To  bring  together,  unite, 
intrust,  commit ; pugnam  commit - 
tere,  to  engage  in  battle. 

Commodum , i,  n.  Advantage,  bene- 
fit. 

Commodus,  a,  um,  (cum,  modus). 
Suitable,  fit,  proper,  convenient. 

Cornmonefacio,  ere,  feci,  factum, 
(cum,  moneo,  facio).  To  put  in 
mind,  remind,  impress  earnestly. 

Commoror,  dri,  dtus  sum,  (cum,  mo- 
ror).  To  tarry,  delay. 

Commoveo , ere,  movi,  moturn,  (cum, 
moveo).  To  move,  excite. 

Communis,  e.  Common. 

Communiter,  adv.  (communis).  In 
common,  conjointly. 

Commutatio,  bviis,  f.  Change. 

Compdro,  are,  dvi,  atum , (cum, 
paro).  To  prepare,  make,  pro- 
cure, compare. 

Compello,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cum,  pol- 
io). To  address,  call. 

Compello,  ere,  puli,  pulsum,  (cum, 


CONGRESSIOJ 


LATLtf-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


153 


pello).  To  thrust  together,  to 
force,  compel,  impel. 

Compensation  onis , f.  Compensa- 
tion, exchange,  barter. 

Comperio , ire,  peri , pertum.  To 
find,  find  out. 

Compes,  edis , f.  (cum,  pes).  Fetter, 
chain. 

Compesco , £re,  cui . To  confine, 
check. 

Complector , &*,  plexus  sum , (cum, 
plector).  To  embrace,  encompass. 

Compleo , ere,  ew‘,  eta,  (cum,  pleo). 
To  fill,  complete. 

Complures , a.  More  than  one ; 
several,  very  many. 

Compono , ere,  posui,  posltum , (cum, 
pono).  To  settle,  adjust,  adapt, 
compose. 

Comporio , are,  aw,  dtum,  (cum, 
porto).  To  carry,  bear,  collect. 

Compos , o/is,  (cum,  potis).  Having 
the  mastery  or  control  over  any- 
thing ; sharing  in,  partaldng  of. 

Comprehendo , ere,  <&,  sam,  (cum, 
prehendo).  To  seize,  arrest,  com- 
prehend. 

Concedo,  ere , eessi,  cessum , (cum, 
cedo).  To  concede,  grant;  to  de- 
part, withdraw  ; jpass.  impers .,  it 
is  conceded. 

Concido,  $re,  cidi , (cum,  cado).  To 
fall,  perish. 

Concilio , are,  aw,  a£am,  (concilium). 
To  unite,  conciliate,  procure,  win. 

Concilium , ii,  n.  Council,  meeting. 

Condo , eras,  f.  Public  assembly. 

Concito , are,  aw,  dtum,  (cum,  cito). 
To  raise ; excite,  excite  rebellion. 

Concordia , «e,  f.  (concors,  harmo- 
nious). Concord,  harmony. 

Concurro , £re,  earn  ( cucurri),  cur-  j 
1* 


sum , (cum,  curro).  To  meet,  as< 
semble ; engage,  fight ; rush  to. 

Conditio , ora's,  f.  (condo).  Condition, 
terms. 

Condo , ere , ditum , (cum,  do). 

To  found  ; conceal,  hide ; place, 
bury. 

Conduco , £re,  efom,  ductum , (cum, 
duco).  To  conduct,  collect ; hire, 
contract  for. 

Confero , conferre , contuli , co^o- 
iwm,  (cum,  fero).  To  collect, 
confer,  compare ; engage  battle  ; 
se  conferre , to  betake  one’s  self. 

Confestim , adv.  Immediately. 

Conficio , ere,  /eej,  fectum , (cum, 
facio).  To  finish,  accomplish, 
make,  produce,  wear  out. 

Confldo , ere,  /isas  sam,  (cum,  fido). 
To  trust,  confide  in. 

Conflgo , ere,  fixi,  fixum,  (cum,  figo.) 
To  transfix,  fasten  together. 

Confingo,  ere , finxi,  ficium , (curn, 
fingo).  To  form,  feign,  pretend. 

Confirmo,  are , aw,  dtum,  (cum, 
firmo).  To  make  firm,  strength- 
en ; encourage ; corroborate. 

Conflsus , a,  am,  part,  (confldo). 
Trusting,  relying  upon. 

Conflgo , ere,  fixi,  flictum,  (cum, 
fligo).  To  engage,  fight. 

Confodio , ere,  fossum , (cum, 
fodio).  To  pierce,  wound. 

Confugio , ere,  fugitum , (cum, 

fugio).  To  flee  for  refuge. 

Congredior , grSdi,  gressus  sum , dep. 
(cum,  gradior).  To  encounter, 
fight. 

Congrego , are,  aw,  dtum,  (cum, 
grego).  To  collect,  congregate. 

Congressio , ora's,  f.  (congredior). 
Engagement,  battle. 


154 


LATIN  READER. 


[CONJICIO 


Conjicio , %re,  jtci,  jectum,  (cum, 
jacio).  To  discharge,  hurl,  throw, 
drive. 

Conjungo , ere,  junxi,  junctum,  (cum, 
jungo).  To  join,  combine 

Conjuratio,  onis , f.  (conjuro).  Con- 
spiracy. 

Conjurdtus,  a , um,  part,  (conjuro). 
Having  conspired. 

Conjuro , are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cum, 
juro)  To  conspire. 

Conjux,  ugis , m.  and  f.  (conjungo). 
Husband,  wife. 

Conon,  onis , m.  Conon,  a cele- 
brated Athenian  general,  (39, 
in). 

Conor,  ari , atus  sum , dep.  To  en- 
deavor, attempt. 

Conscendo , ere,  scendi , scensum , 
(cum,  scando).  To  ascend,  em- 
bark. 

Conscius,  a,  w?w.  Privy  to ; con- 
scious of ; accomplice,  confi- 
dant. 

Conscribo , £re,  scripsi , scriptum 
(cum,  scribo).  To  summon ; to 
enrol,  arrange,  order ; compose. 

Conscriptus , a,  um,  part,  (conscribo). 
Enrolled,  assembled.  Patres  con- 
scripti , conscript  fathers,  i.  e.  sen- 
ators. 

Consccro , are,  dvi , a/wm  (cum,  sa- 
cro).  To  consecrate. 

Consector,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  (cum, 
sector).  To  follow,  pursue. 

Consenesco , 8re,  senui  (cum,  senesco). 
To  grow  old. 

Consequor , sequi,  secutus  sum,  (cum, 
sequor).  To  succeed,  follow,  pur- 
sue ; secure,  obtain. 

Conscro,  ere , ui,  turn,  (cum,  sero). 
To  join  together  rnanum  or  pug- 


nam  conserve,  to  join  battle,  en- 
gage in  battle. 

Conservo,  are,  dvi , dtum , (cum,  ser- 
vo). To  preserve,  watch  over, 
rescue. 

Considero , are , dvi,  dtum . To  in- 
spect, examine. 

Consido,  ere , sedi , sessum,  (cum,  sido). 
To  encamp,  settle. 

Consilium , ii,  n.  Counsel,  advice, 
wisdom,  intention,  design,  council. 

Consisto , ere,  stiti , stitum , (cum, 
sisto).  To  place  or  station  one’s 
self,  to  stand. 

Consolor , «W,  swm,  dep.  (cum, 

solor).  To  comfort,  console. 

Conspectus,  us,  m.  (conspicio). 
Sight,  presence. 

Conspicio , ere , sjoezi,  spectum,  (cum, 
specio).  To  see,  observe. 

Conspicor,  ari,  atus  sum , dep.  (con- 
spicio). To  behold,  see. 

Conspiratio,  onis , f.  (consplro). 
Union,  conspiracy. 

Constanter,  ius , issime , adv.  (consto). 
Consistently. 

Constantia , ae,  f.  (consto).  Con- 
stancy, firmness. 

Constat,  impers, (consto).  It  is  known, 
is  an  admitted  fact. 

Constituo,  ere,  ui,  utum,  (cum,  sta- 
tuo).  To  constitute  ; build,  erect ; 
station,  place ; appoint,  arrange, 
manage. 

Consto,  are,  stiti,  statum , (cum,  sto). 
To  stand  together,  halt. 

Consuesco , ere,  evi,  etum,  (cum,  su- 
esco).  To  be  accustomed. 

Consuetudo , inis,  f.  (consuesco). 
Custom,  usage,  habit. 

Consul,  ulis,  m.  (consulo).  Consul, 
Roman  chief  magistrate . 


COBIOLANUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


155 


Consul iris,  e.  Consular;  subs,  one 

who  ha3  been  consul,  one  of  con- 
sular rank. 

Consulatus , us,  m.  (consul).  Con- 
sulship. 

Cons  id o,  ere,  sului , sultum . To  con- 
sult, consider ; with  dat.  to  consult 
for  one’s  good. 

Consummo,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  fin- 
ish, accomplish,  complete. 

Consumo,  ere , sumpsi,  sumptum , 
(cum,  sumo).  To  consume,  wear 
out,  waste,  use,  employ. 

Contego , ere,  texi , tectum , (cum,  tego). 
To  cover. 

Contemno,  ere,  tempsi,  tetnptum,( cum, 
temno).  To  contemn,  despise,  dis- 
regard. 

Contemptus,  us,  m.  (contemno).  Con- 
tempt, scorn,  disregard. 

Contcndo , $re,  tendi , tentum , (cum, 
tendo).  To  contend,  strive,  at- 
tempt, labor ; betake  one’s  self,  go. 

Contentio,  onis , f.  (contendo).  Ef- 
fort, contest,  struggle,  exertion. 

Contentus , a,  um.  Content,  con- 
tented. 

Contmens,  entis,  (contineo).  Ad- 
joining, continuous ; subs . f.  con- 
tinent. 

Cmtinentia , ae,  f.  (contineo).  For- 
bearance, self-control. 

Contineo,  ere,  tinui , tentum,  (cum, 
teneo).  To  hold,  keep,  check. 

Continuo , are,  dvi,  atum,  (contin- 
uus).  To  connect,  unite,  con- 
tinue. 

Contra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  acc. 
Against,  opposite  to,  contrary  to ; 
on  the  contrary. 

Contra-d'ico , ere , dixi,  dictum.  To 
contradict,  object  to. 


Contrdho,  £re,  traxi , tractum,  (cum, 
traho).  To  collect,  incur,  contract. 

Contrarius,  a,  um,  (contra).  Con- 
trary to,  opposite. 

Contrucido,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (cum, 
trucido).  To  slay,  kill,  mangle. 

Contueor,  tueri,  tuitus  sum,  dep. 
(cum,  tueor).  To  survey,  look 
upon,  behold  ; consider,  ponder. 

Convalesco , ere,  lui , (cum,  valesco). 
To  gain  strength,  recover. 

Conveniens , entis,  (convenio).  Be- 
coming, fit,  proper. 

Convenienter,  ins , issime,  adv.  (con- 
venio). Fitly,  suitably,  agreeably, 
consistently. 

Convenio,  ire,  veni,  ventum,  (cum, 

venio).  To  convene,  assemble, 

meet,  agree,  harmonize,  befit. 

Converto , ere,  verti,  versi&m,  (cum, 

verto).  To  turn,  change,  alter, 

convert. 

Convinco,  8re,  vici,  victum,  (cum, 

vinco).  To  conquer,  convict. 

Convivium , ii,  n.  Feast,  banquet. 

Convoco,  dre,  dvi,  atum,  (cum,  voco). 
To  assemble,  call  together. 

Copia,  ae,  f.  Abundance,  supply, 
ability,  power;  pi.  forces,  stores, 
supplies. 

Coram,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  abl.  In 
the  presence  of,  before. 

Corirdhus , i,  f.  Corinth,  a city  of 
Achaia,  (162). 

Corinthius , a,  um,  (Corinthus).  Co- 
rinthian, subs.  Corinthius,  ii,  m.  a 
Corinthian,  (45). 

Corioldnus,  i,  m.  Coriolanus,  a sur- 
name given  to  Caius  Marcius,  de- 
rived from  Corioli,  the  name  of  a 
town  which  he  had  taken  in  war, 
(174). 


156 


LATIN  READER. 


[CORIOH 


Corioli , drum,  m.  pi.  Corioli,  a 
town  in  Latium,  (174). 

Cornelia , ae , f.  Cornelia,  the  mo- 
ther of  the  Gracchi,  (131). 

Cornelius , ii,  m.  Cornelius,  the  name 
of  a distinguished  Roman  gens, 
including  the  Scipios  ; as,  Publius 
Cornelius  Scipio,  (190,  194). 

Cornelius , a , ww.  Belonging  to  the 
Cornelian  family,  (120). 

Cornu , n.  Horn,  wing  of  an 

army. 

Corona , ae,  f.  Garland,  crown. 

Corpus , oWs,  n.  Body,  community. 

Corrigo , rexi,  rectum , (cum, 

rego).  To  reform,  correct. 

Corripio , ere,  ripui,  reptum , (cum, 
rapio).  To  seize,  lay  hold  of. 

Gorrumpo , ere,  r%?i,  ruptum , (cum, 
rumpo).  To  corrupt,  bribe,  seduce. 

Crass  us,  i , m.  Crassus,  a Roman 
name,  (93).  Marcus  Licinius 
Crassus , a Roman  general,  (204). 

Creber , 6ra,  brum.  Frequent,  nu- 
merous. 

Credo,  tire,  credidi , creditum.  To 
trust,  believe. 

Cremera,  ae,  f.  The  Cremera,  a 
river  of  Etruria,  in  Italy,  (175). 

Oeo,  are,  aw,  dium.  To  appoint, 
elect,  make. 

Cresco , 8re,  crevi,  crHum.  To  grow, 
increase. 

Crimen,  'Inis,  n.  Crime,  accusa- 
tion. 

Criminor,  ciri,  dtus  sum , dep.  (cri- 
men). To  accuse. 

Crinis , is,  m.  Hair. 

Critias,  ae,  m.  Critias,  one  of  the 
thirty  'tyrants  at  Athens,  (228). 

Crixns,  i,  m.  Crixus,  a leader  in 
the  war  of  the  gladiators,  (204). 


Crucio,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (crux).  To 
pain,  ariiict,  torture. 

Crudtlis,  e.  Cruel. 

Crudehtas,  dtis,  f.  (crudglis).  Cru- 
elty. 

Crudeliter,  ius,  issime , adv.  (crude 
lis).  Cruelly. 

Cubitum,  i,  n.  The  elbow,  a cubit. 

Culpa,  ae,  f.  Fault,  blame. 

Cultura,  ae,  f.  (colo).  Agriculture, 
cultivation. 

Cultus , us,  m.  Culture,  necessaries, 
as  food,  clothing,  etc. 

Cum,  prep,  with  abl.  With. 

Cum , conj.  ~ quum. 

Cumae,  drum,  f.  Cumae,  an  ancient 
city  and  colony  in  Campania,  on 
the  sea-coast,  renowned  for  its 
Sibyl,  (49,  7). 

Cunctatioi  dnis,  f.  (cunctor).  De- 
lay. 

Cunctor,  dri,  dtus  sum.  To  delay, 
hesitate. 

Cunctus,  a,  um.  All,  all  together, 

^entire. 

Cupide,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (cupidus). 
Eagerly. 

Cupiditas,  dtis , f.  (cupidus).  Desire, 
wish. 

Cupidus,  a,  um,  (cupio).  Desirous, 
having  desires,  avaricious,  covet- 
ous, fond  of. 

Cupio,  h'e,  ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To  de- 
sire. 

Cur,  adv.  Why,  wherefore. 

Cura,  ae,  f.  Care,  management, 
anxiety. 

Cures , ium,  f.  pi.  Cures,  the  an- 
cient capital  of  the  Sabines, 
(169).  . 

Curia,  ae,  f.  Senate-house ; ward. 

Curiatii , drum,  m.  pi.  The  Curiatii, 


Dedo] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


157 


three  brothers  who  were  selected 
from  the  Aiban  army  to  engage 
in  combat  with  the  three  Roratii, 
also  brothers,  from  the  Romans, 
(160).  See  note  on  u Horatiorum 
et  Curiatiorum ,”  (160). 

Curius , ii,  m.  Curius,  a Roman 
name,  (27). 

Caro , are,  avi , alum.  To  care  for, 
take  care  of. 

Curro,  ere , cucurri , cursum.  To 
run. 

Currus , us,  m.  (curro).  Chariot. 

Cursor,  oris , m.  Cursor,  surname 
of  Lucivx  Papirius,  dictator  in 
the  Samnite  war,  (178). 

Cursus , us,  m.  (curro).  Course. 

Custodia , ae,  f.  Care,  charge  of, 
custody,  confinement. 

Custodio , Ire,  im  or  ii , itum , (custos). 
To  guard,  preserve,  watch. 

Custos,  odls , m.  and  f.  Guard, 
keeper. 

Cynicus,  i,  m.  A Cynic  philosopher, 
a Cynic. 

Cynoscephdlae , arum,  f.  pi.  Cynos- 
cephalae,  “ Dogs’  Heads,”  two 
hills  in  Thessaly,  (197). 

Cyprus , i,  f.  Cyprus,  an  island  in 
the  Mediterranean  sea,  near  Asia 
' Minor,  (27,  11). 

Cyrus,  i,  m.  The  name  of  two  emi- 
nent Persian  princes  ; Cyrus , the 
Great,  the  founder  of  the  Persian 
empire,  (18),  and  Cyrus , the  son 
of  Darius , (225). 

D. 

Damnatio , Onis,  f.  Condemnation. 

Jjamno,  are,  dvi.  dtam,  (damnum). 
To  condemn ; capitis  damnare , to 

condemn  to  death. 


Damnum,  i , n.  Loss,  damage. 

Darius , ii,  m.  Darius,  a celebrated 
king  of  Persia,  (zlo). 

Dalis,  is,  m.  Dalis,  one  of  the  gen- 
erals of  Darius,  (215). 

De,  prep,  with  abl.  Prom,  of,  con- 
cerning, on  the  subject  of,  over. 

Debeo,  ere , ui,  itum.  To  owe, 
ought. 

Debeor,  eri , deblius  sum , dep.  To 
be  due,  belong. 

Debilito,  are , avi , atum.  To  weak- 
en, disable. 

De-eedo,  ere,  cessi , cessum.  To  de- 
part, withdraw,  die. 

Decern , indecl.  Ten. 

Decemplex , ids,  (decern,  plieo,  to 
fold).  Tenfold. 

Decem-vir,  viri,  m.  A decemvir. 

De-cerno , ere,  crevi , cretum.  To  de- 
cide ; contend,  fight ; ’decree,  in- 
trust by  decree. 

Decet,  decuit,  impers.  It  is  seemly, 
becoming,  becomes. 

Decido,  gre,  cidi,  cisum,  (de,  caedo). 
To  cut  off ; decide,  determine. 

Decirnus,  a,  um,  (decern).  Tenth. 

Decipio,  ere,  cepi , ceptum,  (de,  capio). 
To  deceive. 

De-cldro , are , avi , dtum.  To  make 
clear,  manifest ; declare,  pro- 
nounce. 

Decretum , i,  n.  (decemo).  Decree. 

Decus , oris,  n.  Ornament,  honor. 

De-decus,  oris,  n.  Disgrace. 

Dedicatio,  onis , f.  (dedico).  Dedica- 
tion. 

Dedico,  are,  dvi , dtum , (de,  dico). 
To  dedicate. 

Deditio , onis , f.  (dedo).  Surren- 
der. 

De-do,  grc,  didi,  d'dum.  To  surren- 


158 


LATIN  READER. 


[Deduce 


der;  devote  one’s  self  to,  give 
one’s  self  up  to. 

De-duco,  ere , duxi,  ductum.  To  bring 
down,  conduct;  remove;  lead. 

De-fatigo,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  weary, 
fatigue. 

Defectio,  dnis,  f.  (deficio).  Failure, 
eclipse,  defection. 

De-fendo,  tre,  fendiy  fensum.  To 
defend,  ward  off. 

De-fero , ferrey  tuli,  latum . To  offer, 
exhibit,  bestow,  present:  carry  or 
bear  away. 

Deficio , ere,  feci,  fectumy  (de,  facio). 
To  fail,  spend  itself ; be  eclipsed ; 
desert,  revolt. 

Defidgro , are,  avi,  dtum . To  bum, 
burn  down,  consume,  destroy. 

Deformis,  ey  (de,  forma).  Deformed, 
ugly. 

Dc-fungory  gi , functus  sum.  To  dis- 
charge, execute;  die. 

De-glubo , ere,  — , gluptum . To  flay, 
to  skin. 

Dein  or  deindey  adv.  Then,  after- 
wards. 

Deiotarus,  i , m.  Deiotarus,  a king 
of  Galatia,  (206). 

Dejicioy  tre,  jeci,  jectum,  (de,  jacio) 
To  throw  down,  overthrow,  slay. 

De-lectoy  are , avi,  dtum . To  allure  ; 
to  delight,  please. 

Delectus,  a,  urn,  (deligo).  Chosen. 

Deleo , ere,  evi,  etum.  To  destroy, 
efface,  put  an  end  to. 

De-liberoy  are,  dviy  dtum . To  de- 
liberate. 

Deliciae , drum , f.  pi.  Delights, 
pleasures ; delight,  darling,  be- 
loved. 

Deligo,  fye,  legi , ledum,  (de,  lego). 
To  choose,  select ; love. 


Delirium,  ii,  n.  Madness,  dotage, 
instances  of  it. 

Delos  or  Delus,  i,  f.  Delos,  a 
small  island  in  the  Aegean  sea, 
(27,  10). 

Delphi , drum,  m.  pi.  Delphi,  a 
town  of  Phocis,  celebrated  for  the 
temple  and  oracle  of  Apollo, 
(217). 

Demaratus,  i , m.  Demaratus,  the 
father  of  Tarquinius  Priscus, 
(162). 

De-mergo,  b-e,  mersi , mersum . To 
plunge  in,  bury  in,  sink. 

De-mitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.  To  let 
down,  drop,  send  away,  send. 

Democritus,  i,  m.  Democritus,  a 
celebrated  Grecian  philosopher, 


morior).  To  die. 

Demosthenes,  is,  m.  Demosthenes, 
the  most  celebrated  of  the  Gre- 
cian orators,  (92,  7). 

Demum,  adv.  At  length,  finally. 

Denarius,  ii,  m.  Denarius,  a Ro- 
man silver  coin,  worth  about  six- 
teen cents. 

Deni,  aet  a.  Ten  by  ten,  ten  at  a 
time. 

Denique,  adv.  Finally. 

Dens,  dentis,  m.  A tooth. 

De-nudo,  are,  avi , dtum.  To  make 
naked,  strip. 

Denuntiatio , onis,  f.  (denuntio).  De- 
nunciation, warning. 

De  nuntio , are , avi,  atum.  To  de- 
clare, denounce. 

Denuo,  adv.  Again,  afresh. 

De-pello,  ere,  puli,  pulsum.  To  drive 
away,  expel. 

De-pono,  #re,  posui,  positum.  To 


Diasrus 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


159 


lay  down  or  aside,  deposit,  de- 
pose. 

De-populor,  art , dtus  sum . To  pil- 
lage, depopulate. 

De-porto , are , avi,  atum.  To  carry 
off  or  away. 

Depraedor , ari,  a/ws  sam,  (de,  prae- 
dor).  To  ravage,  plunder. 

Deprehendo , ere,  </i,  ««m,  (de,  pre- 
hendo).  To  seize,  catch,  detect, 
surprise. 

De-pugno,  are , ari,  atum.  To  fight. 

Derelictio , oms,  f.  (de,  relinquo). 
Neglect,  disregard. 

De~scribo,  ere , scrips!,  scriptum.  To 
describe  ; impose ; assess  ; desig- 
nate; divide. 

Desero , ere,  serwi,  sertum , (de,  sero). 
To  abandon,  desert. 

De-sidero , are,  aw,  atum.  To  long 
for,  wish,  desire  earnestly. 

Desilio,  Ire , sultum , (de,  salio). 

To  alight,  dismount. 

Desino,  ere , sm  or  s??,  situm,  (de, 
sino).  To  cease,  desist. 

Desipio , ere,  (de,  sapio).  To  be 
void  of  understanding,  be  foolish, 
be  delirious. 

De-sisto,  ere , sftft*,  stitum . To  de- 
sist, leave  off. 

Desperatio,  oms,  f.  (despero).  De- 
spair, desperation. 

De  spero , are,  are,  a£am.  To  de- 
spair. 

Despicio,  ere , spectum , (de, 

specio).  To  despise,  disregard. 

Destino,  are,  avi,  atum . To  destine, 
appoint,  design. 

De-sum,  esse,fui.  To  fail,  be  wanting. 

De-terreo , ere,  m,  itum.  To  deter. 

Detineo , ere,  tfenai,  tentum , (de,  te- 
neo).  To  de'ain,  binder. 


Detrdho , £re,  /raxi,  tractum,  (de, 
traho).  To  draw  or  take  away  or 
from,  detract. 

Detrimentum , i,  n.  Loss,  damage, 
detriment,  harm. 

1) eas,  i , m.  God,  deity.  See  45,  6. 

De-vasto , are,  — , a^wm.  To  devastate, 

pillage. 

De-venio , ire,  veni , ventum.  To  come 
down,  arrive,  reach. 

De-vinco , ere,  vici , victum.  To  con- 
quer. 

Dexter , Jra,  trum.  Right,  on  the 
right  hand. 

Dexira , ae,  f.  The  right  hand. 

Di.  See 

Diadtma , a&s,  n.  Diadem. 

Diagoras , ae,  m.  Diagoras,  a Rho- 
dian athlete,  who  distinguished 
himself  in  the  Olympic  games, 
(143). 

Diana , ae,  f.  The  goddess  Diana, 
the  daughter  of  Jupiter  and  La- 
tona,  and  sister  of  Apollo,  (97). 

ZbVo,  ere,  </m,  dictum.  To  say,  call. 

Dictator , oris,  m.  (dico).  Dictator, 
aw  officer  appointed  by  the  Romans 
in  times  of  great  danger . 

ms,  or  orm,  f.  Dido,  the  foun- 
dress of  Carthage,  daughter  of 
Belus,  (44,  III.) 

2) zes,  ei,  m.  and  f.  Day. 

Difficile , iws,  /ime,  adv.  (difficilis). 

With  difficulty. 

Difficilis , e,  (dis,  facilis).  Difficult. 
163,  2. 

Digitus , i,  m.  Finger. 

Dignitas , a&s,  f.  (dignus).  Dignity, 
rank,  office. 

Dignor,  dri , atas  swm,  (dignus).  To 
deem  worthy,  deign. 

Dignus,  a um.  Worthy. 


160 


LATENT  READER. 


[Dilaeob 


Di-labor , labi,  lapsus  sum , dep.  To 
fall  asunder,  go  to  pieces ; flee ; 
scatter,  disperse. 

Dilutio , ottis,  f.  Delay,  delaying. 

Dill  gens,  entis , (diligo).  Fond  of, 
mindful,  diligent,  observant. 

Dilig enter,  ius , issime , adv.  (diligens). 
Carefully,  diligently,  earnestly. 

Diligentia,  ae,  f.  (diligens).  Dili- 
gence. 

Diligo,  ere,  lexi,  ledum,  (dis,  lego). 
To  choose,  love. 

Dbnico,  are , <m,  atom,  (dis,  di, 
mico).  To  encounter,  fight. 

Di-mitto,  ere,  misi , missum.  To  dis- 
miss, let  go. 

Diogenes,  is,  m.  Diogenes,  the  noted 
Cynic  philosopher  of  Greece,  (135). 

Dion,  onis,  m.  Dion,  brother-in-law 
of  the  tyrant  Dionysius  of  Syra- 
cuse, (31). 

Dionysius,  ii,  m.  Dionysius,  tyrant 
of  Syracuse,  (26). 

Diripio,  ere,  ripui,  repium , (dis,  di, 
rapio).  To  lay  waste,  pillage. 

Diruo,  ere,  dirui , dir  alum,  (dis,  di, 
ruo).  To  destroy,  demolish. 

Dis,  or  di,  in3ep.  prep.  Asunder, 
not. 

Dls-eldo,  ere,  cessi,'  cessum.  To  de- 
part, retire  from. 

Disceptaiio,  onis,  f.  Debate,  quarrel. 

Disciplina,  ae,  f.  Discipline,  in- 
struction. 

Diserpulus,  i,  m.  (disco).  A learner, 
scholar,  disciple. 

Disco,  ere , didlci.  To  learn. 

D scordia,  ae,  f.  Strife,  discord. 

Discordo,  are,  dvi,  alum,  (discors, 
discordant).  To  differ,  be  at  va- 
riance, disagree. 

Discrimen,  inis,  n.  Danger,  crisis. 


Dis-curro , fore,  curri , cur  sum.  To 
run  different  ways,  run  about, 
separate. 

Dispergo , ere,  spersi , spersum,  (dis, 
di,  spargo).  To  scatter,  disperse. 

Displiceo,  ere,  plicui,  plicitum , (di3, 
placeo).  To  displease. 

Dis-puto,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  com- 
pute, estimate ; examine,  investi- 
gate, discuss. 

Dis-sero , ere , serui,  serturn.  To  ex- 
amine, argue,  discuss. 

Dissidium,  ii,  n.  Dissension. 

Dis-similis,  e Unlike,  dissimilar. 

Dissimulo,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  dis- 
semble, conceal,  omit. 

Dis-sipo , are,  dvi , atum.  To  dissi- 
pate, scatter. 

Dis-solvo , ere,  sold,  solutum.  To  de- 
stroy, abolish,  dissolve. 

Dis-tribuo,  ere,  tribui,  tributum.  To 
distribute. 

Districtus,  a,  um,  (distringo).  Busy, 
occupied  with. 

Distringo,  ere,  strinxi,  strictum,  (di, 
stringo).  To  occupy,  engage  at- 
tention. 

Dilio,  onis,  f.  Rule,  sway. 

Diu,  diuiius,  diutissime , adv.  Long, 
for  a long  time. 

Diutmus,  a,  um,  (diu).  Of  long  du- 
ration, lasting. 

Diuturnitas , dtis , f.  (diutumus). 
Long  time. 

Diver sus,  a,  um.  Diverse,  unlike, 
opposite. 

Dives,  it  is.  Rich. 

Divico,  onis,  m.  Divico,  a distin- 
guished Helvetian  general,  (85,  5). 

Divido,  ere,  divisi,  divisum.  To  di- 
vide, allot. 

Divinus , a,  um.  Divine. 


Edo] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


161 


Divitiae , arum , f.  (dives).  Riches, 
wealth. 

Divas,  a , wm.  Divine;  softs.  god, 
goddess. 

Do,  cfore,  dedi,  datum . To  give, 

grant,  impute,  allow. 

Doceo , tre,  ?«,  te.  To  teach. 

Docirina , oe,  f.  Instruction,  learn- 
ing, erudition,  doctrine. 

Doctus , 0,  wm,  (doceo).  Learned, 
skilled. 

Documeniurn , i,  n.  Lesson,  proof, 
specimen,  mark. 

Dolabella , oe,  m.  Dolabella,  a Ro- 
man name.  Publius  Cornelius 
Dolabella , son-in-law  of  Cicero, 
(122). 

Doleo , ere,  ia,  itum.  To  grieve. 

Dolor , oris,  m.  (doleo).  Pain,  grief. 

Dolus , i,  m.  Artifice,  deceit. 

Domesticus,  a , wm,  (domus).  Domes- 
tic, private,  personal. 

Domicilium , ii,  n.  (domus).  Habi- 
tation, abode. 

Dominatio , onis.  Rule,  tyranny. 

Dominatus , os,  m.  Rule,  sove- 
reignty. 

Dominus , i,  m.  Master,  owner. 

Domo , ore,  z«i,  itam.  To  subdue. 

Domus , ns  or  i,  f.  House,  home  ; 
</omi,  at  home. 

Donee , conj.  Until. 

Dono,  are , ovi,  alum , (donum).  To 
give,  present  with. 

Donum , i,  n.  (do).  Present,  gift. 

Dovmio , ire,  m or  ii,  itum.  To 
sleep,  slumber,  rest. 

Dos,  Soft's,  f.  Gift,  dowry. 

Drusus , i,  m.  Drusus,  son  of  the 
Emperor  Tiberius,  (146). 

Dubiiatio , onis,  f.  (dubito).  Doubt, 
hesitation. 


Dubito , ore,  oz/i,  atom.  To  doubt 
hesitate. 

Dubius , o,  wm.  Doubtful ; neiit  o/- 
ien  softs,  doubt. 

Ducenti , ae,  a.  Two  hundred. 

Duco,  ere , einxi,  dudum.  To  lead, 
conduct ; zezV/z  uxorem , to  marry. 

Duillius , ii,  m.  Duillius,  a Roman 
name.  Coins  Duillius , a Roman 

commander  and  consul  in  the  first 
Punic  war,  (185). 

Dulcis , e.  Sweet,  pleasant,  agreeable. 

Dum , conj.  While,  until,  provided. 

Dum-mbdo , conj.  So  long  as,  pro- 
vided that. 

Doo,  oe,  o.  Two,  both.  176,  2. 

Duodtcim , indec.  (duo,  decern). 
Twelve. 

Duodecimus , 0,  owz,  (duodecim). 

Twelfth. 

Duodequadragesimus , 0,  om.  Thirty- 
eighth. 

Duo-de-viginti , indec.  Eighteen. 

Duplex , zeis.  Double. 

Dupllco , ore,  dvi,  dtum , (duplex). 
To  double,  increase. 

Duritia , oe,  f.  (durus).  Hardiness, 
austerity,  rigid  temperance,  hard- 
ship. 

Durus , 0,  zzm.  Hard,  harsh,  rude. 

Doz,  c?oeis,  m.  and  f.  (duco). 
Leader,  guide,  general. 

E 

D'  or  ez,  prep,  with  abl.  From,  out 
of,  of. 

Ebrietas , o£is,  f.  Drunkenness. 

E-disco , ere,  didici.  To  learn  by 
heart,  commit  to  memory. 

E-do , edere,  edidi , editum.  To  set 
forth,  publish ; do,  perform,  make, 
utter. 


162 


LATIN  READER. 


[Edoceo 


Edoceo , ere,  docui , doctum . To 
teach  one  thoroughly,  inform,  in- 
struct. 

E-duco , ere,  cftm,  ductum.  To  lead 
out  or  forth. 

Effero , are,  dri,  atoi.  To  enrage, 
madden,  render  unmanageable. 

Effero , ferre,  extali,  datum , (ex, 
fero).  To  bring  forth,  carry  forth 
or  out ; elate. 

Efficio , ere,  feci,fedum , (ex,  facio). 
To  effect,  occasion,  accomplish, 
make,  render. 

Effluo,  ere , jluxi,  fluxum , (ex,  fluo). 
To  flow  out,  pass  away,  disappear. 

Effugio , ere,filgi , fugitum , (ex,  fu- 
gio).  To  flee,  escape  from,  escape. 

Effundo , ere,  fudi,  fusum,  (ex,  fun- 
do).  To  pour  out,  pour  ; indulge 
in ; squander,  waste. 

Z£/eo,  eyere,  e^?a.  To  need,  to  want, 
require,  to  be  without. 

Egeria , ae,  f.  Egeria,  a prophetic 
nymph  from  whom  Numa  pro- 
fessed to  receive  instructions, 
(159). 

2&70,  mei,  I.  Egomet,  I myself. 
184,  3. 

Egredior,  egredi,  egressus  sum , dep. 
(e,  gradior).  To  go  or  come  out, 
to  go  forth,  to  go,  to  run  away. 

Egregie,  adv.  (egregius).  Excel- 
lently, remarkably. 

Egregius , a,  um.  Excellent,  dis- 
tinguished. 

Ejicio,  ere,  ejeci,  ejectum,  (e,  jacio). 
To  throw  or  drive  out,  expel; 
reject. 

E-labor,  elabi,  elapsus  sum,  dep.  To 
slip  away,  get  off,  escape. 

E-laboro,  are,  avi,  atum . To  labor, 
exert  one’s  self. 


Elegantia,  ae,  f.  Elegance,  taste, 
propriety. 

Elementa,  drum,  n.  pi.  The  first 
principles,  rudiments,  elements. 

Elephantus,  i,  m.  Elephant. 

Eligo , ere,  elegi,  electum,  (e,  lego). 
To  choose,  elect. 

Eloquens,  entis,  (eloquor).  Eloquent. 

Eloquenter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (elo- 
quens). Eloquently. 

Eloquentia,  ae,  f.  Eloquence. 

Eloquor , loqui,  locutus  sum,  dep. 
To  speak  out,  utter,  declare,  tell. 

Emax,  acis,  (emo).  Eager  to  buy, 
fond  of  buying. 

E-mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersum.  To 
emerge,  come  to  light,  rise  in  im- 
portance. 

Eminentia,  ae,  f.  Eminence,  ex- 
cellence. 

Emineo,  ere,  ui.  To  stand  out,  be 
prominent  or  conspicuous. 

E-mitto,  ere , misi,  missum.  To  send 
forth  or  away ; let  go. 

Emo,  ere,  emi,  emptum . To  buy, 
purchase. 

Emolumentum,  i,  n.  Effort,  exer- 
tion ; gain,  profit,  advantage. 

Enim,  conj.  For,  indeed. 

Eniteo,  ere,  nitui.  To  shine  forth ; 
be  distinguished. 

Ennius , ii,  n.  Ennius,  a celebrated 
Roman  poet,  (120). 

Eo,  adv.  Thither;  therefore;  eo 
usque,  so  far,  to  such  an  extent. 

Eo,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  go; 
walk,  sail,  ride,  pass.  295. 

Eodem,  adv.  (idem).  To  the  same 
place. 

Epaminondas,  ae,  m.  Epaminondas, 
a celebrated  Theban  general, 
(92,  5). 


Excbdo] 


LATENT-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


163 


Epheshts,  a , urn.  Ephesian,  relating 
to  Ephesus,  of  Ephesus,  bora  at 
Ephesus,  (97). 

Epigramma , dtisy  n.  Inscription, 
epigram.  90,  1. 

EplricSy  t,  f.  Epirus,  a province  in 
the  north  of  Greece,  (180). 

Epistbla , ae,  f.  A letter,  epistle. 

Epulaey  arumy  f.  pi.  Food,  banquet, 
feast. 

Epulory  ariy  atus  sumy  (epulae).  To 
feast. 

Equesy  itisy  m.  (equus).  Horseman. 
PI.  cavalry. 

Equestery  trisy  trey  (eques).  Eques- 
trian. 

Equideniy  conj.  Indeed,  truly,  by 
all  means. 

EquitdtuSy  usy  m.  Cavalry. 

Equus y iy  m.  Horse : ex  equoy  from 
a horse,  on  horseback. 

Eretridy  aey  f.  Eretria,  an  impor- 
tant city  on  the  island  of  Euboea, 
(16). 

Ergay  prep,  with  acc.  Towards. 

ErgOy  adv.  Therefore  ; as  subs.  abl. 
on  account  of,  for,  with  gen . 

ErigOy  erey  erexiy  erectumy  (e,  rego). 
To  raise  up,  animate. 

EripiOy  erey  eripuiy  ereptumy  (e,  ra- 
pio).  To  snatch  or  take  away. 

Error , orisy  m.  Error,  deception. 

ErudiOy  irey  ivi  or  iiy  Itum.  To  in- 
struct, refine,  discipline. 

ErudituSy  a,  umy  part,  (erudio).* 
Learned,  instructed  in. 

E-rumpOy  erey  rupiy  ruptum.  To^ 
break  forth,  rush  forth. 

EruOy  erey  eruiy  erutumy  (e,  ruo).  To 
root  out,  destroy. 

Escay  aey  f.  Food,  bait. 

Ety  conj.  And;  et — ety  both — and. 


Et-bnimy  conj.  For,  truly,  because 
that,  since. 

Etiam.  Also,  even. 

Etiam-si.  Even  if,  although. 

Etiam-tumy  conj.  Even  then,  till 
then,  still. 

Etruridy  aey  f.  Etruria,  a country 
of  Central  Italy ; Tuscany,  (190). 

EtruscuSy  iy  m.  An  Etruscan,  inha- 
bitant of  Etruria,  (171). 

Et-si.  Even  if,  although,  though. 

Euboedy  aey  f.  Euboea,  an  island  in 
the  Aegean  sea,  (84).  [(144). 

EuriptdeSyiSy  m.  An  Athenian  poet, 

EuphrateSy  is , m.  A river  in  Asia,  ( 24). 

Europdy  aey  f.  The  continent  of 
Europe. 

EurybiadeSy  isy  m.  A king  of  Sparta, 
(219). 

EvadOy  erey  vdsiy  vdsum . To  go 
out ; to  turn  out,  become ; escape ; 
evade. 

E-veniOy  irey  veniy  ventum.  To  come 
forth,  happen ; evenity  uty  it 
chanced,  that. 

E-vertOy  erey  vertiy  versum.  To  pull 
down,  overthrow. 

EvocOy  are , dviy  atumy  (e,  voco).  To 
call  forth,  summon. 

Evbloy  drey  dviy  dtumy  (e,  volo).  To 
fly  or  flee  away,  hasten  away. 

Ex,  prep,  with  abl.  From.  See  e 
or  ex. 

Ex-adversum  or  ex-adversusy  adv., 
and  prep,  with  acc.  Opposite, 
against. 

Ex-ammo y drey  dviy  atum.  To  de- 
prive of  life  or  spirit ; kill. 

Ex-ardescOy  ere , arsi.  To  kindle,  be 
inflamed  ; break  out,  as  war. 

Ex-cedoy  erCy  cessiy  cessum.  To  retire, 
withdraw. 


LATIN  EEADEB. 


[Excello 


161 

Ex-cello , ere,  cellai , celsum.  To  ele- 
vate ; excel,  be  eminent. 

Excelsus , a,  wj,  (excello).  Lofty. 

Excidium , «,  n.  Destruction,  ruin. 

Excipio , ere,  ceptum , (ex,  ca- 

pio).  To  take  out,  except. 

Ex-cito , are,  <m,  alum.  To  excite, 
arouse,  awaken,  strengthen. 

Excludo , ere,  clun,  clusum,  (ex,  clau- 
do).  To  exclude,  shut  out,  cut  off. 

Ex-cogito,  are,  avi , dtum.  To  devise, 
think  out. 

Excutio,  ere,  cussi,  cussum , (ex,  qua- 
tio).  To  shake  or  throw  off. 

Exemplum,  i,  n.  Example. 

Ex-eo,  ire,  ivi  or  ii , itum.  To  go 
from  or  forth. 

Exerceo,  ere,  cui,  citum,  (ex,  arceo). 
To  exercise,  practise. 

Exercitus,  us,  m.  (exerceo).  Army, 
train. 

Ex-haurio,  ire,  hausi,  hauslum.  To 
exhaust,  impoverish. 

Ex-horresco,  ere,  horrui.  To  dread, 
to  tremble  at. 

Expo,  ere,  egi,  actum,  (ex,  ago). 
To  drive  out,  expel ; finish,  end ; 
demand. 

Exiguus , a,  um.  Small. 

j Eximius,  a,  um.  Excellent,  choice, 
remarkable. 

Exirno,  ere,  emi,  emptum,  (ex,  emo). 
To  take  away  or  from  ; exempt ; 
rescue. 

Existimdtio,  onis,  f.  (existimo).  An 
opinion,  judgment,  supposition ; 
reputation. 

Existimo,  are , dvi,  dtum,  (ex,  aesti- 
mo).  To  judge,  think. 

Exiiium,  ii,  n.  (exeo).  End,  death, 
destruction. 

Ex-orior , oriri , otdus  sum , dep., 


partly  of  3d  conj.  To  arise ; be 
derived  from.  286,  2. 

Ex-orno,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  adorn, 
beautify,  embellish,  furnish,  equip. 

Exdsus , a,  um.  Hating,  hated, 
odious. 

Expedio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  re- 
lease, extricate ; also  to  be  expe- 
dient, or  profitable. 

Expeditio,  onis,  f.  (expedio).  Expe- 
dition. 

Ex-pello,  ere,  puli,  pulsum.  To  ex- 
pel, drive  away,  banish. 

Ex-peto , ere,  ivi  or  ii,  itum . To 
seek,  request. 

Ex-pleo,  ere , evi,  etum.  To  fill,  make 
full;  fulfil. 

Ex-plico,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  unfold ; 
adjust ; settle. 

Explordtor,  oris,  m.  Explorer,  spy. 

Ex-pugno,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  take, 
conquer,  storm. 

Ex-scindo,  ere,  scidi , scissum.  To 
destroy. 

Ex-sculpo,  ere,  sculpsi , sculptum.  To 
erase. 

ExsecrabXlis,  e.  Detestable. 

Exsequiae,  drum,  f.  pi.  Funeral. 

Ex-sequor,  sequi,  secfdus  sum.  To 
prosecute,  accomplish,  finish  ; per- 
form. 

Exsilium,  ii,  n.  Banishment,  exile. 

Exspedatio,  onis,  f.  (exspecto).  Ex- 
pectation, high  hope. 

Exspecto,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  await, 
expect. 

Ex-siinguo,.cre , stinxi,  stinctum.  To 
extinguish,  destroy. 

Exstruo,  ere,  slruxi,  sirudum.  To 
build,  construct. 

Exsul,  Tdis,  m.  and  f.  An  exile. 

Ex-templo , adv.  Immediately. 


Fidklis] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


165 


Ex-lorqueo , ere , fom,  tortum.  To 
extort,  obtain  by  force. 

Ex-tralio , ere,  tr actum.  To 

extract,  draw  out,  remove ; rescue. 

F 

Eabius , ii,  m.  Fabius,  the  name  of 
a distinguished  Roman  family. 
Quintus  Fabius  Maximus,  the 
celebrated  Roman  general  who 
so  successfully  weakened  Hanni- 
bal in  the  first  Punic  war,  (17  5). 

Fabricius , ii,  m.  Fabricius,  a dis- 
tinguished leader  of  the  Romans  in 
the  war  against  Pyrrhus,  (182). 

Fab  ala,  ae , f.  Report,  narrative, 
fable,  story,  drama. 

Facies , ei,  f.  A face,  appearance. 

Facile , ius,  lime , adv.  (facilis).  Easily. 

Facilis , g (facio).  Easy. 

Facinus , oris,  n.  Heed,  act ; wick- 
edness, crime. 

Facio , ere,  /ee?',  factum.  To  do,  act, 
make,  compose. 

Factio,  onis , f.  Faction,  party. 

Facultas,  dtis,  f.  Capacity,  ability, 
resource,  opportunity ; jo/wr.  riches, 
property,  resources. 

Folio,  ere,  fefelli , falsum.  To  de- 
ceive, foil. 

Falsus , «,  um.  False,  spurious. 

Fama,  ae,  f.  Fame,  report. 

Fames,  is,  f.  Hunger,  famine. 

Familia,  ae,  f.  Retinue  of  slaves,  a 
family. 

Familiaritas , dtis,  f.  Friendship, 
intimacy. 

Famula , ae,  f.  Female  slave. 

Fannius , ii,  m.  Fannius,  a Roman 
name,  (43). 

Fanum,  i,  n.  Temple. 

Fascis,  is,  m.  A bundle,  parcel. 


Fastidio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To 
loathe,  despise,  disdain. 

Fatdlis,  e,  (fatum).  Fated,  fatal. 

Fatly o,  are,  dvi , dtum.  To  oppress, 
trouble,  weary,  importune. 

Fatum,  i,  n.  Fate,  destiny,  oracle. 

Fauce,  abl.  f. ; plur.  fauces,  faucium. 
Throat,  jaws. 

Faustulus,  i,  m.  Faustulus,  the 
shepherd  who  brought  up  Romu- 
lus and  Remus,  (153). 

Faveo,  ere,  favi,  f avium.  To  favor. 

Favor,  oris , m.  (faveo).  Favor, 
kindness. 

Felicitas , dtis , f.  (felix).  Felicity, 
success. 

Feliciier,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (felix). 
Happily,  prosperously. 

Fells,  is,  f.  Cat. 

Felix,  ids.  Happy. 

Femina,  ae,  f.  Woman,  female. 

Femur,  oris,  n.  Thigh. 

Fera,  ae,  f.  Wild  beast. 

Ferax,  dcis.  Fertile,  fruitful,  pro- 
ductive. 

Fere,  adv.  Almost. 

j Ferine,  adv.  Almost. 

Ferio,  ire.  To  strike,  beat. 

Fero,  ferre,  tuli,  latum.  To  bear, 
endure  ; raise  ; say,  tell ; propose, 
as  law.  292. 

Ferox,  dels.  Bold,  warlike,  savage. 

Ferrum,  i,  n.  Iron,  sword. 

Fcrtilis,  e.  Fertile,  rich. 

Ferns,  a,  um.  Wild,  rude,  cruel ; 
ferus  and  fera  (subs.),  wild  animal 
or  beast. 

Fessus,  a,  um.  Wearied,  exhausted. 

Fesiino,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  hasten. 

Feslus,  a,  um.  Festal ; festum  (subs.), 
a festival,  feast. 

Fidelis,  e,  (tides).  Faithful,  trusty. 


166 


LATIN  READER. 


[Fid* 


Fides , ei,  f.  Fidelity,  allegiance; 
protection,  confidence,  assurance ; 
in  fidem , under  protection. 

Ficfo,  ere , /sits  swm.  To  trust, 
confide. 

Fiducia,  ae,  f.  Trust,  confidence. 

Filia,  ae,  f.,  dat.  and  abl.  pi.  Jilidbus . 
Daughter.  42,  3,  4). 

Filius,  ii,  m.  Son. 

Fingo,  ere , /rm,  fictum.  To  form, 
feign,  represent. 

Finio,  ire,  ivi,  i/wm,  (finis).  To 
finish,  put  an  end  to. 

Finis,  is , m.  and  f.  Limit,  end  ; pi. 
territory. 

Finitimus , a,  um . Neighboring  ; 

swbs.  a neighbor. 

Fio,  fieri , f actus  sum , pass,  of  /ado. 
To  be  made  ; become,  happen. 
294. 

Firme , adv.  Firmly,  resolutely. 

Firmitas , ads,  f.  (firmus).  Firmness, 
strength. 

Firmus , a,  Strong,  secure,  firm. 

Flagitiosus,  a,  «m.  Infamous,  aban- 
doned. 

Flagitium , ii , n.  Disgrace,  shame, 
base  deed. 

Flagro , ore,  dvi,  dtum.  To  bum,  be 
carried  on  with  zeal. 

Flaminius , ii , m.  Flaminius,  a Ho- 
man consul,  defeated  by  Hannibal 
at  the  Lake  Trasimenus,  (190). 

Flamma , ae,  f.  Flame. 
t Flecto,  £re,  flexi , flexum.  To  bend, 
turn. 

Fletus,  us,  m.  Weeping,  tears. 

Florens,  entis , (floreo).  Blooming, 
youthful,  excellent.  Florens  aetas , 
youth. 

Floresco , #re,  florui,  (floreo).  To 
bloom,  flourish,  prosper ; excel. 


F?os,  oris,  m.  Blossom,  flower. 

Flnrnen,  inis,  n.  Stream,  river. 

Fluvius , ii,  m.  River. 

Foederdtus , a,  um . Confederate, 

allied. 

Foedus , eris,  n.  League,  alliance^ 
treaty. 

Fows,  onds,  m.  Spring,  fountain. 

Forem,  es,  etc. = essern,  es,  etc.,  Might 
be  ; fore~ futurum  esse . See  297, 
III.  2. 

Formo,  are , dvi , dtum.  To  form, 
fashion,  adjust. 

jPors,  fortis,  f.  Chance  ; abl.  /orte 
as  adv.,  by  chance,  perchance. 

Forsitan,  (fors,  sit,  an).  Perhaps. 

Fortasse.  Perhaps. 

.Forte.  See  /ors. 

Fortis , Brave,  valiant. 

Fortiter , ius,  issime,  adv.  (fortis). 
Bravely. 

Fortitudo , inis,  f.  (fortis).  Forti- 
tude, bravery. 

Fortuna,  ae,  f.  Fortune. 

Forum,  i,  n.  Market-place,  forum. 

Fossa , ae,  f.  Ditch,  trench. 

Frango,  Zre,  fregi , fractum.  To 
break. 

Fraler,  iris,  m.  Brother. 

Fraus,  dis,  f.  Fraud,  deceit. 

Frequenter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  Fre- 
quently, in  great  numbers. 

Fretus,  a,  um.  Trusting,  relying 
upon. 

Fructus , us,  m.  Fruit,  produce. 

Frugalitas,  atis,  f.  Frugality,  in- 
tegrity. 

Frumentum,  i,  n.  Cora,  grain. 

Fruor,  frui,  fruXtus  and  fructus 
sum,  dep.  To  enjoy. 

Frustra,  adv.  In  vain. 

Fuga,  ae,  f.  Flight. 


Gracchus] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


167 


Fug xo,  ere,  fugi,  fugitum.  To  fly, 
flee,  avoid,  shun. 

Fugo,  are , dvi,  atum.  To  rout,  put 
to  flight. 

Fvlgur , uris,  n.  Lightning,  thun- 
derbolt. 

Fulguratio , dnis,  f.  Lightning. 

Fulmen , inis,  n.  Lightning,  thun- 
derbolt. 

Fundamentum , i,  n.  Foundation. 

Funditus , adv.  Utterly,  entirely. 

Fundo , ere,  /weft,  fusum.  To  pour 
out,  shed,  rout;  also  to  make, 
cast. 

Funcstus,  a , ww,  (funus).  Deadly, 
destructive ; mournful,  sad. 

Fungor,  fungi,  functus  sum , dep.  To 
discharge,  perform,  pay. 

Furcula , ae,  f.  Fork.  Furculae 
Caudinae  ; see  Caudinus . 

Furius,  ft,  m.  Furius,  a Roman  fa- 
mily name,  as  Marcus  Furius  Ca- 
millus  ; see  Camillus. 

Furor , oris , m.  Fury,  madness. 

Furtum,  i , n.  Theft. 

Futurus , a,  w/n,  part.  (sum).  Future. 

G. 

Galatia , <ze,  f.  Galatia,  a country 
of  Asia  Minor,  (206). 

Gallia,  ae,  f.  The  ancient  country 
of  Gaul,  (209). 

Gallicus , a,  um,  (Gallia).  Gallic. 

Galllna,  ae,  f.  Hen. 

Gallics,  i,  m.  A cock. 

Gallus , i , m.  (Gallia).  A Gaul,  a 
native  of  Gaul,  (39,  III.). 

Gaudeo,  Ire,  gavlsus  sum.  To  re- 
joice, take  pleasure  in.  272,  3. 

Gaudium,  ii,  n.  Joy,  pleasure. 

Gemlnus , a,  um.  Twin,  double. 

Gemma,  ae,  f.  Gem. 


Gener , 2ri,  m.  Son-in-law. 

Genero,  are , dvi,  dtum,  (genus).  To 
beget,  create,  produce. 

Genitus,  a,  um,  part,  (gigno).  Born, 
produced. 

Gens,  gentis , f.  Family,  clan,  tribe, 
nation,  race.  IJbXnam  gentium , 
where  in  the  world  ? 

Genus,  eris,  n.  Race,  family,  peo- 
ple, kind. 

Germania,  ae,  i.  Germany,  (39, 
V.). 

Germanus , i,  m.  (Germania).  A 
German,  (30). 

Gero,  ere , gessi,  gestum.  To  bear, 
wear;  carry  on,  perform;  wage, 
as  war. 

Gestio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To  de- 
sire, long  for. 

Gigno,  ere,  genui,  genitum.  To 
bring  forth,  beget,  produce. 

Glacidlis , e.  Icy,  freezing. 

Gladiator,  oris,  m.  Gladiator,  a 
fighter  at  the  public  games. 

Gladiatorius , a,  um,  (gladiator). 
Gladiatorial. 

Gladius,  ii,  m.  Sword. 

Glisco,  ere.  To  grow,  spread ; rise. 

Gloria,  ae,  f.  Glory. 

Glorior,  dri,  atus  sum,  dep.  To 
boast,  exult,  glory. 

Gracchus,  i,  m.  Gracchus,  a Ro- 
man name.  Sempronius  Grac- 
chus, the  Roman  general  defeat- 
ed by  Hannibal  at  the  Trebia, 
(190).  Gracchi,  drum,  m.  pi. 
The  Gracchi,  members  of  the 
Gracchus  family,  but  especially 
the  two  brothers,  Tiberius  Corner 
lius  Gracchus  and  Caius  Corne- 
lius Gracchus,  famous  in  the  poli- 
tical history  of  Rome,  (131). 


'!,AB 


168 


LATIN  READER, 


[Gradus 


Gradus , us,  m.  Step,  position,  stair. 

Graece,  adv.  (Graecus).  In  the 
Greek  language,  in  Greek. 

Graecia , ae , f.  Greece,  (210). 

Graecus  or  Graius , a , urn,  (Grae- 
eia).  Grecian.  Subs.  Graecus 
or  Grains , i,  m.  A Greek,  (30, 
8). 

Grammafica , ae,  f.  Grammar. 

Grammaticus , a,  Of  or  be- 

longing to  grammar,  grammatical. 

Grandis , e.  Large,  great. 

Grando , mis,  f.  Hail. 

Gratia , ae,  f.  Favor,  gratitude ; 
thanks;  gratia , abl.  for  the 
sake  of. 

Gratiis  or  gratis,  adv.  For  nothing, 
without  pay. 

Gratulatio , orais,  f.  Gratulation, 
congratulation. 

Grains,  a,  um.  Pleasing,  accept- 
able ; grateful. 

Gravis , e,  Heavy,  severe. 

Gravitas,  atis,  f.  (gravis).  Weight; 
dignity,  gravity. 

Graviter , ius , issime , adv.  (gravis). 
Heavily,  severely. 

Gravo,  are , avi,  atoi,  (gravis).  To 
burden,  load. 

GVas,  ^rwis,  m.  and  f.  Crane. 

Guberndtor , oris,  m.  Pilot,  ruler, 
governor. 

Guberno , are,  ari,  To  steer, 

pilot;  direct,  manage. 

Gylippus , i,  m.  Gylippus,  a Spar- 
tan commander  in  the  Sicilian 
expedition,  (223). 

H. 

Habeo , ere,  m,  ta.  To  have ; re- 
gard ; keep.  Sermonem  habere, 
to  hold  a conversation. 


Hab'Uo , are,  <Jri,  dium,  (habeo).  To 
inhabit,  live  in,  dwell  in.  332, 

1.  2. 

Habitus , ws,  m.  (habeo).  Habit, 
dress,  attire. 

Hamilcar,  dris , m.  Hamilcar,  the 
father  of  Hannibal,  (186). 

Hamus , i,  m.  Fish-hook,  hook. 

Hannibal , aiis,  m.  Hannibal,  the 
celebrated  Carthaginian  general  in 
the  second  Punic  war,  (189). 

Hanno,  onis,  m.  Hanno,  a Cartha- 
ginian general  in  the  second  Punic 
war,  (195). 

Hasdrubal , a£is,  m.  Hasdrubal, 
son  of  Hamilcar  and  brother  of 
Hannibal,  (192).  Another  of  the 
same  name  was  the  brother-in-law 
of  Hannibal,  and  the  founder  of 
New  Carthage,  in  Spain. 

Hasta , ae,  f.  Spear. 

Hastile,  is,  n.  Spear. 

Hastilis,  e,  (hasta).  Belonging  to  a 
spear. 

Hand,  adv.  Not. 

Haurio,  ire,  hausi , haustum . To 
drink,  draw  out,  exhaust. 

Hector,  oris,  m.  Hector,  son  of 
Priam  and  Hecuba,  the  bravest 
of  the  Trojans,  (146). 

Hedera,  ae,  f.  Ivy. 

Hellespontus,  i,  m.  Hellespont,  the 
straits  of  the  Dardanelles. 

Helvetii , drum,  m.  The  Helvetians, 
a people  of  Gaul,  (42). 

Hercules,  is,  m.  Hercules,  a cele- 
brated Grecian  hero,  deified  after 
death. 

Heres,  edis,  m.  and  f.  Heir,  heir- 
ess. 

Herennius,  ii,  m.  Herennius,  the 
father  of  Pontius  Thelesinus,  who 


Ico] 


LATIN-ENGLISn  VOCABULARY. 


169 


conquered  the  Romans  at  the  Cau- 
dine  Forks,  (n9). 

Herodotus,  i , m.  Herodotus,  a cele- 
brated Grecian  historian,  (20). 

Heros,  ois,  m.  Hero. 

Hen  ! interj.  Oh  ! Ah  ! Alas  ! 

Hiberna,  drum , n.  (kibernus).  Win- 
ter-quarters. 

Hie , haec , hoc.  This,  he,  she,  it. 

Hie , adv.  Here,  in  this  place. 

Hiems , emis,  f.  Storm,  winter. 

Hiero,  dnis , m.  Hiero,  king  of  Sy- 
racuse at  the  time  of  the  first  Pu- 
nic war,  (185). 

Hierosolyma , ae,  f.  or  drum,  n.  pi. 
Jerusalem,  the  capital  of  Judea, 
(2u6). 

Hinc , adv.  (hie).  Hence,  on  this  ac- 
count, on  this  side;  hinc — June, 
on  the  one  side — on  the  other 
side. 

Hippies,  ae,  m.  Eippias,  son  of 
Pisistratus,  tyrant  of  Athens, 
(97).  _ 

Hispania , ae,  f.  Spain,  (9*7). 

Hispdnds,  a,  um.  Spanish ; subs. 
Hispdnus,  i,  m.  A Spaniard, 
(194). 

Historia,  ae,  f.  History. 

Hodie , adv.  To-day. 

Hoedus , i , m.  A kid,  young  goat. 

Homer  us,  i,  m.  Homer,  the  cele- 
brated Greek  epic  poet,  (134). 

Homo,  mis,  m.  and  f.  Human  being, 
man. 

Honestas , dtis,  f.  (honestus).  Honor, 
honesty. 

Honesie,  ius , issime,  adv.  (honestus). 
Honorably,  nobly,  honestly. 

Honestus,  a,  um,,  (honor).  Full  of 
honor,  honorable,  creditable,  wor- 
thy, virtuous. 

8 


Honor  or  honos,  oris,  m.  Honor, 
rank,  dignity. 

Honor ifice,  centius , centissime,  adv. 
(honorificus).  Honorably.  305. 

Jlonoro,  are,  dvi,  dtum , (honor).  To 
honor,  reverence. 

Hora,  ae,  f.  Hour. 

Ilcrreo , ere , horrui.  To  shudder, 
shudder  at,  dread. 

Horatii,  drum,  m pi.  See  Curiatii  ; 
also  note  on  “ Horatiorum  et  Cu- 
riatidrum,  (160). 

Horatius,  ii,  m.  See  Codes  and 
Pulvillus . 

Ilortensius,  ii,  m.  Hortensius,  a 
Roman  name.  Qumtus  Horten- 
sius Hortalus,  a celebrated  orator 
in  the  time  of  Cicero,  (84,  91). 

llorior,  ari , atus  sum,  dep.  To 
exhort,  incite. 

Hospita , ae,  f.  Guest. 

Ilostia,  ae,  f.  Victim. 

Jlostilis , e,  (hostis).  Hostile. 

Hostilius,  ii,  m.  Hostilius,  a Roman 
name.  Tullus  Hostilius , the  third 
king  of  Rome,  (160).  Cains 
Hostilius  Manclnus , a Roman 
consul,  (201). 

Hostis,  is,  m.  and  f.  Enemy. 

Humanus,  a,  um,  (homo).  Human. 

Humilis,  e.  Humble,  small,  low. 

Ilumo,  are,  dvi , dtum.  To  bury. 

Hypdnis , is,  m.  Eypanis,  a river 
of  Sarmatia,  (85). 

L 

Ibdrus,  i , m.  Iberua,  a river  of 
Spain,  now  the  Ebro,  (25). 

Ibi,  adv.  There,  in  that  place. 

Ico,  dre,  id,  ictum . To  strike; 
make,  ratify. 


170 


LATIN  READER. 


Idem,  eadem , idem . The  same ; 

sometimes  best  rendered  by  also. 

IdoneuSy  a , um.  Suitable,  fit. 

Igitur , conj.  Therefore,  accord- 
ingly- 

IgnavuSy  a,  um.  Slothful,  indo- 
lent. 

Ignis , is , m.  Fire. 

Ignoro , are , am,  atum.  To  be  ig- 
norant of,  not  know. 

Ignosco,  ere , ignovi , ignotum.  To 
excuse,  forgive,  overlook. 

Menses , tarn,  m.  Inhabitants  of 
Ilium,  Trojans,  (146). 

Ilium,  ii,  n.  Ilium,  or  Troy,  some- 
times applied  to  the  city,  and 
sometimes  to  the  district,  (236). 

llle,  a , ud.  That ; he,  she,  it. 

lllustris , e.  Illustrious,  famous. 

Iilustro,  are , am,  atum,  (illustris). 
To  enlighten,  illumine,  illustrate, 
celebrate. 

lllyricus,  a,  um,  or  Illyrius , a,  wm, 
Illyrian,  of  or  pertaining  to  Illy- 
ria, a country  on  the  northeastern 
coast  of  the  Adriatic,  (245).  Subs, 
lllyricus  or  Illyrius,  i,  m.,  an  Illy- 
rian. 

Imago,  inis,  f.  Image,  figure,  pic- 
ture. 

Imbecillus,  a,  um,  or  imbecillis , e. 
Weak,  feeble. 

Tmbuo,  ere,  imbui , imbutum . To 
imbue,  impress. 

Imitatio , dnis , f.  Imitation. 

Imttor , dri , aftjs  sam,  dep.  To  imi- 
tate, copy,  portray,  counterfeit. 

Immaturus,  a,  um,  (in,  maturus). 
Young,  immature. 

Immemor , oris , (in,  memor).  Un- 
mindful, forgetful. 

Immitto , £rc,  mist,  missum , (in,  mit- 


[Ibess 

to).  To  send  or  let  in ; let  go ; 
bring  forward. 

Immortalis^  e , (in,  xnortalis).  Im- 
mortal. 

Immortalitas,  dtis , f.  (immortaiis.) 
Immortality. 

Immunitas , dtis , f.  Immunity,  ex- 
emption. 

Imo  or  immo,  adv.  Yes  indeed,  in- 
deed, by  all  means. 

Impatiens,  ends,  (in,  patiens).  Im- 
patient. 

Impaiienter,  ius,  issime , adv.  (impa- 
tiens). Impatiently. 

Impedimentum , i,  n.  (impedio).  Im- 
pediment, obstacle ; pi.  bag- 
gage. 

Impedio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To 
impede,  embarrass;  hinder,  pre- 
vent. 

Impello,  ere,  puli , pul  sum,  (in,  pel- 
lo).  To  impel,  induce. 

Impensa,  ae,  f.  Expense,  cost. 

Imperdtor,  oris , m.  (impero).  Com- 
mander, emperor. 

Imperitus,  a,  um,  (in,  peritus).  Un- 
skilled, ignorant. 

Imperium,  ii,  n.  (impgro).  Com- 
mand, power,  rule,  sway,  reign. 

Impero,  are,  am,  atum.  To  com- 
mand, rule,  govern. 

Impetro , are,  avi , atum.  To  ac- 
complish, obtain. 

Impetus,  us,  m.  Attack,  fury. 

Impietas,  dtis,  f.  (impius).  Want 
of  respect,  irreverence,  impiety. 

Impius , a,  um,  (in,  pius).  Unduti- 

» ful,  irreverent,  impious,  abandon- 
ed. 

Impono,  $re,  posui , positnm,  (in, 
pono).  To  place  or  put  in  or  to ; 
eiyoin;  impose. 


Infans] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


171 


Imprdbo,  are , dvi,  atum,  (in,  probo). 
To  reject. 

Imprudenter,  ins , issime,  adv.  (im- 
prudens,  imprudent).  Imprudently. 

Impubes,  eris.  Youthful,  young. 

Impugno,  are , dvi , dtum , (in,  pugno). 
To  assail,  attack. 

Impulsus , as,  m.  (impello).  Instiga- 
tion. 

In,  prep,  with  acc.  or  abl.  Into,  to, 
for,  against,  with  acc.  ; in,  on,  with 
abl 

Indnis , e.  Empty,  void ; vain,  fool- 
ish, useless. 

Incendium , ii,  n.  (incendo).  Fire, 
conflagration. 

Incendo , ere,  cendi,  censum.  To  set 
on  fire,  inflame,  excite. 

In-certus , a,  m Uncertain., 

Incesso , ere,  cesslvi  or  eessi.  To  at- 
tack. 

Inchoo , are,  To  begin, 

commence. 

Incido,  ere , cdsum , (in,  cado). 

To  fall  into  or  upon,  fall  in  with, 
happen. 

Incido , ere,  cisum , (in,  caedo). 

To  cut,  destroy. 

Incipio , ere,  ce/n,  ceptum , (in,  capio). 
To  begin,  undertake. 

Incitamentum , 2.  n.  (incito).  Incen- 
tive, inducement. 

Incitdtus , a,  wm,  (incito).  Running ; 
eywo  incitato,  at  full  speed. 

In-cito , are,  <m,  afem.  To  incite, 
hasten,  spur  on  ; inspire. 

In-clino,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  incline, 
bend ; joass.  to  sink,  go  to  ruin. 

Incola,  ae , m.  and  f.  (incolo).  In- 
habitant. 

In-colo,  ere,  colui , cultum.  To  dwell, 
abide  in,  inhabit. 


In-columis , e.  Safe,  uninjured. 

In-credibilis , e.  Incredible. 

Incrementum , i,  n.  Growth,  in- 
crease. 

Incursio , oms,  f.  (incurro).  Attack, 
inroad. 

7/ie?e,  adv.  Thence,  from  that 
place. 

Indecore , adv.  Disgracefully. 

India,  ae,  f.  India,  an  extensive 
country  of  Asia,  (242). 

In-dico , ere,  dixi,  dictum . To  de- 
clare, publish,  appoint. 

Indigeo , ere,  indigui.  To  need ; 
part,  indigens,  as  ae?/.  or  sa&s.  in. 
digent,  an  indigent  person. 

Indignatio,  onis,  f.  (indignor).  Scorn, 
indignation. 

Indignor,  dri,  atus  sum,  (indignus). 
To  disdain,  scorn ; be  indignant. 

In-dignus,  a,  um.  Unworthy,  harsh, 
indecent. 

In-domitus , a , um.  Unsubdued,  in- 
vincible. 

In-dubildtus,  a,  um.  Undoubted,  cer- 
tain. 

Induciae , or  indutiae , drum,  f.  pi. 
Truce. 

In-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  in- 
duce, lead  into,  overlay,  adorn 
with,  gild. 

Indurdtus,  a,  um,  (induro).  Obdu- 
rate, hardened. 

In-duro , are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  harden. 

Industria,  ae,  f.  Industry. 

In  eo,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To  enter, 
go  into  ; gratiam  inlre,  to  obtain 
the  favor  of,  conciliate.  295. 

Inermis,  e,  (in,  arma).  Unarmed. 

Inf  amis,  e.  Infamous,  notorious. 

Infans,  antis,  adj.  Speechless, 
dumb ; subs,  an  infant. 


172 


LATIN  READER. 


[Infelix 


Infelix , ids.  Unhappy,  unfortu- 
nate. 

Infensus,  a,  um.  Exasperated,  en- 
raged. 

Inferior , ius.  Inferior.  163,  3. 

In-fero,  ferre,  tuli,  illdtum.  To  carry 
against,  wage  against.  292,  2. 

Jrfesto , are,  dvi,  dtum,  (infestus). 
To  infest,  trouble. 

Infestus , a,  wm.  Infested,  trouble- 
some, hostile. 

In-finiius , a,  wm.  Great,  infinite, 
boundless,  of  unlimited  power. 

In-flammo , are,  ayi,  a/wm.  To  set 
on  fire,  burn,  infiame,  arouse. 

Informis,  e,  (in,  forma).  Shapeless, 
deformed. 

Infrendo , ere,  — , fressum , f resum. 
To  gnash  with  the  teeth. 

Infringo,  ere , fregi,  fr actum,  (in, 
frango).  To  infringe,  break. 

Infula , ae,  f.  Fillet,  head-dress, 
badge  of  office. 

h-gimo , ere,  m.  To  groan,  la- 
ment. 

Ingenium , ii,  n.  Character,  genius, 
intellect,  power. 

Ingens , e%ft$.  Great,  mighty. 

Ingratiis  or  ingraUs , adv.  Against 
one’s  will. 

In-grdtus , a,  wm.  Disagreeable, 
offensive,  ungrateful. 

In-gredior , gredi , gressus  sum , dep. 
(in,  gradior).  To  enter,  encoun- 
ter. 

In-hacreo,  ere , Aaesi,  haesum.  To 
cleave  or  stick  to,  to  stick  fast, 
adhere. 

In-hio , are,  ari,  a/m  To  gape, 
stand  open  ; desire,  long  for. 

Inhumanitas , aft's,  f.  (inhumanus). 
Barbarity,  incivility,  inhumanity. 


Inimlcus , a,  «m,  (in,  amicus).  Hos- 
tile ; sa6s.  an  enemy. 

Iniquus , a,  wm,  (in,  aequus).  Un- 
favorable, unjust. 

Initium , ii , n.  (ineo).  Beginning; 
sacred  mysteries. 

Injicio , ere,  yeci,  jectum , (in,  jacio). 
To  throw  in;  cause;  inspire  with. 

Injuria , ae,  f.  Injury,  wrong. 

In  juste,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (injustus). 
Unjustly. 

In-justus,  a,  um.  Unjust,  oppress- 
ive, severe. 

In-nocens , ercfts.  Innocent. 

In-notesco,  ere,  notui.  To  become 
known. 

In-noxius,  a , wa  Harmless,  inno- 
cent. 

In-numerabilis,  e.  Innumerable. 

In-opinatus,  a,  um.  Sudden,  unex- 
pected. 

Inquam , defective.  To  say.  See 
297,  II.  2. 

Insania,  ae,  f.  Insanity,  folly. 

Inscitia,  ae,  f.  Ignorance. 

In-sequor,  sequi,  secutus  sum.  To  fol- 
low, pursue. 

Insidiae,  arum,  f,  pi.  Ambush, 
treachery,  plot. 

Insigne,  is,  n.  Mark,  sign ; joft 
badges  of  office,  insignia. 

Insignis,  e.  Distinguished,  noted. 

In-simulo,  are , dvi,  dium.  To  blame, 
accuse,  charge. 

In-sisto , ere,  sftft,  stitum.  To  per- 
sist ; urge ; entreat. 

In-solens,  entis.  Unusual,  insolent. 

Insolenter,  ius , issime , adv.  (inso- 
lens).  Insolently. 

Tmpecto,  are , cm,  a/wm.  To  look 
at,  to  look  on. 

lnspicio , ere,  spexi , spectum,  (in,  spe- 


Inutilis] 


LATm-ElSGLTSH  VOCABULARY. 


173 


cio).  To  consider,  inspect,  look 
on. 

Insiauro , are,  dvi , atum.  To  renew. 

lnstiiuo , ere , stitui , stitutum , (in,  sta- 
tuo).  To  institute,  establish. 

Imtitutum , i,  n.  (instituo).  Habit, 
manner,  custom,  institution. 

Jn-sto , s/arc,  datum.  To  stand 
in  or  upon  a thing,  be  near  to  ; to 
urge,  insist,  beg  earnestly. 

Instrumentum , i,  n.  (instruo).  Im- 
plements, movables,  goods. 

In-struo , ore,  struxi , strudum.  To 
prepare,  build,  furnish  with, 
equip. 

Insula , ac,  f.  Island. 

In-super.  Moreover. 

In-tactus , a,  wm.  Unharmed. 

Integer , <?m,  grum.  Whole,  entire, 
unhurt ; just,  impartial,  neutral. 

Integritas , a£is,  f.  (integer).  Inte- 
grity, probity,  honesty. 

Inielligentia , ac,  f.  (inteiligo).  Intel- 
ligence, discernment,  understand- 
ing. 

Inteiligo , ere,  /m,  ledum.  To  un- 
derstand, perceive,  know. 

JWer,  prep,  with  acc.  Between, 
among,  in  the  midst  of. 

Inter  cipio,  ere , cojoi,  ceptum , (inter, 
capio).  To  catch ; intercept,  take 
from. 

Inter  cliido,  ere , clusum , (inter, 

claudo).  To  prevent,  cut  off. 

Inter-d.um , adv.  Sometimes. 

Inter-ea , adv.  In  the  mean  time. 

Inter -eo,  Ire , m or  ti,  To 

perish.  295. 

Inter-est , impers.  It  concerns,  it  is 
important. 

Inter fedor , oris , m.  (interficio). 
Murderer. 


Interficio , ore,  /m,  fedum , (inter, 
facio).  To  kill,  slay. 

Interim , adv.  In  the  mean  time, 
meanwhile. 

Interimo , ere,  emi,  emptum , (inter, 
emo).  To  deprive  of,  to  kill. 

Interior , ius.  Interior,  inland.  166. 

Interitus , ws,  m.  (intereo).  Destruc- 
tion. 

Interjino , ere,  jcci,  jedum , (inter, 
jacio).  To  place  between ; awwo 
inter jedo%  at  the  expiration  of  a 
year. 

Interne  cio,  dnis , f.  Slaughter. 

Inier-nuncius  or  inter  nuntius,  ii,  m. 
Messenger. 

Interregnum , i,  n.  An  interreign, 
interregnum. 

In-territus , a,  wm.  Fearless,  undis- 
mayed. 

Inter-rogo , arc,  aw,  atum.  To  ask, 
question. 

Inter-rum po,  ere , rwpi,  r upturn.  To 
break  down,  interrupt. 

Inter-sero , ere,  semi,  sertum . To  al- 
lege, interpose. 

Inter  sum,  esse,fui.  To  be  present 
at,  take  part  in. 

Inter -venio,  Ire,  veni,  ventum.  To 
intervene,  occur. 

Intestinus,  a,  um.  Intestine,  civil. 

ifttfra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  acc. 
Within. 

Intro,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  enter. 

Intro-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  en- 
ter. 295. 

In-tueor,  fueri,  tuitus  sum.  To  look 
at,  observe. 

Aite,  adv.  Within. 

In-usitdtus , a,  um.  Unusual,  extra- 
ordinary. 

In-utUis , e . Useless. 


174 


LATIN  HEADER. 


[Invado 


In-vado , $re,  vdsi,  vdsum . To  in- 
vade, seize. 

In-venio , ire , vewi,  ventum.  To  find, 
invent,  devise,  meet  with. 

Jnventrix , Iczs,  f.  (inventor).  In- 
ventress. 

In-vicem , adv.  By  turns,  one  an- 
other. 

In-vidus,  a , wm.  Unconquered,  in- 
vincible. 

In-video , ere,  mJi,  visum . To  envy. 

Invidia , ae,  f.  Envy,  hatred. 

Invisus , a,  wm,  Odious,  hateful. 

Invito,  are , am,  a£am.  To  invite, 
allure. 

Invitus , a,  am.  Unwilling. 

Ionia , ae,  f.  Ionia,  a country  in  the 
western  part  of  Asia  Minor,  (224). 

Idnes,  um,  m.  pi.  The  Ionians. 

Iphicrdtes,  is,  m.  Iphi crates,  a cele- 
brated Athenian  general.  He  rose 
from  an  humble  station  to  the 
highest  offices  of  state,  (49). 

.^se,  a,  wm.  Self,  himself,  herself, 
itself. 

Ira , ae>,  f.  Anger. 

Irascor,  irasci , irdtus  sum,  dep.  To 
be  angry,  be  in  a rage. 

Irdtus , a,  um,  (irascor).  Enraged, 
angry,  angered. 

Irreparabilis , e.  Irrecoverable. 

Irrideo , ere,  rlsi , risum , (in,  rideo). 
To  ridicule,  laugh  at,  laugh. 

Irrlto,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  provoke, 
irritate,  incite. 

Irrumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum,  (in, 
rumpo).  To  rush  into,  make  an 
incursion  into. 

Is,  ea,  id.  He,  she,  it,  that,  such. 

Isocr  des , is,  m.  Isocrates,  a famous 
orator  and  teacher  of  rhetoric  at 
Athens,  (45). 


Iste,  a,  ud.  That,  such;  sometimes 
used  in  contempt. 

Ister,  tri,  m.  The  river  Danube. 
This  name  is  applied  to  the  lower 
part  of  the  river,  the  upper 
part  taking  the  name  Danubius, 
(215). 

Ita,  adv.  Thus,  so ; to  such  an  ex- 
tent. 

Italia,  ae,  f.  Italy,  (180). 

Italicus  or  Itdlus , a,  um.  Italian ; 
subs.  Itdlus , i , m.,  an  Italian, 

(148). 

Itd-que , adv.  Therefore,  and  thus, 
accordingly. 

Iter,  itineris , n.  Way,  march,  route, 
road. 

Iterum,  adv.  Again,  a second  time. 

J 

Jaceo , ere,  ui,  itum.  To  lie. 

Jacio , ere,  jcci,  jadum.  To  throw, 
hurl ; also,  to  lay,  place,  erect. 

Jaculum , i,  n.  (jacio).  Dart,  javelin. 

Jam,  adv.  Now,  already. 

Janicutum , i,  n.  Janieulum,  a hill 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Tiber,  not 
one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome, 
though  included  within  the  wall 
built  by  Aurelian  in  the  third 
century,  (148). 

Jocus,  i,  m.,  also  in  the  pi.  joca,  jo - 
corum.  Joke,  jest.  141. 

Jubeo , ere,  jussi,  jussum.  To  order, 
direct. 

Jucundus,  a,  um.  Pleasing,  pleasant, 
delightful. 

Judaea,  ae,  f.  Judea,  (206). 

Judaeus,  a,  um.  Jewish  ; subs.  Ju- 
daeus, i,  m.,  a Jew,  (206). 

Judex , ids,  m.  and  f.  ( judico).  Judge, 
arbiter. 


Lassitudo] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


175 


Judicium , ii,  n.  (judex).  Judgment; 
decision,  trial. 

Julico , are,  avi , alum.  To  judge. 

Jugum , *,  n.  Yoke. 

Julius,  ii,  m.  See  Caesar . 

Jungo,  ere,  junxi,  jundum.  To  join, 
unite ; societcdem  jungere , to  form 
a partnership. 

Junior,  ius , (juvenis).  Younger. 
168,  8. 

Junius,  ii , m.  Junius,  a Roman 
name;  as  Cams  Junius,  consul 
and  dictator,  (20,  7).  See  Bruins. 

Jupiter,  Jovis,  m.  Jupiter,  king  of 
the  gods.  66,  3. 

Juro,  are , avi , atum . To  take  oath, 
swear. 

Jus , juris , n,  Right,  justice,  autho- 
rity, control ; ywre,  with  or  by 
right,  justly,  properly. 

Jusiitia,  ae,  f.  (justus).  Justice. 

Justus,  a,  um , (jus).  Just. 

Juvenca , f.  Heifer,  cow. 

Juvencus , i,  m.  A young  bullock. 

Juvenis,  e.  Young  ; subs,  a youth. 
168,  3. 

Juvenius,  utis , f.  (juvenis).  Youth ; 
the  period  of  youth. 

Juvo,  are,  juvi,  juium.  To  help,  aid, 
assist,  support. 

L 

L.  An  abbreviation  of  Lucius. 

Labienus , i,  m.  Labienus,  a Roman 
name.  Titus  Labienus , the  legate 
of  Caesar  in  Gaul,  (56,  14). 

Labor,  oris , m.  Labor,  work. 

Labtiro,  are,  avi , atum , (labor).  To 
labor,  strive,  take  pains  ; toil ; 
suffer. 

Lac,  lactis,  n.  Milk. 

Lacedaemon,  tints,  f.  The  city  of 


Lacedaemon  or  Sparta,  the  capital 
of  Laconia,  (94). 

Lacedaemomus,  a,  um . Lacedaemo- 
nian or  Spartan;  subs.  Lacedae- 
momus, ii,  m.,  a Lacedaemonian 
or  Spartan,  (123). 

Lacesso,  ere,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum . To  ex- 
cite, assail,  provoke. 

Laconia  or  Laconica,  ae,  f.  Laco- 
nia, a country  of  the  Peloponnesus, 
(222), 

Laco  or  Lacon,  tints,  m.  A Laconian. 

Lacrvma  or  lacryma , ae,  f.  Tear. 

Lacrimo  or  lacryma,  are , avi,  atum, 
(lacrima).  To  weep,  shed  tears. 

Lacus , us,  m.  Lake.  116,  4. 

Laelius,  ii,  m.  Laelius,  a Roman 
name.  Cams  Laelius,  a celebrated 
Roman  consul  and  augur,  sur- 
named  the  Wise.  He  was  the  in- 
timate friend  of  Scipio  Africa'nus 
the  Younger,  (65). 

Laetiiia , ae,  f.  (laetus).  Joy,  glad- 
ness. 

Laetus,  a,  um.  Glad,  joyous,  pleased. 

Laevinus,  i,  m.  Laevinus,  a Roman 
name.  Publius  Valerius  Laevinus, 
a Roman  consul,  (180).  Marcus 
Valerius  Laevinus,  also  a Roman 
consul  and  a distinguished  com- 
mander, (193). 

Laevus,  a,  um.  Left,  on  the  left 
hand. 

Lamachus,  i,  m.  Lamachus,  an 
Athenian  general  in  the  Sicilian 
expedition,  (223). 

Lamia,  ae,  m.  Lamia,  a Roman 
surname,  (71 ). 

Lardo,  are , avi,  atum.  To  tear  in 
pieces. 

Lassitudo,  inis , f.  Fatigue,  weari- 
ness. 


176 


LATIN  HEADER. 


[Late bra 


Laiebra , ae,  f.  Retreat,  hiding-place,  i 

pretence. 

Latlne , adv.  (Latlnus).  In  Latin. 

Latlnus , i,  m.  Latinus,  an  ancient 
king  of  the  Laurentians  in  Italy, 
(149).  _ 

Latium , ii,  n.  Latium,  a country  of 
Italy  containing  Rome,  (167). 

Latinus,  a , w/n,  adj.  Latin ; subs. 
Latinus,  i,  m.,  an  inhabitant  of 
Latium,  a Latin ; jtZ  the  Latins, 
(161).  . 

Latro,  onis , m.  Robber. 

Latus,  a,  um . Broad,  wide. 

Lotus,  eris , n.  Side. 

Laudabilis , e,  (laudo).  Praiseworthy, 
laudable. 

Laudo,  are,  dvi , alum,  (laus).  To 

praise. 

Laurentia,  ae,  f.  See  Acca . 
laudis,  f.  Praise. 

Lavinia , «£,  f.  Lavinia,  daughter  of 
Latinus  and  wife  of  Aeneas,  (149). 

Lavinium , li,  n.  Lavinium,  a town 
in  Latium,  a few  miles  south  of 
Rome,  founded  by  Aeneas,  and 
named  by  him  after  his  wife  Lavi- 
nia,  (149). 

Laxo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  relax, 
loosen. 

Lectito , are,  dvi,  dtum,  (lego).  To 
read  often,  with  eagerness,  to  read. 
332,  I.  2. 

Lectus , a,  um,  (lego).  Choice,  ex- 
cellent. 

Legaiio , onis , f.  Legation,  embassy. 

LegCdus,  i , m.  Ambassador,  lieuten- 
ant, messenger. 

Legio,  onis,  f.  Legion,  a body  of 
soldiers. 

Lego,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (lex).  To  be- 
queathe as  a legacy. 


| Lego,  ere,  legi,  lectum.  To  choose, 

| elect ; read. 

Lent  ulus,  i,  m.  Lentulus,  a surname 
of  a distinguished  Roman  family. 
Publius  Cornelius  Lentulus,  a con- 
spirator with  Catiline,  (97,  15). 

Leo , onis,  m.  Lion. 

Leonidas,  ae,  m.  Leonidas,  a Spar- 
tan king  who  fell  at  Thermopylae, 
(124). 

Lepidus,  i , m.  Lepidus,  one  of  the 
triumvirs  with  Octavianus  and 
Antony,  (83,  212). 

Lesbos  or  Lesbus , i,  f.  Lesbos,  a 
celebrated  island  in  the  Aegean 
Sea,  (49,  12). 

Let  Jis , e,  (letum).  Deadly,  mortal. 

Letum , i,  n.  Death. 

Leuctra , Crum,  n.  pi.  Leuctra,  a 
small  town  in  Boeotia,  celebrated 
for  the  victory  of  Epaminondas 
over  the  Lacedaemonians,  (229). 

Leuctricus,  a,  um.  Of  or  belonging 
to  Leuctra  ; Leuctrian,  (230). 

Levis,  e.  Light,  easy. 

Leviter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (levis). 
Lightly,  slightly. 

Lex,  legis,  f.  Law,  condition,  terms. 

Liber,  bri,  m.  Book. 

Liber,  era,  erum . Free. 

Libiri,  Crum,  m.  pi.  Children. 

Libero,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (liber).  To 
liberate,  free. 

Liber tas,  dtis,  f.  (liber).  Liberty, 
freedom. 

Licet,  impers.  It  is  lawful,  is  per- 
mitted. 

Licet,  conj.  Although,  though. 

Licinius,  ii,  m.  Licinius,  a Roman 
name.  Publius  Licinius,  a Roman 
consul  and  commander  in  the  war 
with  Perseus,  (198).  Marcus  Li - 


Magnifice] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


177 


cinins  Crassus , proconsul  in  the 
war  of  the  gladiators,  (204). 

Ligneus , a,  um.  Wooden,  of  wood. 

Ligures,  um,  m.  pi.  The  Ligurians, 
inhabitants  of  Liguria  in  the  west- 
ern part  of  Italy,  (130). 

Lilybaeum , i,  n.  Lilybaeum,  a pro- 
montory on  the  southwestern  coast 
of  Sicily,  (188). 

Lis,  litis,  f.  Strife,  quarrel,  lawsuit. 

Liltcrae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Letter,  letters  ; 
literature.  lo2. 

Litus,  oris,  n.  Shore,  sea-shore. 

Locupleto,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  en- 
rich, make  rich. 

Locus,  i , m.,  pi.  loci  or  loca,  n.  Place. 
141. 

Longe,  ins,  issime , adv.  (longus). 
Much,  greatly,  by  far. 

Longinquus , a , um.  Remote,  dis- 
tant, long. 

Longitudo,  inis,  f.  (longus).  Length. 

Longus,  a,  um.  Long. 

Loquor,  loqui,  loculus  sum.  To 
speak,  converse. 

Lorica,  ae,  f.  Coat-of-mail. 

Lucius,  ii,  m.  Lucius,  a name  com- 
mon among  the  Romans  ; as,  Lu- 
cius Tarquinius  Priscus , (162). 

Lucretius,  ii,  m.  Lucretius,  a Ro- 
man name.  Spurius  Lucretius, 
the  colleague  of  Publicola  in  the 
consulship,  (170). 

Lucrum , i , n.  Gain,  profit,  advan- 
tage. 

Lucus,  i,  m.  Grove. 

Ludus,  i,  m.  Game,  play,  sport, 
school. 

Lugeo , ere , luxi.  To  grieve,  mourn, 
weep  for. 

Lumen,  inis , n.  A light ; the  eye. 

Luna,  ae,  f.  Moon. 

8* 


Luo,  ere,  lui,  luiium  or  lutum.  To 
pay  ; expiate,  atone  for. 

Lupa,  ae,  f.  A she-wolf. 

Lupus,  i,  m.  A wolf. 

Lustratio , onis,  f.  (lustro).  Expi- 
atory sacrifice ; revLw  attended 
with  sacrifices. 

Lustro,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  purify, 
review. 

Lusus,  us,  m.  Play,  game;  jest, 
sport,  fun. 

Lulalius,  ii,  m.  See'  Cat  ulus. 

Lux,  lucis,  f.  Light,  light  of  day. 

Luxi&ia,  ae,  f.  Luxury,  excess. 

Lycurgus,  i,  m.  Lycurgus,  the  cele- 
brated law-giver  of  Sparta,  (95). 

Lydia,  ae,  f.  Lydia,  a country  in 
Asia  Minor,  (225). 

Lydus , a,  um.  Lydian,  pertaining 
to  Lydia  ; subs,  a Lydian,  (33). 

Lysander,  dri,  m.  Lysander,  a ce- 
lebrated Spartan  general,  (225). 

M 

M.  An  abbreviation  of  Marcus. 

Macedonia,  ae,  f.  Macedonia,  Ma- 
cedon,  a country  north  of  Thes- 
saly, (193). 

Macedo,  onis,  m.  A Macedonian, 
(230). 

Macedonicus,  a,  um,  adj.  Macedo- 
nian, (197). 

Magis,  comp.  adv.  More.  See  the 
superlative,  maxime. 

Magister,  tri,  m.  Master,  leader, 
teacher. 

Magistra,  ae,  f.  Instructress,  teacher. 

Magistrdtus,  us,  m.  Magistracy, 
magistrate. 

Magnifice,  centius,  ccntisscme,  adv. 
(magnificus).  Magnificently,  splen- 
didly. 305. 


178 


LATEST  READER. 


[Magnificenter 


Magnificent ef,  «us,  issTme , adv.= 
magnifice. 

Magnificenlia , ae,  f.  (magnificus). 
Magnificence,  costliness. 

Magnificus,  a,  um  ; comp,  magnifi- 
centior,  superl.  magnifcentissimus. 
Splendid  ; stately  ; high-minded, 
magnificent.  164. 

Magnitude , inis,  f.  (magnus).  Great- 
ness, size. 

Magnbpere , adv.  (magnus,  opus). 
Greatly,  earnestly. 

Magnus,  a,  um  ; comp,  major , su- 
perl. maximus.  Great,  large ; 
in  comp,  and  superl.  sometimes 
older,  oldest,  elder,  eldest : ma- 
jzres , forefathers,  ancestors  ; ma- 
jzres  naiu , elders.  165. 

Magus , ?,  m.  Generally  plur.  Magi , 
Crum.  A wise  man,  particularly 
among  the  Persians. 

Majestas,  Otis,  f.  Majesty,  dignity. 

Major.  See  magnus. 

Male , comp,  pejus,  superl.  pessime , . 
adv.  (mains).  Badly,  with  ill 
success.  305. 

Male-dico,  ere,  dixi,  dictum.  To  speak 
evil  of,  revile,  abuse,  rail  at. 

Mcdeficus,  a,  um,,  (male,  facio.) 
Evil-doing,  vicious,  wicked,  hurt- 
ful. 164. 

Malo,  malle , malui,  irregular.  To 
prefer.  293. 

Malum,  i,  n.  Misfortune,  evil. 

Malus , a,  um  ; comp,  pejor , superl. 
pcssimus.  Bad,  poor,  wicked. 
165. 

Mancinus,  i,  m.  Mancinus,  a Ro- 
man consul  in  the  war  with  the 
Numantians,  (201). 

Mando,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  bid,  en- 
join, intrust. 


Maneo,  ere , mansi,  mansum.  To 
remain. 

Manifesto , are,  avi,  alum.  To  show, 
manifest. 

Manius,  ii,  m.  Manius,  a Roman 
name  ; as,  Manius  Manlius. 

Manlius,  ii,  m.  ‘Manlius,  a Roman 
name.  Manius  Manlius,  a Roman 
consul  in  the  third  Punic  war, 
(199).  Titus  Manlius,  a Roman 
youth,  surnamed  Torquutm  for 
his  achievements  in  the  Gallic 
war,  (177). 

MantinCa,  ae,  f.  A city  of  Arcadia, 
in  the  Peloponnesus,  (142). 

Manumitto , ere , misi,  missum , (ma- 
nus,  mitto).  To  release  from  one’s 
power,  emancipate,  make  free. 

Manus,  us,  f.  Band ; force. 

Marathon,  d7iis,  m.  Marathon,  a 
town  and  plain  in  Attica,  cele- 
brated for  the  victory  of  Miltiades 
over  the  Persians,  (216). 

Marathonius , a,  um.  Marathonian ; 
of  or  belonging  to  Marathon,  (97). 

Marcius,  ii,  m.  Marcius,  a Roman 
name.  See  Ancus,  Censorlnus , 

Marcellus,  i,  m.  Roman  gen’l,  (193). 

Marcus,  i,  m.  Marcus,  a Roman 
name,  (186). 

Mardonius,  ii,  m.  Mardonius,  a Per- 
sian general,  defeated  by  Pausa- 
nias  in  the  battle  of  Plataea,  (221). 

Mare,  is,  n.  Sea. 

Marinus,  a,  um,  (mare).  Marine, 
of  the  sea,  from  or  by  the  sea. 

Marius,  ii,  m.  Marius,  a Roman 
name.  Calm  Marius,  a distin- 
guished Roman  general,  the  con- 
queror of  Jugurtha,  and  leader  in 
the  civil  war  against  Sulla.  He 
was  consul  seven  times,  (202). 


Me  us] 


LATTK-ENGLIgH  VOCABULARY. 


179 


Mars,  Martis,  m.  Mars,  the  god  of 
war ; sometimes  put  for  war  it- 
self, (152,  226). 

Massa,  ae , f.  Mass,  lump. 

Mater , iris,  f.  Mother. 

Materia , ae,  f.,  or  matei'ies,  H,  f. 
Material. 

Matricidium , ii,  n.  Matricide. 

Ma trimonium,  ii,  n.  Marriage. 

Matrona,  ae,  f.  Matron. 

Maxime,  adv.  Especially,  in  the 
highest  degree.  See  magis. 

Maximus,  a,  um ; superlative  of 
magnvs . Greatest. 

Maximus,  i,  m.  Maximus,  a Roman 
surname ; as,  Quintus  Fabius  Max- 
imus, the  famous  dictator  in  the 
second  Punic  war,  (175). 

Medlcm , i,  m.  Physician. 

Medius , a,  um.  Middle,  midst  of, 
middle  of.  441,  6. 

Medius,  ii,  m.  Medius,  a Thessalian, 
friend  of  Alexander  the  Great, 
(243). 

Medus,  a,um.  Median,  Assyrian, (53). 

Mehercule,  adv.  By  Hercules,  truly, 
indeed. 

Mel,  mellis,  n.  Honey. 

Melior,  ius.  Better.  See  bonus . 

Membrum , i,  n.  Member,  limb. 

Memini,  isti,  defect.  To  remember. 
297. 

Memor , dris.  Mindful,  endowed 
with  memory,  remembering  read- 
ily, remembering. 

Memorabilis , e.  Memorable. 

Memoria,  ae,  f.  Memory,  recol- 
lection. 

Memphis , is,  f.  Memphis,  a city  of 
Egypt,  (239). 

Menander,  dri,  m.  Menander,  a 
Roman  name,  (67). 


Mendaeium , ii,  n.  Untruth,  false- 
hood, lie. 

Menenius,  ii,  m.  See  Agrippa . 

Mens,  mentis,  f.  Mind,  reason. 

Mensis,  is,  m.  Month. 

Mentio,  onis,  f.  Mention. 

Mention,  iri,  itus  sum,  dep.  To  speak 
falsely,  lie,  cheat,  deceive. 

Merces,  edis,  f.  (mereo).  Reward, 
price,  wages. 

Mercor,  dri,  aius  sum,  dep.  To 

trade,  buy,  purchase. 

Mercurius , ii,  m.  Mercury,  the  son 
of  Jupiter  and  Maia,  the  god  of 
eloquence,  and  the  messenger  of 
the  gods,  (19). 

Mereo , Ire,  ui,  Hum.  To  deserve, 
merit. 

Mereor,  Iri,  itus  sum,  dep.  To  de- 
serve, earn,  merit. 

Mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersum.  To 

merge,  sink ; destroy. 

Merito,  adv.  (meritum).  With 
good  reason,  with  reason,  deserv- 
edly. 

Meritum,  i,  n.  Reward,  merit. 

Meruni,  i,  n.  Wine,  pure  wine. 

Mesopotamia,  ae,  f.  Mesopotamia,  a 
country  of  Asia,  between  the  Eu- 
phrates and  Tigris,  (24,  10). 

Metallum,  i,  n.  Metal,  mine. 

Metellus,  i,  m.  Metellus,  a Roman 
name;  as,  Metellus  Pius , (138). 

Melior,  iri,  mensus  sum , dep.  To 
measure,  estimate. 

Metius,  ii,  m.  See  Suffetius. 

Meto , ere,  messui,  messum.  To  reap, 
mow. 

Metuo , ere,  ui.  To  fear. 

Metus,  us,  m.  Fear,  dread. 

Mens,  a,  um .,  voc.  sing.  masc.  mi. 
My,  mine.  185. 


ISO 


LATIN  READER, 


fMlGRO 


Migro , tire,  dvi,  dtvm.  To  migrate, 

remove. 

Miles,  itis , m.  Soldier. 

Militdris,  e,  (miles).  Military. 

Militia,  ae,  f.  (miles).  Warfare,  mi- 
litary service,  military  affairs. 

Millto , are,  dvi , atum , (miles).  To 
serve  as  a soldier,  to  serve. 

Mille,  subs,  and  adj.  Thousand ; 
millia,  subs.,  a thousand,  a thou- 
sand men. 

Milliarium,  ii,  n.  Milestone, 
mile. 

Miltiddes,  is,  m.  Miltiades,  a cele- 
brated Athenian  general,  con- 
queror at  Marathon,  (39,  IV.) 

Minerva,  ae,  f.  Goddess  of  wisdom, 

(22). 

Mirume,  adv.  Least.  See  parum. 

Minimus,  a,  um,  (parvus).  Smallest, 
least. 

Mimtor,  dri,  atus  sum,  dep.  To 
threaten,  menace. 

Minor,  oris . See  Armenia. 

Minor,  us,  (parvus).  Smaller,  less. 

Minuo,  ere,  ui,  utum , To  lessen, 
diminish. 

Minus,  adv.  Less.  See  parum, 

Mirabilis , e,  (miror).  Wonderful. 

Mirificus , a,  um,  (mirus,  facio). 
Causing  wonder,  wonderful,  mar- 
vellous. 

Miror,  dri,  atus  sum,  dep.  To  won- 
der, admire. 

Mirus , a,  um.  Wonderful,  sur- 
prising. 

Miser,  era,  erum.  Unfortunate,  un- 
happy,  worthless,  miserable,  sad. 

Misereo,  ere,  ui,  Hum.  To  pity  ; of- 
ten impersonal ; miseret  me,  I pity. 

Misereor,  eri,  miserius  or  miseritus 
sum,  dep.  To  pity. 


Miseria,  ae,  f.  (miser).  Misery, 
affliction. 

Misericordia,  ae,  f.  Compassion. 

Miihridates,  is,  m.  Mithridates,  a 
celebrated  king  of  Pontus,  (202). 

Mithridaticus,  a,  um.  Mithridatic  ; 
of  or  belonging  to  Mithridates, 
(202). 

Mitis,  e.  Mild,  gentle,  placid. 

Mitto,  ere,  misi,  missum.  To  send. 

Moderate,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (modera- 
tus).  With  moderation. 

Moderatio,  onis,  f.  Moderation,  self- 
control. 

Moderdtus,  a,  um.  Discreet,  mod- 
erate. 

Modius  (or  um,  n.),  ii,  m.  Measure, 
a little  more  than  a peck. 

Modo,  adv.  Now,  only,  but,  pro- 
vided that ; modo — modo,  some- 
times-—sometimes. 

Modus , i,  m.  Marnier,  measure, 
limits. 

Moenia,  ium , n.  pi.  Walls  of  a city, 
city. 

Moles,  is,  f.  Mole,  dam. 

Moleslus,  a,  um.  Unwelcome,  irk- 
some, oppressive,  troublesome, 
painful. 

Molitio,  onis,  f.  Undertaking,  pre- 
paration. * 

MolUo,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
soften. 

Momentum,  i,  n.  Weight,  influ- 
ence. 

Moneo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  advise, 
warn,  admonish. 

Monilus,  us,  m.  (moneo).  Advice. 

Mo  ns,  montis , m.  Mountain,  mount 

Monsiro,  are,  dvi,  diu  n.  To  show. 

Mora,  ae,  f.  Delay. 

Morbus,  i,  m.  Disease. 


Natu] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


181 


Morior , iri  or  i,  moriuus  sum , dep. 
To  die.  282. 

Moror , «W,  cltftts  swm,  dep.  (mora). 
To  delay,  tarry. 

Mors , mortis , f.  Death. 

Morsus,  us , m.  Bite. 

Mortdlis,  e.  Mortal,  deadly  ; 
mortal,  man. 

Mortifer , era,  crum,  (mors  and  fero). 
Deadly,  mortal. 

A/os,  rnoris,  m.  Custom,  manner; 
/>/.  character,  morals. 

Motus , ws,  m.  Motion  ; commotion, 
revolt. 

Afoveo , ere,  mow,  motnm.  To  move, 
excite. 

Afox,  adv.  Presently,  soon. 

Afwc'ws,  ti,  m.  Mucius,  a Homan 
name.  Mucius  Scaevila , a Roman 
youth  who  attempted  to  assassi- 
nate Porsena,  (172). 

Macro , 6ms,  m.  Point  of  sword, 
sword. 

Mulilbris,  e,  (mulier).  Belonging  to 
women,  womanly,  woman’s. 

Mulier,  eris , f.  Woman. 

Multitude,  mis , f.  (multus).  Mul- 
titude. 

Mulio , <rre,  aw,  dtum.  To  punish, 
deprive  of  by  way  of  punishment ; 
to  fine. 

Mulio,  adv.  (multus).  By  far,  much. 

Mullus,  a,  um  ; comp,  plus,  n.,  su- 
perb plurimus.  Much,  many. 
165. 

Mundus,  i,  m.  World,  universe. 

Munia,  mm,  n.  pi.  Duties,  func- 
tions of  office. 

Munificeniia,  ae , f.  Munificence,  be- 
neficence. 

Munimentum,  i , n.  Fortification, 
defence,  covering. 


Munio,  Ire,  ivi  or  ii , Hum.  To  for- 
tify, defend. 

Munitio , onis,  f.  Fortification, 
rampart. 

Murium,  a,  um,  part,  (munio). 
Fortified. 

Munus,  eris,  n.  Reward,  present: 
service,  office. 

Munychia,  ae,  f.  The  Athenian 
harbor  Munychia  and  the  hill 
which  rises  above  it,  (228). 

Murus,  i,  m.  Wall. 

Mm,  muris,  m.  Mouse. 

Muiatio,  onis,  f.  (muto).  Change. 

Muto,  are,  dvi,  aium.  To  change, 
alter. 

Mu'uus,  a,  um.  Mutual. 

My  cede,  cs,  f.  Mycale,  a high  pro- 
montory or  mountain  of  Ionia,  in 
Asia  Minor,  (221). 

Myndii,  arum,  m.  pi.  Myndians,  in- 
habitants of  Myndus,  (135). 

Myndus  or  os,  i,  f.  Myndus,  a city 
of  Caria,  in  Asia  Minor,  now  Men- 
des,  (135). 

N 

Nam,  conj.  For. 

Nam-que,  conj.  For,  but. 

Nanciscor,  nancisci , nacius  sum,  dep. 
To  obtain,  take  advantage  of. 

Narro,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  relate, 
narrate. 

Nascor,  nasci , natus  sum,  dep.  To 
be  born,  be  produced,  to  arise. 

Natiilis,  e,  (nascor).  Of  or  belong- 
ing to  one’s  birth,  natal;  natdlis 
dies,  birth-day. 

Naho,  onis,  f.  Nation,  people. 

Nafu,  defective,  abl.  sing,  (nascor). 
By  birth,  in  age : maxlmus  natu , 
eldest.  134. 


182 


LATIN  HEADER. 


[Natura 


Natura , ae , f.  Nature,  creation. 

Natus,  a,  wnt,  part,  (nascor).  Born, 
having  been  born. 

Naturdlis,  e,  (natura).  Natural. 

Naufragium , ii,  n.  (navis,  frango). 
Shipwreck. 

Nautius , ii,  m.  Nautius,  a Roman 
name ; as,  Caius  Nautius , the  con- 
sul, (19,  11). 

Navalis , e,  (navis).  Naval. 

Navigation  onis , f.  Navigation,  sail- 
ing. 

Navigo , are,  ari,  afem.  To  sail, 
sail  upon,  navigate. 

Navis , is,  f.  Ship. 

JVe,  adv.,  and  conj.  used  with  im- 
perative and  subj.  Not,  that  not, 
lest ; a/ter  rerfo  o/ fearing , that, 
lest ; nequidem,  or  ne—quidem , 
not  even. 

iVe,  interrog.  particle.  346,  II.  1. 

iVee  or  neque , adv.  and  conj.  Nei- 
ther, nor  ; and  not,  not ; nec — 
nee,  neque — neque , neither — nor. 

Nccessarius , a,  wra.  Necessary.  ' 

Necesse , adj.  neut.  used  chiefly  in  this 
form.  Necessary,  inevitable. 

jVeco,  are,  ari,  dtum.  To  slay,  kill. 

Negligens , e^iv,  (negligo).  Negli- 
gent, neglectful. 

Negligo , ere,  Zezz,  lectum.  To  neg 
lect,  disregard. 

Nego,  are , ari,  To  deny,  re- 

fuse. 

Ncgotium , ii,  n Business,  diffi- 
culty ; undertaking,  work,  enter- 
prise. 

Nemo,  {inis,  gen.  not  in  good  use). 
No  one,  nobody. 

Nepos,  otis , m.  Grandson. 

Nepiunus , i,  m.  Neptune,  the  god 
of  the  sea,  (165). 


Neque.  See  Nec. 

Nequeo , Ire,  wi,  or  ii , te,  irreg. 
like  eo.  To  be  unable,  not  to  be 
able.  296. 

Nequidem.  See  Ne. 

Nequis  or  we  quis , ^aa,  ot 

gwid  That  no  one. 

Nervii,  drum,  m.  Nervians,  a people 
of  Belgic  Gaul,  (28). 

Nescio , ire , ivi  or  ii,  itum,  (ne, 
scio).  To  be  ignorant,  not  to 
know. 

Nescius , a,  urn,  (nescio).  Ignorant, 
unknown. 

Nicias , ae,  m.  Nicias,  an  Athenian 
statesman  and  general,  (223). 

Nicomedes , is,  m.  Nicomedes,  king 
of  Bithynia,  (43). 

Niger,  gra,  grum . Dark,  black, 
dusky. 

Nigrans,  antis.  Black,  dusky. 

Nihil , n.  indec.  Nothing  ; adv.  not, 
in  nothing.  128. 

Nihilum,  i,  n.  Nothing. 

Nilus , i,  m.  The  river  Nile  in 

Egypt,  (211)- 

Nimis,  adv.  Exceedingly,  too  much. 

Nimius,  a,  um.  Excessive,  too 
much,  too  great. 

Nisi , conj.  Unless,  if  not,  except. 

Niteo,  nitere , nitui,  (nix).  To  shine, 
glitter,  glisten. 

Nitor , niti,  nisus  or  nixus  sum,  dep. 
To  strive,  attempt;  to  depend  or 
rely  upon. 

Nix,  nivis,  f.  Snow. 

Nobilis,  e.  Noble,  famous. 

Nobihtas,  dtis,  f.  (nobilis).  Fame, 
nobleness;  nobility,  nobles. 

Nobiliio , are,  avi , dtum,  (nobilis). 
To  render  famous ; to  ennoble ; 
improve. 


Ntsa] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


183 


Noceo,  Sre,  ui , Hum.  To  hurt,  harm, 
injure. 

Nodu,  abl.  By  night. 

Noclurnus , a,  m Nocturnal,  oc- 
curring at  night. 

Nolo , wo/ie,  rioiwi,  irreg.  To  be  un- 
willing. 293. 

Nomen , inis,  n.  Name. 

Nomino,  are , ari,  atum,  (nomen). 
To  name,  call. 

Non , adv.  Not;  nonnisi , only. 

Nonagesimus , «,  wm.  Ninetieth. 

Nonaginta , indec.  Ninety. 

Non-dum , adv.  Not  yet. 

Nonne,  interrog.  particle.  Whether, 
expecting  answer  yes.  346,  II. 

I. 

Nonmdlus,  a,  um , (declined  like 
nullus).  Some. 

Nonas , «,  wm.  Ninth. 

Nosco , ere,  now,  notum.  To  know, 
understand,  learn. 

Noster , <ra,  tfrwra.  pron.  Our. 

Notitia,  ae,  f.  (notus).  Celebrity, 
note;  acquaintance,  knowledge. 

Notus , a,  wm.  part,  (nosco).  Known. 

Novem , indecl.  Nine. 

Noverca,  ae,  f.  Step-mother. 

Novo,  are , <m,  atum,  (novus).  To 
renew,  change;  revolutionize. 

Novus,  a,  um.  New;  florae  res, 
revolution. 

iVo#,  noctis,  f.  Night. 

Nubes,  is,  f.  Cloud. 

Nubo,  ere , nupsi,  nuptum.  To  veil 
one’s  self,  to  marry,  applied  to  the 
bride  as  she  was  covered  with  a 
veil. 

Nudus , a,  wra.  Naked,  uncovered, 
destitute  of. 

Nullus , a,  win.  No  one,  no.  149. 

Num,  interrog.  particle.  Whether,  f 


nsec?  60//1  in  direct  and  in  indirect 
questions.  See  346,  II.  1. 

Numa,  ae,  m.  Numa.A  wma  Pom- 
pilius , the  second  king  of  Rome, 
(159). 

Numantia , ae,  f.  Numantia,  a city 
of  Spain,  (201). 

Numantlni,  orum,  m.  pi.  Numan- 
tians,  the  inhabitants  of  Numan- 
tia, (201). 

Numen,  inis , n.  A god,  deity. 

Numero,  are,  avi , atum , (numerus). 
To  count,  reckon,  number. 

Numerus,  i,  m.  Number,  quan- 
tity. 

Numida,  ae,  m.  A Numidian,  in- 
habitant of  Numidia  in  Africa, 
(48). 

Numitor,  oris,  m.  Numitor,  a king 
of  Alba,  grandfather  of  Romulus 
and  Remus,  (154). 

Nummus,  i,  m.  Money,  a piece  of 
money,  a coin. 

Nunc.  Now. 

Nuncupo , are , avi , dlum.  To  call, 
name. 

Nunquam.  Never. 

Nuntio  (or  cio),  are , avi,  atum,  (nun- 
tius).  To  announce,  relate. 

Nuntius,  ii,  m.  Message,  news,  mes- 
senger. 

Nuptiae , arum,  f.  pi.  Marriage, 
nuptials. 

Nutrio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
nourish,  support. 

Nutrix , ids,  f.  Nurse. 

Nympha , ae,  f.  Nymph,  spouse. 

Nysa,  ae,  f.  Nysa,  a city  in  India, 
(242). 


184 


LATIN  READER. 


[0 


0. 

0,  interj.  0 ! 

Ob,  prep,  with  acc.  On  account  of, 
for. 

Ob-duco , ere,  duxi , ductum.  To  draw 
over,  overspread,  cover. 

Obedio , ire , m or  ii,  Itum.  To  obey, 
serve ; be  subject  to. 

Ob-eo , Ire , m or  ii,  Wwm.  To  meet ; 
die.  295. 

Objecto , are,  <2ri,  dtum,  (objicio). 
To  expose,  set  forth;  endanger. 
332,  I.  2. 

Objicio , erej'jeci,  jectum,  (ob,  jacio). 
To  expose,  offer,  present. 

Oblecto , a?*e,  avi,  alum.  To  delight, 
divert,  please. 

Ob-ligo , are,  avi,  dtum.  To  bind, 
oblige,  put  under  obligation. 

Oblitus , a,  ?/m,  part,  (obliviscor). 
Having  forgotten,  forgetful. 

Oblivio , onis , f.  (obliviscor).  For- 
getfulness, oblivion. 

Obliviscor,  oblivisci,  oblitus  sum,  dep. 
To  forget. 

Ob-ruo<  ere , r?/i,  rutum.  To  destroy, 
overwhelm. 

Obscurus , a,  «m.  Obscure,  hidden ; 
mean. 

Obsecro,  are , a?;i,  a£wm,  (ob,  sacro). 
To  beseech,  implore. 

Obscs,  idis,  m.  and  f.  Hostage. 

Obsideo , ere , sessum,  (ob,  se- 
deo).  To  besiege,  invest. 

Obsidio,  onis,  f.  (obsideo).  Siege, 
blockade. 

Ob-sum,  obesse , obfui.  To  be  hurt- 
ful, be  injurious,  to  injure. 

Ob-sto,  slure,  stiti , stdtum.  To  op- 
pose, prevent. 


Obtemperatio , onis,  f.  Submission, 
obedience. 

Ob-tero,  ere,  trivi , tritum.  To  crush, 
wear  down. 

Obtineo , ere,  tinui , tentum,  (ob, 
teneo).  To  obtain,  hold,  prevail. 

Obtingo,  ere , tactum,  (ob,  tan- 

go). To  befall,  happen  to. 

Ob-trunco,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  slaugh- 
ter. 

Occaeco,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (ob,  caeco). 
To  darken,  obscure,  blind,  dazzle. 

Occasio , onis,  f.  Opportunity,  oc- 
casion. 

Occdsus,  us,  m.  The  setting  of  the 
heavenly  bodies;  setting,  even- 
ing ; the  west. 

Oc-cido,  ere,  cidi,  cdsum,  (ob,  cado). 
To  fall  down,  fall ; to  set ; to 
perish,  die,  be  ruined. 

Occldo,  ere,  cldi,  clsum,  (ob,  caedo). 
To  kill,  slay. 

Occulte,  ius,  issvme , adv.  (occultus). 
In  secret,  secretly. 

Occultus,  a,  um.  Secret,  hidden; 
reserved,  dissembling. 

Occupo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  occupv, 
take  possession  of. 

Occurro,  ere,  curri  (cucurri),  cur- 
sum,  (ob,  curro).  To  meet,  at- 
tack. 254, 5. 

Ocednus,  i,  m.  Ocean. 

Octavidnus,  i,  m.  ( Caesar).  Oeta- 
vianus,  the  first  Roman  emperor, 
usually  called  Augustus  after  his 
victory  at  Actium,  (213). 

Octdvus , a,  um,  (octo).  Eighth. 

Octingenti , ae,  a.  Eight  hundred. 

Octo , indecl.  Eight. 

Octogesimus,  a,  um.  The  eightieth. 

Octoginta,  indec.  (octo).  Eighty. 

Oculus,  i,  m.  Eye. 


Orestes] 


LATIN-ENGLISII  VOCABULARY. 


185 


Odiy  odisscy  defect.  To  hate;  dis- 
like. 297. 

Odium , iiy  n.  Hatred,  enmity. 

Oenomaus , iy  m.  Oenomaus,  a cele- 
brated gladiator,  (204). 

Off  undo,  ere , fendiy  fensum . To 
offend,  injure. 

Offensus , a,  wm,  (offendo).  Offend- 
ed, hostile. 

Offero,  ferre,  obtuli , obldtum, , (ob, 
fero).  To  offer,  show  ; se  off  err  ey 
to  present  one’s  self,  to  offer 
one’s  self,  sometimes  as  an  antago- 
nist, to  oppose ; expose  one’s  self. 

Officium , n,  n.  Office,  duty,  kind- 
ness, kind  office. 

O&m,  adv.  Formerly. 

Olympiacus , Olympiads  or  Olym- 
pi.usy  ay  um.  Olympic,  (134). 

Olyntliusy  iy  f.  Olynthus,  a city  of 
Thrace. 

Olynthiiy  orumy  m.  pi.  The  Olyn- 
thians,  (231). 

Omeny  lnisy  n.  Omen,  sign. 

Omitto,  erey  misiy  mmumy  (ob,  mit- 
to).  To  let  go,  omit,  neglect,  dis- 
regard. 

Omnisy  e.  All,  every,  whole. 

Onerariay  aey  f,  (onus).  Ship  of 
burden. 

Oneroy  a.rey  dviy  dtumy  (onus).  To 
burden,  load,  oppress. 

Onustusy  ay  umy  (onus).  Laden,  full 
of. 

Operay  aey  f.  Pains,  work,  labor; 
care,  attention;  means. 

Oplmusy  ay  um.  Rich,  fertile. 

Oportety  impers.  It  behooves,  one 
ought.  299. 

Opperiory  oppeririy  oppertus  or  op- 
perltus  sum , dep.  To  wait  for, 
await. 


Oppiddnus , ay  nmy  (oppTdum).  In- 
habitant of  a town),  citizen. 

Oppidumy  i.  n.  Town,  city. 

Opporturiiiasy  dtisy  f.  (opportunus). 
Opportunity,  fitness. 

Opportunusy  ay  um.  Suitable,  fit. 

Opprimoy  erey  pressiy  pressum,  (ob, 
premo).  To  put  down,  defeat, 
overcome  ; suppress  ; oppress. 

Oppugno,  are , dviy  dium , (ob,  pug- 
no).  To  attack,  storm,  take  by 
storm. 

( Ops)y  opisy  f.,  nom.  sing,  not  used. 
Power,  resources,  wealth,  force, 
aid. 

Optabilisy  ey  (opto).  Wished  for, 
desirable. 

Optimusy  ay  umy  superl.  (bonus). 
Best,  most  excellent. 

Optioy  dnisy  f.  Choice,  option. 

Optoy  drey  aviy  dtum.  To  wish,  de- 
sire; ask. 

Opulensy  entisy  or  opulentusy  ay  umy 
adj.  Wealthy,  rich. 

Opus,  erisy  n.  Work. 

Opus , nom.  and  accus.  Need,  ne- 
cessary thing,  necessary. 

Oray  aey  f.  The  shore,  coast. 

Oraculum , n.  Response,  ora- 

cle. 

Oratio , onisy  f.  (oro).  Oration, 
speech,  language. 

Orator , oris , m.  (oro).  Orator,  mes- 
senger. 

Orbisy  isy  m.  Circle,  world;  orbis 
terrdrumy  the  world. 

Ordino , are , dviy  dtumy  (ordo).  To 
arrange,  establish. 

Ordoy  inis,  m.  Row,  rank,  order; 

* bank  as  of  oars  ; extra  ordinemy 
out  of  the  common  course. 

Orestesy  isy  and  ac , m.  Orestes,  son 


186 


LATIN  READER. 


[Onim 


of  Agamemnon  and  Clytemnestra, 
(43). 

Orieris,  entis,  (orior).  Rising ; the 
morning,  the  east,  the  countries 
of  the  east,  the  Orient,  (213). 

Origo , inis,  f.  Origin,  source. 

Orior,  orlri , ortus  sum , dep.  partly 
of  3 d conj.  To  rise,  appear, 
dawn.  286,  2. 

Ornamenium,  i , n.  Equipage,  or- 
nament, jewel. 

Orno,  are , avi , dtum.  To  adorn, 
equip. 

Oro , are,  aw,  a£am.  To  beg,  ask, 
speak. 

Ortus , as,  m.  (orior).  A rising ; 
place  of  rising,  the  east;  birth; 
beginning. 

Os,  ossis , n.  Bone. 

O senior,  dri,  atus  sum.  To  kiss. 

Ostendo,  ere,  di,  sum  or  turn.,  To 
show. 

Ostentum , i,  n.  (ostendo).  Pro- 
digy. 

Ostia , ae,  f.  Ostia,  a town  in  La- 
tium  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tiber, 
(161). 

Ostium,  ii,  n.  Mouth,  door. 

Olium,  ii,  n.  Leisure,  rest,  ease, 
idleness. 

Ovis,  is,  f.  Sheep. 

Ovum , i,  n.  Egg. 

P. 

P.  An  abbreviation  of  Publius. 

Paco,  are,  avi,  dtum  (pax).  To  sub- 
due. 

Pactum,  i,  n.  Bargain,  contract ; 
abl.  pacto,  way,  manner. 

Padus , i,  m.  The  river  Po  in  Italy, 
(55). 

Paene,  adv.  Almost. 


Palam,  adv.  Openly. 

Palaiium , ii,  n.  Palace. 

Pallium,  ii,  n.  Cloak,  coat,  gar- 
ment. 

Pango,  ere,  pepigi , pactum.  To  con- 
tract, ratify. 

Papirius , ii,  n.  See  Cursor. 

Par,  paris,  adj.  Equal,  a match  for, 
competent  for. 

Pardtus,  a,  um,  (paro).  Prepared, 
ready. 

Parco,  ere,  peperci  or  parsi,  par- 
sum.  To  spare. 

Parens,  entis , m.  and  f.  Parent. 

Parento , are,  avi , dtum,  (parens). 
To  sacrifice  in  honor  of  parents 
or  friends. 

Pareo,  ere,  ui , itum.  To  obey,  be 
subject  to. 

Pario,  ere,  peperi,  partum.  To 
bear,  bring  forth,  produce,  lay, 
accomplish,  procure. 

Paro,  dre^  avi,  dtum.  To  prepare, 
equip. 

Pars,  partis,  f.  Part,  portion  ; party. 

Parsimonia,  ae,  f.  Frugality,  par- 
simony. 

Particeps , participis,  (pars,  capio). 
Sharing,  partaking,  participant. 

Partim.  Partly,  in  part ; partini — 
partim,  some — others,  either — 
or. 

Partior,  iri,  itus  sum,  dep.  To  di- 
vide, share. 

Parum,  comp,  minus,  superl.  mi - 
nime,  adv.  Too  little,  little,  not 
enough.  305. 

Parvus,  a,  um,  comp,  minor,  su- 
perl. minimus.  Small,  little,  un- 
important. 

Pasco,  ere,  pdvi,  pasium.  To  feed, 
graze. 


Perduco] 


LATIN-EHGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


187 


Pascor , j oasci,  pastus  sum , dep.  To 
feed,  graze,  graze  upon. 

Passer , em,  m.  Sparrow. 

Passus , its,  m.  Pace ; passus , 

a mile. 

Pastor,  oris,  m.  (pasco).  Shepherd. 

Patefacio , ere,  /eei,  factum , (pateo, 
facio).  To  disclose,  lay  open, 
open. 

Pateo , ere,  wi.  To  lie  open,  be  ex- 
posed. 

Pater,  trk,  m.  Father,  sometimes 
senator. 

Paternus , a,  wm,  (pater).  Paternal. 

Patior,  pati,  passus  sum,  dep.  To 
permit,  keep,  endure. 

Patria,  ae , f.  Country,  native 
country. 

Patrimonium,  ii,  n.  Estate,  patri- 
mony. 

Patrius , a,  um , (pater).  Fatherly. 

Patruus,  i,  m.  Uncle  by  the  father’s 
side,  paternal  uncle. 

Pauci , ae,  a.  Few. 

Paulatim , adv.  By  degrees,  grad- 
ually. 

Paulus  or  Paullus,  i,  m.  Paulus,  a 
surname  in  the  Aemilian  gens  or 
tribe.  Lucius  Aemilius  Paulus, 
the  name  of  two  Roman  consuls, 
one  of  whom  fell  in  the  battle  of 
Cannae,  (191) ; the  other  conquer- 
ed Perseus  at  Pydna,  (198). 

Paulo,  acfv.  (paulus).  A little,  by  a 
little. 

Paulus,  a,  um.  Little,  small. 

Pauper,  eris.  Poor,  without  means ; 
scanty,  meagre. 

Pausanias,  ae,  m.  Pausanias,  the 
leader  of  the  Spartans  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Plataea,  (221). 

Pax,  pacts , f.  Peac«. 


Pectus , oris,  n.  Breast. 

Pecunia,  ae,  f.  Money,  sum  of  ^ 
money. 

Pecus,  oris,  n.  Flock,  herd,’  cattle. 

Pedes , itis,  m.  Foot-soldier  ; pht-r. 
infantry. 

Pedester,  tris,  tre . Pedestrian,  on 
foot,  on  land ; pedestres  copiaet 
infantry  forces. 

Pellicio,  ere,  lexi , ledum . To  allure, 
cajole. 

Pellis,  is,  f.  Skin,  hide. 

Pello,  ere,  pepuli,  pulsum.  To 
drive. 

Pelopidas,  ae,  m.  Pelopidas,  a 
celebrated  Theban  general,  (280). 

Penarius , a,  um.  Of  or  for  provi- 
sions ; cella  penaria,  granary. 

Pendeo,  ere,  pependi.  To  hang,  be 
suspended. 

Penetro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  pen- 
etrate. 

Penitus,  adv.  Inwardly;  fully,  en- 
tirely. 

Per,  prep,  with  acc.  Through,  by, 
during. 

Per-curro,  ere,  percucurri  or  per - 
curri,  cur  sum.  To  run  through, 
pass  over. 

Percussor,  oris , m.  Assassin,  mur- 
derer. 

Perdiccas  or  Perdicca,  ae,  m.  Per- 
diccas,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished generals  of  Alexander  the 
Great,  (97). 

Perddus , a,  um,  (perdo).  Lost, 
abandoned,  desperate. 

Per-do,  ere,  didi,  ddum.  To  destroy, 
waste,  lose. 

Per -d Deo,  ere,  duxi,  duclum.  To 
conduct,  bring  to,  to  extend, 
build,  make. 


188 


LATIN  HEADER. 


[Perennis 


Pcrennis,  e,  (per,  annus).  Continual, 
perpetual. 

Per-eo , ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To  per- 
ish. 295. 

Per-exiguus , a,  um . Very  small, 

very  little. 

Per-fero , ferre , lutum.  To  carry 

through  ; bear  ; suffer. 

Perjidia , ae,  f.  Perfidy. 

Pergo , ere,  rez?',  rectum , (per,  rego). 
To  go  on  or  to,  persevere. 

Pericles , is,  m.  Pericles,  a cele- 
brated Athenian  orator  and  states- 
man, (222). 

Periculosus , a,  wm,  (periculum). 
Dangerous. 

Periculum , i,  n.  Danger,  peril. 

Periius,  a , m Skilled  in,  skilful. 

Per-magnus , «,  wm.  Very  great. 

Per-mitto,  ere , mm,  missum.  To 
send  ; grant,  permit ; permittitur , 
impers.,  it  is  permitted. 

Per-multus , a,  Mm.  Very  much, 
very  many. 

Permutatio , <mis,  f.  Exchange, 
barter. 

Per -pan  us,  a,  um.  Few,  very 
few. 

Per-petro , are,  dri,  dtum.  To  finish, 
achieve. 

Perpeiuo , adv.  (perpetuus).  Con- 
stantly, ever. 

Perpetuus , a,  Mm.  Perpetual,  con- 
stant. 

Persa,  ae,  or  Perses,  ae,  m.  A Per- 
sian, (44,  II.  ; 126). 

Per-sjquor , sequi,  secutus  sum , dep. 
To  follow,  pursue,  carry  on,  pro- 
secute. 

Perseus , i,  or  Perses , m.  Per- 

seus or  Perses,  the  last  king  of 
Macedonia,  (198). 


Persevero , dre,  diu,  dtum.  To  per 
severe,  persist. 

Persicus , a,  Mm.  Persian,  (50,  18). 

Persdna , ae,  f.  Part,  character, 
person. 

Perspicio , ere,  sjoezi,  spectum , (per, 
specio).  To  perceive. 

Per  strvngo , ere,  strinxi , stricium. 
To  graze,  wound  slightly. 

Per-suadeo , ere,  sudsi,  sudsum.  To 
persuade. 

Per-tcrreo , ere,  wi,  itum.  To  terrify 
greatly. 

Pertineo , ere,  (per,  teneo).  To 

pertain  to,  tend. 

Per-turbo , c7re,  dri,  dtum.  To  dis- 
turb, throw  into  confusion,  route, 
embarrass. 

Per-utdis , e.  Very  useful. 

Per-venio , ire,  reri,  ventum.  To 
reach,  come  to. 

Perverse , adv.  Perversely,  wrongly. 

Pes,  m.  Foot. 

Pefo,  ere,  m or  ii,  T/wm.  To  seek, 
ask  ; aim  at ; attack. 

Phaethon , ontis,  m.  Phaethon,  fa- 
bled son  of  Helios  the  sun,  (71). 

Phalerae , arum,  f.  pi.  Trappings, 
ornaments  for  horses. 

Pliallrum,  i,  n.  Phalerum,  the 
oldest  harbor  of  Athens  ; often 
called  Phalericus  portus. 

Pharndces , is,  m.  Pharnaces,  son 
of  Mithridates,  (205). 

Pharscdus , i,  f.  Pharsalus,  a city  in 
Thessaly,  where  Pompey  was  de- 
feated by  Caesar,  (210).  The  dis- 
trict was  called  Pharsalia. 

Plnlippi , drum,  m.  pi.  Philippi,  a 
city  in  Macedonia,  (218). 

Phi/ippvs,  i , m.  Philip,  the  name 
of  several  Macedonian  kings,  the 


POMPBIANUS] 


LATEST-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


189 


most  celebrated  of  whom  was  the 
father  of  Alexander  the  Great, 
(140,  230). 

Philosophic  ae,  f.  Philosophy. 

Philosbphus , i,  m.  Philosopher. 

Phyle , es,  f.  Phyle,  a castle  in  At- 
tica, (228). 

Picenum , i,  n.  Picenum,  a district 
in  the  eastern  part  of  Italy. 

Picenus , a,  wm,  (Picenum).  Of  or 
belonging  to  Picenum,  Picene, 
(23,  19). 

Pi  etas,  atis , f.  Dutiful  conduct, 
sense  of  duty ; affection  ; loyalty ; 
piety. 

Pi  get,  ere,  piguit  or  pigitum  est,  i ro- 
pers. It  irks,  grieves,  displeases. 
299. 

Pingo,  ere,  pinxi,  pictum.  To  paint, 
depict. 

Piraeus,  or  Piraeeus,  i,  m.  The 
Piraeus,  the  celebrated  port  of 
Athens,  (228). 

Pirdia , ae,  m.  Pirate. 

Piscis,  is,  m.  A fish. 

Pius,  i,  m.  See  Metsllus  Pius , 
(138). 

Placeo,  ere,  ui , xtum . To  please,  be 
pleasing  to ; be  determined. 

Plactdus , a,  um,  (placeo).  Quiet, 
gentle. 

Placo,  are,  avi , alum.  To  quiet, 
soothe,  calm,  appease. 

Planeus,  i,  m.  Plancus,  a Roman 
name,  (42,  9). 

Plataeae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Plataea,  a 
city  in  Boeotia,  (22i). 

Plalaeenses,  ium,  m.  pi.  The  Pla- 
taeans,  the  inhabitants  of  Plataea, 
(216). 

Plato,  6?iis,  m.  Plato,  one  of  the 
most  celebrated  Grecian  philoso- 


phers, disciple  of  Socrates,  and  in- 
structor of  Aristotle,  (81). 

Plebs,  bis,  f.  Common  people, 
people. 

Plenus,  a,  um.  Full,  possessed  of, 
rich  in. 

Plerumque , adv.  (plerusque).  Com- 
monly, generally,  frequently. 

Plerusque,  aque , unique.  Most, 
many. 

Plurimus.  See  Multus. 

Plus,  adv.  More. 

Plus,  uris,  n.  adj.  More,  pi.  many, 
several.  See  Multus. 

Pociilum,  i,  n.  Cup. 

Poema,  atis , n.  Poem. 

Poena,  ae,  f.  Punishment. 

Poemtet,  ere,  poenituit , impers.  It 
causes  regret  ; poemtet  me,  it 
causes  me  to  repent,  I repent,  am 
sorry  for,  regret. 

Poenus,  i,  m.  A Carthaginian,  (185). 

Pocla,  ae,  m.  Poet. 

Polliceor,  eri,  itus  sum , dep.  To 
promise,  offer. 

Pollux,  ucis,  m.  Pollux,  a cele- 
brated pugilist,  brother  of  Castor , 
(63,  9).  See  Castor. 

Polgcrdtes,  is,  m.  Polvcrates,  a ce- 
lebrated tyrant  of  Samos,  (24, 12). 

Pompa,  ae,  f.  Pomp,  public  proces- 
sion, procession. 

Pompeius,  ii,  m.  Pompey,  the  name 
of  a Roman  gens.  Cnaeus  Pom- 
peius, a Roman  consul  and  a dis- 
tinguished commander,  defeated 
by  Caesar  at  Pharsalia,  (205). 
Quintus  Pompeius,  also  consul  and 
commander,  defeated  in  several 
engagements  by  the  Numantines, 
(201). 

Pompeianus,  a,jim,  adj.  (Pompeius). 

1 


190 


LATIN  READER. 


[Pompilius 


Pompeian,  of  or  belonging  to  Pom- 
pey,  (211). 

PompilmSy  ?/,  m.  See  Numa. 

Pon  lus,  eris,  n.  Weight. 

Pono,  ere , posui , positum.  To  place, 
build,  pitch. 

Pons,  PontiSy  m.  Bridge. 

PoniiuSy  iiy  m.  Pontius,  a Roman 
name.  Pontius  TheleslnuSy  a gen- 
eral of  the  Samnites,  who  con- 
quered the  Romans  at  the  Caudine 
Porks,  (179). 

PontuSy  iy  m.  Pontus,  a province  in 
Asia  Minor,  south  of  the  Black 
Sea,  (202). 

PopulatiOy  oniSy  f.  (populo).  Pillag- 
ing, booty ; people,  population. 

Populo,  drey  dviy  dtum,  (populus). 
To  depopulate,  devastate,  pillage ; 
popidory  dep.— populo. 

PopuluSy  iy  m.  People,  nation, 
tribe. 

PorrigOy  erey  rexiy  rectum . To  ex- 
tend, stretch. 

Porsenay  ae , m.  Porsena,  a king  of 
Etruria  in  Italy,  (171). 

Portdy  ae.y  f.  Gate. 

PortendOy  erey  tendiy  tentum.  To 
portend. 

Portioy  oniSy  f.  Portion,  share. 

PortuSy  us,  m.  Port,  harbor. 

PoscOy  erey  poposci . To  demand, 

ask. 

PossessiOy  oniSy  f.  (possideo).  Pos- 
session. 

PossideOy  ere , sldiy  sessum.  To  pos- 
sess. 

Possum,  posse,  potuiy  irreg.  To  be 
able.  289. 

Posty  adv.,  and  prep,  with  acc.  Af- 
terwards, after,  behind,  since. 

Post-eay  adv.  Afterwards. 


PosteritaSy  dtis,  f.  (posterus).  Pos- 
terity. 

Poster  as , a,  um  ; comp,  posteriory 
superl.  postremuSy  postumus.  Fol- 
lowing, ensuing ; posteri,  pos- 
terity, descendants ; postremo,  ad 
posiremumy  at  last,  163,  3. 

Post-fcrOy  ferre.  To  place  after, 
esteem  less ; sacrifice. 

Post-ponOy  erey  posdiy  positum.  To 
put  after,  esteem  less,  postpone ; 
disregard,  neglect. 

Post-quam,  or  post  quam , conj.  Af- 
ter, after  that. 

PostremOy  adv.  (postremus).  At  last, 
finally. 

PostremuSy  a,  um.  The  last ; ad 
postr'emum,  at  last,  finally.  See 
posterus. 

Postridiey  adv.  On  the  following  day. 

Postuhy  drey  dviy  dtum.  To  demand. 

PostumiuSy  iiy  m.  Postumius,  the 
name  of  a Roman  gens  or  clan. 
Aldus  PostumncSy  a Roman  in 
whose  consulship  the  first  Punic 
war  was  brought  to  a close,  (89, 
188).  Spurius  Postumius,  a Ro- 
man consul,  defeated  by  the  Sam- 
nites at  the  Caudine  Forks,  (179). 

PotenSy  entiSy  (possum).  Able,  pow- 
erful. 

Potentidy  aey  f.  Might,  force,  power, 
ability. 

PotestaSy  atiSy  f.  (potens).  Power. 

Potior y potiriy  potltus  sum,  dep.  To 
obtain,  get  possession  of. 

PoiiSy  e,  comp,  potior , superl.  potis - 
simus.  Able,  capable,  possible. 

PotiuSy  potissimey  adv.  (potis) ; po- 
sitive not  used.  Rather  than. 

Prae,  prep,  with  abl.  Before,  for, 
on  account  of,  in  comparison  with. 


PraetebvehorJ  LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


191 


Praeheo , ere , uiy  Mum . To  show, 
furnish. 

Prae-cedo,  ere , cess*’,  cessum.  To  pre- 
cede,  surpass,  outstrip. 

Praeceptor,  oris}  m.  (praecipio).  Pre- 
ceptor, commander,  teacher. 

Praeceptum , ?*,  n.  (praecipio).  Max- 
im, rule,  precept. 

Praecipio , ere,  cep?,  ceptum  (prae, 
capio).  To  admonish,  advise, 
order. 

Praecipitium , ii,  n.  Precipice. 

PraecipitOy  are , dtum.  To 

throw  down,  precipitate. 

Praecipuus,  a , wm.  Remarkable, 
prominent,  special. 

Praecldre , ?ws,  issime , adv.  (precla- 
rus).  Excellently,  nobly. 

Prae-cldrus , a,  tmi.  Excellent,  no- 
ble, distinguished,  illustrious. 

Praecludo , ere,  cfosi,  dummy  (prae, 
claudo).  To  hinder,  preclude, 
cut  off. 

PraecOy  dnisy  m.  Herald,  crier. 

Praeday  ae,  f.  Prey,  booty. 

Prae-dlcOy  ere , dictum . To  pre- 

dict, forewarn. 

Praedictumy  ?',  n.  (praedlco).  Predic- 
tion, warning. 

PraedituSy  ay  um.  Endued  with, 
possessed  of. 

Praedory  driy  atus  mm , (praeda). 
To  plunder. 

Prae-fariy  defective.  To  predict, 
prophesy;  say.  297,  II.  3. 

PraefectuSy  iy  m.  Commander,  pre- 
fect. 

Prae-f&rOy  jferre,  latum . To  pre- 
fer, choose  ; carry  or  bear  before. 

PraeficiOy  8re,  feciy  fectumy  (prae, 
facio).  To  place  over,  put  in 

command. 


Prae-legOy  ("re,  legiy  leclum.  To  read 
to  another,  to  read  aloud,  to 
lecture. 

Prae-mittOy  £re,  mis?,  missum.  To 
send  forward,  send  in  advance. 

Praemiumy  «,  n.  Reward,  premium. 

Praeneste,  ?s,  n.  Praeneste,  a town 
in  Latium,  (182). 

Prac-pdnOy  ere,  posuiy  positum.  To 
place  over,  intrust  with. 

PraesenSy  entis.  Present ; praesentia , 
orumy  n.  pi.  present  things,  the 
present. 

Praesentia}  ae,  f,  (praesens).  Pres- 
ence. 

PraeseSy  idis,  adj.  Presiding,  ruling, 
chief ; subs,  head,  chief,  ruler, 
governor. 

Praesidiumy  ii , n.  Guard,  garrison. 

Praestabllisy  e.  Preeminent,  distin- 
guished, excellent. 

Praestansy  antis , (praesto).  Excel- 
lent, eminent. 

Praestantiay  ae,  f.  Superiority,  pre- 
eminence. 

PraestOy  are,  stiti}  Mum , (prae,  sto). 
To  surpass,  be  superior  to;  fur- 
nish, do,  pay,  render  (as  service) ; 
evince,  show,  give. 

Prae-sumy  essey  fui.  To  preside 
over,  command. 

Prae-tendOy  ere,  tendiy  tentum.  To 
pretend,  allege. 

Praetery  prep,  with  acc.  Except, 
besides. 

Praeter-eay  adv.  Besides,  moreover. 

Praeter-eOy  Ire,  ivi  or  w,  Mum.  To 
pass  by,  omit,  295. 

PraeterMuSy  «,  wm,  (praetereo).  Gone 
by,  past ; praeterita}  orumy  n.  pL 
the  past. 

Praeter-vchcrry  vZhiy  vedus  ston,  dep. 


192 


LATIN  READER. 


[Prap:torius 


To  be  borne  over  or  by  ; to  drive 
or  sail  by  ; to  pass  by. 

Praetorius , a,  um , (praetor).  Prae- 
torian, belonging  to  a praetor  or 
general ; praetorius , subs,  one  who 
has  been  praetor. 

Prae-video , ere,  vidi,  visum . To 
foresee. 

Pratum , i,  n.  Meadow,  pasture. 

Pravus , a,  um.  Depraved,  bad. 

Preces,  um , f.  pi.  cfaA  and 
sm^r.  also  occur.  Prayers,  en- 
treaties. 

Precor , aW,  atas  stem.  To  beseech, 
pray. 

Premo , cyrc,  pressi , pressum.  To 
press,  urge. 

Pretium , n,  n.  Price,  worth. 

Pridie , adv.  On  the  day  before. 

Primo,  primum , adv.  (primus).  At 
first,  first ; gwam  primum , as  soon 
as  possible. 

Primus , a,  wm,  superl.  (prior).  First. 
166. 

Princeps , m.  Prince,  ruler ; 

chief  man. 

Prindpalus , ws,  m.  Sovereignty, 
imperial  power. 

Principium , ii,  n.  Beginning. 

Prior , ws.  Former,  previous.  166. 

Priscus , m.  Priscus,  the  surname 

of  Lucius  Tarqnmius , the  fifth 
king  of  Rome,  (162). 

Pristmus , a,  ww.  Ancient,  pristine. 

Prius,  adv.  Before,  first ; prius- 
quam  or  jorms  quam,  before  that, 
before. 

Privatus , a,  um.  Private,  personal, 
a private  citizen. 

Pro,  prep,  with  abl.  Before,  in 
front  of ; for,  in  behalf  of,  instead 
of,  as ; joro  Aosfe,  as  an  enemy. 


Probatio , oms,  f.  Approbation, 
proof. 

Probdtus , a,  «m,  (probo).  Tried, 
tested,  proved,  approved. 

Probitas , 6&*s,  f.  (probus).  Honesty, 
probity,  integrity. 

Probo , ore,  fivi,  (probus).  To 

prove,  show ; approve. 

Probus , o,  w/n.  Upright,  honest. 

Procas,  ae,  m.  Procas,  a Roman 
name.  Silvius  Procas , a king  of 
Alba,  (151). 

Pro-cedo , £re,  cem,  cessum . To  step 
forth,  to  advance,  proceed,  come 
on,  succeed. 

Procillus , i,  m.  Procillus,  a young  ■ 
man  sent  by  Caesar  to  Ariovistus, 
(52). 

Pro-cldmo , ore,  cm,  ate.  To  cry 
out,  proclaim. 

Pro-consul,  ulis,  m.  Proconsul,  one 
with  the  authority  of  consul. 

Procul , adv.  At  a distance,  far 
off. 

Pro-curo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  attend 
to,  have  the  care  of. 

Pro-curro,  ere , cncrri  (cucurri),  c^r- 
swm.  To  run  forth,  project. 

Proditio,  dnis,  f.  (prodo).  Treach- 
ery, treason. 

Prod  dor,  oris , m.  (prodo).  Traitor. 

Pro-do,  ere,  dldi,  ddum.  To  disclose, 
betray. 

Pro-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum . To 
lead  forth,  produce. 

Proelium,  ii,  n.  Battle,  conflict. 

Profecto,  adv.  Indeed,  truly. 

* Proficiscor , proficisci , profectus  sum . 
To  depart,  set  out,  go. 

Prof  ig o,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (pro,  fligo). 
To  overthrow,  ruin, 
i Pro-fund, o,  ere,  fudi , fusum.  To 


Publius] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


193 


pour  out,  spend ; throw  away, 
lavish,  dissipate. 

Progrcdior , gredi , gressus  sum , dep. 
(pro,  gradior).  To  proceed,  ad- 
vance. 

Prohibeo , ere,  wi,  Hum,  (pro,  habeo). 
To  prohibit,  prevent. 

Pr omissus,  a,  um,  (promitto).  Grow- 
ing long,  long. 

Pro-mitto , ere , misi,  missum.  To 
send  forth,  promise. 

Promontorium,  ii , n.  Promontory. 

Promptus,  a,  um.  Prompt,  ready. 

Pro-nuntio , «?*e,  atom.  To  pub- 
lish, proclaim,  announce;  recite, 
declaim ; act,  tell,  narrate. 

Propdgo , are,  arz,  dtum.  To  prop- 
agate ; prolong. 

Prope , adv.,  and  prep,  with  acc. 
Near,  nearly,  near  to,  close  by, 
near. 

Propro,  are,  avi , dtum.  To  hasten. 

Propior,  ins.  Nearer.  See  166. 

Propius,  adv.  Nearer. 

Pro-pOno,  ere , posui,  positum.  To 
set  forth,  state,  propose. 

Prop  Hus,  a,  um.  Peculiar,  proper, 
one’s  own,  characteristic  of. 

Propter,  prep,  with  acc.  For,  on 
account  of. 

Propter-ea , adv.  Therefore,  on  that 
account. 

Pro-pulso , are , avi,  dtum.  To  repel, 
ward  off. 

Prora,  ece,  f.  Prow,  forepart  of  a 
ship. 

Prorsus,  adv.  Uninterruptedly, 
straight  on,  absolutely. 

Pro-rumpo,  ere,  rvpi,  ruptum.  To 
rush  or  break  forth. 

Pro-scribo , ere,  scripsi , scriptum.  To 
proscribe,  outlaw. 


Prosilio , ire,  ii  or  ui,  (pro,  salio). 
To  leap  up,  spring  forth. 

Prospere,  ius,  rime , adv.  (prospSrus). 
Happily,  prosperously. 

Prospirus,  a,  um.  Favorable,  for- 
tunate, prosperous. 

Prospicio , ire , spexi , spectum , (pro, 
specio).  To  look  forward,  look, 
see ; look  out  for,  take  care  of, 
provide  for  ; discern,  descry. 

Prosterno,  ere,  strdvi,  strCdum,  (pro, 
sterno).  To  prostrate,  overthrow. 

Pro-sum,  prodesse,  profui.  To  pro- 
fit, avail,  be  useful. 

Protinus,  adv.  Directly,  imme- 
diately after. 

Pro-video,  ere,  vidi,  visum.  To  pro- 
vide, be  on  one’s  guard. 

Providus,  a,  um,  (provideo).  Fore- 
seeing, prudent,  cautious,  provi- 
dent. 

Provincia,  ae,  f.  Province. 

Provocatio , onis,  f.  (provoco).  Chal- 
lenge, appeal. 

Provoco , are,  dvi , dtum.  To  chal- 
lenge, appeal.  4 

Proximus,  a,  um.  Nearest,  next. 

166. 

Prudens,  entis.  Prudent,  wise,  learn- 
ed, skilled. 

Prudentia,  ae,  f.  (prudens).  Pru- 
dence. 

Ptolemaeus,  i,  m.  Ptolemy,  the 
name  of  several  kings  of  Egypt, 
(211). 

Publicdla,  ae,  m.  Publicola,  the 

surname  of  Valerius,  one  of  the 
first  consuls  at  Rome,  (169). 

Publicus,  a,  um.  Public. 

Publius,  ii,  m.  Publius,  a Roman 
name;  as,  Publius  Rutilius  Ruf  us, 
(139). 


194 


LATIN  READER. 


[PUDEI 


Pudet , ere,  puduit , puditum  est , im- 
pers.  It  shames ; pudet  me , it 
shames  me,  I am  ashamed. 

Pudor,  oris , m.  Regard,  respect, 
modesty,  awe,  shame. 

Puelia , ae,  f.  Girl. 

Piter,  tri , m.  Boy. 

Puerilis , e,  (puer).  Boyish,  youth- 
ful. 

Paeritia , ae,  f,  (puer).  Boyhood. 

Pugio,  onis , m.  Dagger,  poniard. 

Pugna , ae,  f.  Battle. 

Pug  no,  are , alum.  To  fight. 

Pulcher , chra , chrum . Beautiful. 

Pulvillus , i,  m.  Pulvillus.  Horor 
tins  Pulvillus , a Roman  consul  in 
the  first  year  after  the  banishment 
of  Tarquin,  (170). 

Pumilio , onis,  m.  and  f.  Dwarf, 
pigmy. 

Punicus,  a,  um,  (Poeni).  Punic, 
Carthaginian,  belonging  to  Car- 
thage or  the  Carthaginians.  (196). 

Punio,  ire,  Ivi,  Hum.  To  punish. 

Pupillus,  i,  m.  Pupil. 

Puppis,  is  f.  The  stern,  the  hinder 
part  of  a ship. 

Pusillus , a,  um.  Small,  weak ; little. 

Puio,  are , dvi,  atum . To  think, 
imagine,  esteem. 

Pydna,  ae,  f.  Pydna,  a town  of 
Macedonia,  celebrated  for  the 
victory  of  Paulus  over  Perseus. 
(198). 

Pyrenaeus,  i,  m.  The  Pyrenees,  a 
range  of  mountains  between 
France  and  Spain,  (190). 

Pyrrhus,  i,  m.  Pyrrhus,  a king  of 
Epirus,  (183). 

Pythagoras,  ae,  m.  Pythagoras,  a 
celebrated  philosopher  of  Samos, 
(94). 


Pythia,  ae,  f.  Pythia,  the  priestess 
of  Apollo,  at  Delphi,  (217)* 

Q. 

Q.  or  Qu.  An  abbreviation  of 

Quintus. 

Quadragesimus , a,  um,  (quadragin 
ta).  Fortieth. 

Quadraginta , indecl.  Forty. 

Quadriga , ae,  f.  Chariot,  four-horse 
chariot. 

Quadring entesimus,  a,  um,  (quad- 
ringenti).  The  four  hundredth. 

Quadringenti,  ae,  a.  Four  hun- 
dred. 

Quaero  or  quaeso,  ere , quaeslvi , 
quaesltum . To  seek,  inquire,  ask, 
implore.  Quaeritur,  impers.  It 
is  asked,  the  question  is  asked. 

Qualis,  e.  What,  what  sort ; talis 
—qualis,  such — as. 

Quam,  adv.  and  conj.  How;  as, 
than,  after : quam  multi,  how 
many ; with  superl.  intensive, 
quam  maximus,  as  great  as  possi- 
ble. 

Quam-diu,  adv.  How  long,  as  long 
as. 

Quam-quam,  conj.  Although, 
though. 

Quam-vis.  However,  however  much, 
though. 

Quantus,  a,  um.  How  great,  how 
much ; tanius — quantus,  so  great 
as ; quanto,  by  how  much,  as. 

Qua-re.  Wherefore,  whereby. 

Quartus,  a,  um.  Fourth. 

Quasi.  As  if. 

Quaterni,  ae,  a,  distributive.  Four 
by  four,  four  at  a time,  four  each. 
174,  2. 


Quondam] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


195 


Quatio , 8re,  quassi,  quassurn.  To 
shake. 

Quatriduum , i,  n.  (quattuor,  dies). 
Space  of  four  days,  four  days. 

Quattuor , indecl.  Four. 

Quattuordecim , indecl.  (quattuor, 
decern).  Fourteen. 

gwe,  appended  to  another  word. 
And.  587, 1.  3. 

Quem-ad-modum,  adv.  In  what  man- 
ner, how,  as. 

Querela,  ae,  f.  (queror).  Complaint. 

Queror,  queri , questus  sum , dep.  To 
complain. 

Qui,  quae , gwoc?,  rel.  and  interrog. 
Who,  which,  what. 

Quia , conj.  Because. 

Quicunque  (or  cumque)  quaecun- 
que,  quodcunque . Whoever, 
whatever. 

Quidam , quaedam,  quoddam  or 
quiddam.  A certain  one,  certain. 

Quidem.  Indeed. 

Quies,  etis,  f.  Rest,  quiet. 

Quiesco , ere,  quievi , quietum,  (quies). 
To  rest,  repose,  keep  quiet. 

Quietus , a,  w/n,  (quiesco).  Quiet,  at 
rest. 

Qui-libet , quaelibet , quodlibet , indef. 
pron.  Any  one,  any. 

Gwm.  That  not,  but  that,  that. 

Quinctius,  ii , m.  Quinctius. 

Quinctius , a Roman  general  at 
the  time  the  city  was  threatened 
by  the  Gauls,  321  B.  C.  (177). 

Quinctius  Flaminius  gained 
the  victory  at  Cynoscephalae, 
(197). 

Quindecim , indecl.  Fifteen. 

Quingentesimus , a,  wm,  (quingenti). 
The  five  hundreth. 

Quingenti , ae,  a.  Five  hundred. 


Quinquagesimus,  a,  um,  (quinqua- 
ginta).  Fiftieth. 

Quinquaginta , indecl.  Fifty. 

Quinque,  indecl.  Five. 

Quinquennium,  ii,  n.  Five  years, 
space  of  five  years. 

Quintus,  a,  um.  Fifth. 

Quintus,  i,  m.  Quintus,  a common 
Roman  name;  as,  Quintus 
cius  Scaevdla,  (172). 

Qnippe , conj.  Indeed. 

Quis,  quae , quid  $ interrog.  pron. 
Who,  which,  what  ? 

quae,  quid,  indef.  pron.  Some 
one,  any  one.  190,  1. 

Quisnam  or  quinam,  quaenam, 
quodnam  or  quidnam.  Who, 
which,  what. 

Quispiam,  quaepiam,  quodpiam, 
and  subs,  quidpiam  or  quippiam, 
indef.  pron.  Any  one,  any 
body,  any ; some  one,  some  thing, 
some. 

Quis-quam , quaequam,  quidquamov 
quicquam.  Any,  any  one. 

Quis-que , quaeque,  quodque  or  quid- 
que.  Every,  every  one,  whoever, 
whatever;  with  superl.,  intensive, 
primo  quoque  tempore,  on  the 
very  first  opportunity. 

Quis-quis,  quaequae,  quidquid  or 
quicquid.  Whoever,  whatever. 

Quo.  Where,  whither,  that,  in 
order  that. 

Quo-ad.  Till,  until,  as  long  as,  as 
far  as. 

Quod,  conj.  That,  because. 

Quominus,  (quo,  minus).  That  not, 
from. 

Quomodo , adv.  (quo,  modo).  How, 
by  what  means. 

Quondam,  adv.  Formerly. 


196 


LATIN  READER. 


[Quoqub 


Quoque.  Also,  too. 

Quot,  adj.  pi.  indec.  How  many,  as 
many,  as ; all. 

Quot-annis.  Every  year,  yearly. 

Quotidie.  Daily,  every  day. 

Quotas , a,  um.  Of  what  number, 
how  many  ; what,  often  applied  to 
the  hour  of  the  day. 

Quum  or  cum.  When,  since  ; 
though  ; quum — turn,  not  only — 
but  also,  both — and ; rarely  either 
—or. 

R. 

Rabies , ei,  f.  Madness,  rage. 

Radix,  ids , f.  Root,  foot,  base,  as 
of  a mountain. 

Ramus , i , m.  Branch. 

Rapina , ae , f.  Rapine,  plunder. 

Rapio , ere,  rapui , raptum.  To  rob, 
carry  off. 

Raptor,  oris,  m.  (rapio).  Robber, 
plunderer. 

Raro,  adv.  (rarus).  Rarely,  seldom. 

Rarus,  a , um.  Rare,  uncommon. 

Ratio , onis,  f.  A calculating,  think- 
ing ; reason,  understanding ; plan, 
method,  kind. 

Ratis,  is,  f.  Raft. 

Re-bello,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  rebel. 

Re-cedo , ere,  cesst,  cessum.  To  with- 
draw, recede,  retire. 

Recens , entis.  Recent,  fresh,  young, 
new. 

Redpio,  ere , cipi,  ceptum,  (re,  capio). 
To  receive,  recover,  resume;  se 
recipere,  to  betake  one’s  self, 
withdraw. 

Reel  to,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (re,  cito). 
To  repeat,  recite. 

Recognosco , ere \ ndvi,  nltum,  (re, 
cognosco).  To  recognize. 


Recordatio , onis , f.  (recordor).  Re- 
collection, remembrance. 

Recordor,  dri,  atus  sum , dep.  To 
recollect. 

Rede,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (rectus). 
Rightly. 

Rector,  oris , m.  (rego).  Director, 
ruler. 

Rectum,  i,  n.  (rectus).  Right. 

Rectus , a,  um,  (rego).  Straight, 
right,  correct. 

Recupero , are,  dvi,  atum . To  re- 
gain. 

Red-do,  ere,  didi,  ditum.  To  re- 
store, return  ; make  ; render,  re- 
peat, recite,  give  up,  resign ; as- 
sign. 

Red-eo,  Ire , ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  go 
back,  return.  295. 

Redlgo,  ere,  egi,  actum,  (red,  ago). 
To  force,  reduce,  compel. 

Redimo,  ere,  emi,  emptum,  (red, 
emo).  To  ransom. 

Reditus,  us,  m.  (redeo).  Return, 
revenue. 

Re-duco , ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  lead 
back,  reduce. 

Red-undo,  are,  dvi , atum.  To  over- 
flow ; to  abound. 

Refer  do,  ire,  fersi,  fertum,  (re,  far- 
cio).  To  fill,  stuff,  cram. 

Re-fero,  ferre , tuli,  latum,  (re- 
fero).  To  bring  back,  requite, 
return,  render,  place  among,  re- 
fer ; refert,  imps,  it  concerns, 
matters. 

Refertus,  a,  um,  part,  (refercio). 
Filled. 

Ref  do,  ere,  fed , fectum.,  (re,  facio). 
To  repair,  restore ; recover. 

Refluo,  ere,  fluxi , fluxum,  (re,  fluo). 
To  flow  back. 


Responded] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


107 


Re-fugio,  ere,  fiigi,  fugitum.  To  re- 
treat. 

Regina,  ae,  f.  Queen. 

Regio , dnis , f.  Region,  country. 

Regius,  a,  um,  (rex).  Royal. 

Regno,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (regnum). 
To  reign,  rule. 

Regnum,  i , n.  (rex).  Kingdom, 
sovereignty,  government. 

Rego , ere,  rexi,  rectum.  To  direct, 
rule,  manage. 

Regredior,  gredi,  gressus  sum , dep. 
(re,  gradior).  To  return. 

Regula,  ae,  f.  (rego).  Rule,  pattern, 
model. 

Regulus , i , m.  Regulus.  Marcus 
Atilius  Regulus , a distinguished 
Roman  consul  taken  prisoner  by 
the  Carthaginians  in  the  first 
Punic  war,  (186). 

Religio,  dnis,  f.  Religion,  obligation. 

Re-linquo,  ere,  llqui,  licium.  To 
leave,  desert. 

Reliquiae,  arum , f.  pi.  Remnant, 
those  who  escaped. 

Reliquus,  a,  um.  The  rest,  remain- 
ing, the  other.  Relxquum  est,  it  is 
left,  it  remains. 

Re-maneo , ere,  mansi , mansum.  To 
remain. 

Remedium,  ii,  n.  Remedy. 

Reminiscor , ci,  dep.  To  remem- 
ber. 

Re-mitto,  ere,  misi,  missum.  To 
send  back. 

Re-moveo,  ere,  movi,  motum.  To 
take  away,  remove. 

Remus , i,  m.  Oar. 

Remus , i , m.  Remus,  the  brother 
of  Romulus,  (162). 

Rcnovo,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (re,  novo). 
To  renew. 


Re-nuntio,  are,  dvi , dtum . To  re-' 
port,  announce. 

Repdro,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (re,  paro), 
To  renew,  repair. 

Re-pello,  ere , puli,  pulsum . To  re- 
pel, drive  back. 

Repente,  adv.  Suddenly. 

Repentinus,  a,  um.  Unexpected, 
sudden. 

Reperio,  ire,  peri,  perium,  (re,  pa- 
rio).  To  find. 

Re-pleo , ere , evi,  etum.  To  fill,  fill 
again. 

Re-pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To  re- 
place, restore,  lay  up. 

Re-porto , are,  dvi,  dtum . To  gain, 
bear  off. 

Reprehendo,  ere,  prehendi,  preken- 
sum,  (re,  prehendo).  To  blame, 
censure. 

Repudio,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  reject, 
divorce. 

Re-pugno,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  resist. 

Re-qulro,  ere,  quisivi  or  ii,  quisltum 
(re,  quaero).  To  seek,  demand, 
require. 

Res,  rei,  f.  Thing ; affair ; state ; 
deed,  reality,  battle;  res  gestae , 
exploits  ; res  publica,  republic. 

Re-scribo , ere,  scripsi,  scriptum.  To 
write  back,  reply  in  writing. 

Resideo,  ere,  sedi,  (re,  sedeo).  To 
sit,  remain,  sit  down. 

Resisto,  ere,  stiti , stitum.  To  op- 
pose, resist. 

Respectus,  us,  m.  (respicio).  Respect, 
regard. 

Respicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (re,  spe- 
cio).  To  look  back ; regard,  re- 
spect. 

Re-spondeo,  ere,  spondi,  sponsum . 
To  reply. 


198 


LATIN  READER 


[Responsum 


Responsum , i.  n.  (respondeo).  An- 
swer, response. 

Res  publica,  rei  publicae , or  respub- 
lica,  reipublicae , f.  Republic. 
126. 

Re-spuo , ere,  sjowi.  To  cast  out,  eject ; 
reject,  refuse,  dislike. 

Restituo , ere,  stitui,  stitutum , (re, 
statuo).  To  restore. 

Re-tardo , are,  aw,  atam.  To  detain, 
retard,  check. 

Retineo , ere,  tentum , (re, 

teneo).  To  retain. 

ifews,  £,  m.  Criminal,  defendant. 

Reverentia , ae,  f.  Reverence. 

Re-verto,  ere,  verti , versum  ; rever- 
tor,  dep.  To  come  back,  return. 

Re-voco , are,  aw , dtum.  To  recall, 
regris,  m.  King. 

Rhea,  ae,  f.  Rhea.  72/iea  Silvia , 
the  daughter  of  Numitor  and  the 
mother  of  Romulus  and  Remus, 
(152). 

Rhenus , i , m.  The  river  Rhine, 
(208). 

Rhodimus,  i,  m.  The  river  Rhone, 
in  Gaul,  (208). 

Rhodius,  a,  um,  (Rhodos,  ^Ae  island 
of  Rhodes).  Rhodian,  of  or  be- 
longing to  Rhodes.  Rhodius , ii, 
m.  A Rhodian,  (143). 

Rideo,  ere , w,  swm.  To  laugh,  to 
laugh  at. 

iftjoa,  ae,  f.  Bank,  a#  o/  a river. 

Rite,  adv.  Rightly,  in  due  form. 

Robur,  oris , n.  Strength. 

Robustus,  a , wm,  (robur).  Robust, 
strong. 

Rogatio , onis,  f.  (rogo).  An  asking, 
question ; entreaty,  request. 

Rogo,  are , aw,  a^am.  To  ask,  ques- 
tion. 


Roma , a^,  f.  Rome,  (27). 

Romdnus,  a,  um,  adj.  (Roma).  Ro- 
man ; subs.  Romdnus , i,  m.  a Ro 
man,  (26). 

Romulus , i,  m.  Romulus,  the  foun- 
der of  Rome,  (154). 

Roscius,  ii,  m.  Roscius-,  a Roman 
name.  Lucius  Roscius , a cele- 
brated tribune  of  the  people  and 
friend  of  Cicero,  (51). 

Rotundus,  a,  um.  Round,  sphe- 
rical. 

Rufus,  i,  m.  Rufus,  a Roman  sur- 
name ; as,  Publius  Rutilius  Rufus, 
(139). 

Rulna,  ae,  f.  Ruin,  fall. 

Rullianus,  i.  m.  Rullianus,  a Ro- 
man name.  Quintus  Fabius  Rul- 
lianus, master  of  the  cavalry  ( ma - 
gister  equitum)  under  the  dicta- 
tor Papirius  Cursor,  (178). 

Rumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum.  To 
break. 

Ruo,  ere,  rui,  ruitum  or  rutum.  To 
run,  rush  forth. 

Rupes,  is,  f.  Rock,  cliff. 

Rursus  (or  um),  adv.  Back,  again. 

Rus,  ruris,  n.  Country,  as  opposed 
to  city . 

Rusticus,  i , m.  Countryman,  farm- 
er, peasant,  husbandman. 

Rutilius,  ii,  m.  Rutilius,  a Roman 
name.  Publius  Rutilius  Rufus, 
a Roman  consul,  slain  in  the  So- 
cial war,  (139). 

S. 

S.  An  abbreviation  for  Sextus , Sp. 
for  Spurius. 

Sabini,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Sabines,  a 
people  of  Italy,  bordering  upon 
Latium,  (167). 


Scientia] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


199 


Sacer,  sacra,  sacrum . Sacred. 

Sacerdos , Otis,  m.  and  f.  (sacer). 
Priest,  priestess. 

Sacrificium,  ii,  n.  Sacrifice. 

Sacro,  are , avi,  dtum , (sacer).  To 
consecrate. 

Sacrum,  i,  n.  Sacred  rite  or  insti- 
tution; sacrifice. 

Saepe,  ius , issime,  adv.  Often. 

Saevio,  Ire , m or  ee,  To  rage, 

be  cruel. 

<S agacitas,  dtis7  f.  Sagacity,  acute- 
ness, shrewdness. 

Sagax,  dcis.  Acute,  sagacious. 

Sagitta , ae , f.  Arrow. 

Saguntum , n.  Saguntum,  a town 
in  Spain,  on  the  Mediterranean, 
(189). 

Saguntini , drum,  m.  pi.  The  Sa- 
guntines,  citizens  of  Saguntum, 
(189). 

Saldmis , is  or  mis,  f.  (acc.  Salami - 
wo),  or  Salamina , ae,  f.  The 
island  of  Salamis,  off  the  coast  of 
Attica,  (217). 

Saluber , 6Ws,  6re,  (salus).  Health- 
ful, salubrious. 

Salus,  utis , f.  Safety;  /Sairn*  per- 
sonified, the  Roman  goddess,  /Sa- 
^s,  (20,  7). 

Saluturis , e,  (salus).  Healthful, 
wholesome. 

Saluto , are,  a^i,  aiam,  (salus).  To 
salute. 

fih/re,  def.  verb.  Hail.  See  297,  III.  1. 

Salvus , a,  m.  Safe,  unhurt. 

Sammies,  ium , m.  pi.  The  Sam- 
nites,  the  inhabitants  of  Samnium, 
in  Italy,  (178). 

Sarnus  or  /Samos,  i,  f.  The  island 
Samos,  on  the  coast  of  Asia 
Minor. 


Sancte , ius,  issime , (sanctus,  sacred , 
pure),  ad  7.  Chastely,  purely, 
conscientiously. 

Sanguis,  inis,  m.  Blood. 

Sannio,  onis,  m.  Sannio,  a proper 
name,  (35). 

Sapiens , ewdis.  Wise ; sw6s.  a wise 
man. 

Sapienter,  ius , issime , adv.  (sapiens). 
Wisely. 

Sapientia , ae,  f.  (sapiens).  Wisdom. 

Sapio,  ere , ivi  or  W.  To  taste ; to 
have  sense,  to  know,  understand, 
be  wise. 

Sardes,  ium,  f.  Sardis,  the  ancient 
capital  of  Lydia. 

Sardinia,  ae,  f.  The  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, west  of  Italy,  (188). 

Satelles,  ids,  m.  and  f.  Lifeguard, 
attendant. 

Satio,  are,  dvi , dium.  To  fill,  sa- 
tisfy, content. 

Satis , adv.,  adj.,  subs.  Enough,  suf- 
ficient, sufficiently;  satis  habere , 
to  have  enough,  be  content. 

Saturnia,  ae,  f.  Saturnia,  the  town 
and  citadel  built  by  Saturn,  (148). 

Saturnus,  i,  m.  Saturn,  the  most 
ancient  king  of  Latium,  (148). 

Saucius , a,  um . Wounded,  injured, 
hurt,  sick,  intoxicated. 

Saxum,  i,  n.  Rock,  stone. 

Scaevdla,  ae,  m.  See  Mucius,  (172). 

Scelestus , a,  um,  (scelus).  Wicked, 

criminal,  infamous. 

Scelus,  eris,  n.  Crime,  wickedness. 

Scena,  ae,  f.  Scene,  stage. 

Schola , ae,  f.  Leisure  devoted  tc 
.learning ; a place  of  learning,  a 
school ; a lecture,  dissertation. 

Scientia,  ae,  f.  (scio).  Knowledge, 
science,  skill,  expertness. 


200 


LATIN  KEA&EK. 


Scio,  scire , scivi,  scitum To  know, 
understand,  have  knowledge. 

Scipio , dnis,  m.  Scipio,  the  name 
of  a distinguished  Roman  family. 
See  Africanus , (190). 

Scriba , ae,  m.  (scribo).  Scribe, 
clerk. 

Scribo , ere,  scripsiy  scriptum.  To 
write,  prepare. 

Scutum , £,  n.  Shield. 

Scythia , ae,  f.  Scythia,  an  extensive 
country  in  the  north  of  Europe 
and  Asia,  (215). 

Scythae , drum,  m.  pi.  The  Scythi- 
ans, (215). 

Se-cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum . To  retire, 
withdraw. 

Secundum,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  acc. 
After,  behind,  next  to  ; according 
to,  by  the  side  of,  along. 

Secundus , a,  um . Second,  favorable, 
prosperous. 

Sed,  conj.  But. 

Sedecim,  indec.  (sex,  decern).  Six- 
teen. 

Sedeo,  ere,  sedi , sessum.  To  sit,  stay. 

Sedes,  is,  f.  Seat,  abode,  residence. 

Seditio,  dnis,  f.  Quarrel,  sedition. 

Sediliosus , b,  um,  (seditio).  Muti- 
nous, seditious. 

Sedo,  are , avi,  atum.  To  allay,  quiet. 

Segnis,  e.  Slothful,  inactive. 

Segmter,  ius,  issime , adv.  (segnis). 
Slothfully. 

Seleucia , ae,  f.  Seleucia,  a city  of 
Syria  on  the  Orontes,  (206). 

Semel,  adv.  Once. 

Sementis,  is,  f.  Seed  ; sowing. 

Semianimis,  e.  Half-alive,  half-dead. 

Semper,  adv.  Always,  ever. 

Sernpiternus,  a,  um,  (semper).  Ever- 
lasting, imperishable. 


fScio 

Sempronius,  ii,  m.  See  Gracchus , 
(190). 

Senator,  Oris,  m.  (senex).  Senator. 

Sendtrn,  us,  m.  (senex).  Senate. 

Senectus , utis,  f.  (senex).  Old  age,  age. 

Senesco , ere,  senui.  To  grow  old, 
become  aged ; senescens,  entis , be- 
coming old,  aged. 

Senex,  se7iis.  Old,  aged.  168,  3. 

Senex,  senis,  m.  and  f.  An  old  man, 
an  aged  person. 

Senones , um,  m.  pi.  The  Senones,  a 
powerful  people  in  Gaul,  (1 76). 

Sensim,  adv.  (sentio).  Sensibly ; 
slowly,  gradually,  by  degrees. 

Sensus,  us,  m.  Sensation,  sense, 
perception. 

Sententia,  ae,  f.  Opinion,  sentence, 
sentiment,  maxim,  axiom,  purpose, 
decision. 

Sentio,  ire,  sensi , sensum.  To  per- 
ceive, feel,  experience ; think, 
judge. 

Sepelio,  Ire,  pellvi  or  ii,  pultum.  To 
bury. 

Sepio,  ire,  sepsi,  septum.  To  guard, 
shelter.  ^ 

Septem,  indecl.  Seven. 

Septimus,  a,  um,  (septem).  Se- 
venth. 

Septingentesimus , a,  um,  (septin- 
genti).  The  seven  hundredth. 

Septinge7iti,  ae,  a.  Seven  hundred. 

Septuagesimus,  a,  um,  (septuaginta). 
Seventieth. 

Septuaginta,  indecl.  Seventy. 

Sepulcrum , i,  n.  (sepelio).  Grave, 
tomb,  sepulchre. 

Sepultura,  ae,  f.  (sepelio).  Burial. 

Sequdni,  drum,  m.  The  Sequani,  a 
Gallic  people,  dwelling  on  the 
river  Sequana,  (23,  15). 


SOCIETAS] 


LATLST-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


201 


Sequor , sequi,  secfdus  sum , dep.  To 
follow,  succeed. 

Sergius , w,  m.  See  Catilina , (207). 

Sermo , owis,  m.  Speech,  discourse, 
conversation. 

/Sero,  «ws,  issime , adv.  (serus).  Late, 
too  late. 

Serpo , ere,  serpsi , serptum.  To 
spread,  extend. 

Scrus,  a , wm,  Late. 

Servilius,  ii,  m.  Servilius,  a Roman 
name. 

Servio , ire,  m or  u,  To  be  a 

slave,  to  serve,  be  subject  to. 

Servltus , fitis , f.  (servio).  Servitude, 
slavery. 

Servius , ii,  m.  Servius,  a Roman 
name.  Servim  Tullius , the  sixth 
king  of  Rome,  (164). 

Servo,  are,  avi , dtum . To  observe, 
keep ; preserve. 

Servus,  i,  m.  Slave. 

£cw.  YvTiether;  sew — sew,  whether 
— or. 

/Sea:,  indecl.  Six. 

Sexagesimus , a,  urn,  (sexaginta). 
Sixtieth. 

Sexaginta,  indecl.  Sixty. 

Sexcentesimus , a,  um , (sexcenti).  Six 
hundredth. 

Sexcenti,  ae,  a . Six  hundred. 

Sextus,  a,  um,  (sex).  Sixth. 

/SYi,  conj.  If. 

/S7e,  adv.  Thus,  so. 

Siccus,  a,  um.  Dry. 

Sicilia,  ae,  f.  The  island  of  Sicily, 
(185). 

Sidus,  eris,  n.  A group  of  stars,  a 
constellation. 

Significo,  Ore,  avi,  Odum,  (signum, 
facio).  To  show,  indicate,  mean, 
signify. 

9* 


Signum,  i,  n.  Mark,  sign,  indica- 
tion, standard. 

Silentium , ii,  n.  Silence,  stillness, 
quiet,  repose. 

Sileo,  ere,  ui.  To  be  silent,  still, 
quiet ; to  pass  over  in  silence,  not 
to  speak  of. 

Silvia,  ae,  f.  See  Rhea,  (152). 

Silvius,  ii,  m.  Silvius,  the  name  of 
several  kings  of  Alba,  the  first  of 
whom  was  the  son  of  Aeneas , 
(150,  151). 

SirniUs , e.  Similar,  like.  163,  2. 

Similiter,  ius,  lime,  adv.  (simiiis). 
In  like  manner,  similarly,  in  a 
similar  way.  305,  2. 

Simonides,  is,  m.  Simonides,  a cele- 
brated lyric  poet  of  Cea,  (132). 

Simul,  adv.  At  the  same  time. 

Simulatio , onis,  f.  An  assumed  ap- 
pearance, pretence,  simulation,  de- 
ceit, hypocrisy. 

Sin,  conj.  But  if. 

Sine,  prep,  with  abl.  Without. 

Singularis , e.  Single,  singular,  re- 
markable. 

Sing  ulus , a,  um.  Single,  one  by  one. 

Sinister,  tra , irum.  Left,  on  the 
left. 

Sino,  ere,  sivi,  situm.  To  permit ; 
allow ; situs,  put,  placed,  situated. 

Sinus,  us,  m.  Bosom,  bay. 

Si-quis  or  siqui,  siqua,  siquid  or  si- 
quod,  indef.  pron.  If  any,  if  any 
one. 

Sitis,  is,  f.  Thirst,  desire. 

Sobrius,  a,  um.  Sober,  temperate, 
moderate,  reasonable. 

Socer , eri,  m.  Father-in-law. 

Socialis,  e,  (socius).  Social,  friendly. 

So ci etas,  atis,  f.  (socius).  League, 
alliance,  partnership,  society. 


202 


LATIN  READER. 


[Socius 


Socius , ii,  m.  Ally,  confederate. 

Socrates,  is,  m.  Socrates,  a cele- 
brated Grecian  philosopher,  (20,  8). 

Sol,  soils,  m.  Sun. 

Solemnis,  e.  Stated,  established  ; 
religious,  solemn. 

Solemniter,  adv.  (solemnis).  Sol- 
emnly, in  due  form. 

Soleo,  ere,  itus  sum . To  be  accus- 
tomed, be  wont.  272,  3. 

Solidus,  a,  um.  Solid. 

Solitudo,  mis,  f.  (solus).  Solitude. 

Soliius,  a,  um,  (soleo).  Usual. 

Sollertia , ae,  f.  Sagacity,  shrewd- 
ness. 

Solon,  onis,  m.  Solon,  a celebrated 
Athenian  law-giver  and  one  of  the 
seven  wise  men  of  Greece,  (128). 

Solum,  adv.  (solus).  Only,  alone. 

Solus,  a,  um.  Alone.  149. 

Solidus,  a,  um,  (solvo).  Unrestrain- 
ed, dissolute. 

Solvo,  ere,  solvi,  soliilnm . To  loose, 
unbind ; to  pay. 

Somnio,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (somnium). 
To  dream. 

Somnium,  ii,  n.  Dream. 

Somnus,  i,  m.  Sleep. 

Sonitus,  us,  m.  (sono).  Sound,  noise. 

Sono,  are,  ui,  itum.  To  sound,  ut- 
ter, speak,  call,  express,  mean. 

Sonus,  i,  m.  (sono).  Sound. 

Sophocles,  is  and  i,  m.  Sophocles, 
a celebrated  Grecian  tragic  poet, 
(55). 

Sordtdus,  a,  um.  Sordid,  soiled, 
filthy,  base,  mean. 

Soror,  oris,  f.  Sister. 

Sors,  sorfis,  f.  Lot. 

Sparta,  ae,  f.  Sparta,  the  capital  of 
Laconia,  in  the  Peloponnesus ; 
also  called  Lacedaemon. 


Spartdnus,  a,  um,  adj.  (Sparta). 
Spartan;  subs.  Spartdnus,  i,  m., 
a Spartan,  (222). 

Spartdcus,  i,  m.  Spartacus,  a cele- 
brated gladiator  who  waged  war 
against  the  Romans,  (204). 

Spatium,  ii,  n.  Space. 

Species,  ei,  f.  Appearance,  guise. 

Spectacalum,  i,  n.  (specto).  Specta- 
cle, show. 

Specto,  are , dvi,  atum.  To  view, 
witness.  Spectddus , a,  um.  Tried, 
proved,  illustrious. 

Sperno,  ere,  sprevi,  spretum.  To 
despise,  reject,  contemn,  scorn, 
spurn. 

Spero,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  expect, 
hope ; flatter  one’s  self. 

Spes , ei,  f.  Hope. 

Spolio,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (spolium).  To 
rob  ; spoil ; despoil. 

Spolium,  ii,  n.  Plunder,  spoil, 
booty. 

Spontis,  gen.  sponte,  abl.  sing.  Of 
or  for  himself,  itself,  of  one’s  own 
accord,  on  one’s  own  account,  vo- 
luntarily, spontaneously. 

Spurius,  ii,  m.  See  Postumius  and 
Lucretius. 

Stabilitas,  atis,  f.  Immovability, 
steadfastness,  stability. 

Stadium,  ii,  n.  A stade  or  stadium, 
a measure  equal  to  606  English 
feet ; race-course,  race-ground. 

Statim , adv.  (sto).  At  once,  imme- 
diately. 

Statio , onis,  f.  (sto).  Station,  post ; 
residence. 

Statua,  ae,  f.  (statuo).  Statue. 

Statuo , ere,  ui,  utum,  (status,  from 
sto).  To  determine ; appoint, 
place. 


SUFFICIO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


203 


Statura , ae , f.  (status,  from  sto). 
Height,  size  of  the  body,  stature. 

Status , ws,  m.  (sto).  State,  condition. 

Stella , ae,  f.  Star. 

Sterno , ere,  stravi,  stratum.  To 
prostrate. 

$to,  store,  sto/i,  statum.  To  stand. 

Strages , is,  f.  Slaughter,  defeat. 

Strang  ulo,  dret  dvi , atom.  To 
strangle. 

Strenue,  adv.  (strenuus).  Vigor- 
ously, carefully. 

Strenuus , a,  m.  Active,  valiant. 

Studeo , efe,  ui.  To  study,  favor,  be 
attached  to ; to  devote  one’s  self 
to ; be  zealous. 

Studiose , tos,  issime , adv.  (studio- 
sus).  Diligently,  earnestly. 

Studidsus , a,  wm,  (studium).  Eager, 
desirous,  zealous;  friendly,  stu- 
dious. 

Studium , w,  n.  Zeal,  study,  desire, 
pursuit. 

Stultitia,  ae,  f.  (stultus).  Folly,  fool- 
ishness, simplicity. 

Stultus , a,  um.  Foolish,  simple, 
silly.  . 

Suadeo , £re,  suasi,  suasum.  To  ad- 
vise. 

prep,  with  acc.  or  abl.  Under, 
at  the  foot  of. 

Sub  diico,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  take 
away,  withdraw. 

Subigo , ere,  eyi,  actum,  (sub,  ago). 
To  subdue,  conquer. 

Subito,  adv.  (subitus,  from  subeo). 
Suddenly,  unexpectedly. 

Sublime,  adv.  (sublirais).  Aloft, 
loftily,  on  high. 

Subllmis,  e.  nigh,  on  high. 

Suh-mergo,  ere , mersi , mersum.  To 
dip  or  plunge  under;  to  sink,  | 


overwhelm,  submerge.  Pass . To 
be  overwhelmed,  to  sink. 

Sub-rideo,  ere,  rlsi,  rlsum.  To  smile, 
laugh. 

Subsidium,  ii,  n.  The  reserve  ; aid, 
reinforcement. 

Sub-silio , Ire,  silui  and  silii,  (sub, 
salio).  To  leap  or  jump  up,  leap, 
jump. 

Sub-sum,  esse , fui.  To  be  at  hand 
or  near,  be  under. 

Subter,  prep,  with  acc.  or  abl.  Be- 
low, beneath,  under. 

Sub-trdho,  ere , traxi,  tr actum.  To 

take  away,  remove,  subtract. 

Sub-venio,  ire , veni,  ventum.  To 

come  to ; to  aid,  relieve. 

Sub-verto,  ere,  verti,  versurn.  To 

overturn,  overthrow,  destroy,  sub- 
vert. 

Succedo,  ere , cessi,  cessum , (sub, 
cedo).  To  succeed,  come  after. 

Successio , oris,  f.  (succedo).  Suc- 
cession. / 

Successor,  dnis,  m.  (succedo).  Suc- 
cessor. 

Successus,  us,  m.  (succedo).  Success. 

Suc-cumbo,  ere,  cnbui,  cubitum . To 
yield,  submit  to. 

Suffetius,  ii,  m.  Suffetius.  Metius 
Suffetius,  dictator  of  the  Albans. 
Having  been  summoned  to  aid 
the  Romans  against  the  Veien- 
tines,  he  drew  off  his  forces  at  the 
very  moment  of  battle,  and  await- 
ed the  issue  of  the  engagement. 
For  this  perfidy  he  was  put  to 
death  by  order  of  Tullius  Hosti- 
lius  (160). 

Sufficio , ere , feci , fectum , (sub,  fa- 
cio).  To  substitute ; be  sufficient, 
suffice. 


204 


LATIN  READER. 


[SUFFUNDO 


Suffundo , tire,  fudi,  fusum,  (sub, 
fundo).  To  spread  over,  pour 
through;  suffuse. 

Sui,  sibi.  Himself,  herself,  itself. 

Sulla,  ae , m.  Sulla,  a distinguished 
Roman  dictator  and  general, 
(202). 

Sum , esse , fui.  To  be. 

Summa,  ae,  f.  (summus).  Supreme 
power. 

Summoveo,  ere,  movi,  mdtum , (sub, 
moveo).  To  remove,  displace, 

Summus.  See  Superus. 

Sumo , ere,  sumpsi,  sumptum.  Ta 
take,  inflict. 

Sumptus , us , m.  (sumo).  Expense, 
cost. 

Super , prep,  with  acc.  or  abl.  Over, 
above,  upon;  of,  concerning,  at, 
at  the  time  of. 

Superbia,  ae,  f.  (superbus).  Pride, 
haughtiness. 

Superbus,  a,  um.  Proud. 

Superbus , i , m.  Superbus,  the  sur- 
name of  Tarquin,  the  last  king  of 
Rome,  (167). 

Supero,  are , avi,  atum,  (sup&rus). 
To  surpass ; conquer ; pass  by, 
cross. 

Super stitio,  onis , f.  (supersto).  Su- 
perstition. 

Super-sum,  esse , fui . To  remain,  be 
left,  survive. 

Suptirus , a,  um  ; comp,  superior  ; 
superl.  supremus  or  summus. 
High,  above;  past,  former.  163, 
3. 

Super-venio,  ire,  veni , ventum . To 
come  to,  surprise. 

Supplementum,  i,  n.  Supplies,  re- 
inforcement. 

Supplex,  \cis , (sub,  plico).  Humbly 


begging,  submissive,  beseeching, 
suppliant ; subs,  a suppliant. 

Supplicium , ii,  n.  Punishment. 

Supra , prep,  with  acc.  Above, 
upon. 

Supremus.  See  Suptirus . 

Surripio,  ere,  ripui,  reptum,  (sub, 
rapio).  To  snatch  away ; to  steal, 
pilfer,  purloin. 

Suseipio,  tire,  cepi}  ceptum,  (sub,  ca- 
pio).  To  bear,  endure  ; receive ; 
undertake,  engage  in. 

Suspendo , ere,  pen di,  pensum,  (sub, 
pendo).  To  suspend,  hang  Up. 

Suspensus,  a,  um,  (suspendo).  Un- 
certain, undecided;  anxious. 

Suspicio , onis , f.  (suspicor).  Suspi- 
cion. 

Suspicio,  tire , spexi,  spectum,  (sub, 
specio).  To  suspect. 

Suspicor,  ari,  atus  sum , (suspicio), 
dep.  To  suspect. 

Sustento , are,  avi , atum,  (sustineo). 
To  hold  up,  support,  sustain ; en- 
dure, suffer ; delay.  332,  I.  2. 

Sustineo,  ere , tinui,  tentum,  (sub, 
teneo).  To  sustain,  withstand ; 
endure,  endure  the  thought  of. 

Suits,  a,  um.  His,  her,  its,  their; 
pi.  often,  one’s  party,  friends. 

Syracusae , arum,  f.  pi.  Syracuse,  a 
city  in  Sicily,  (185). 

Syracusani,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Sy- 
racusans, the  citizens  of  Syra- 
cuse, (223). 

T. 

T\  An  abbreviation  of  Titus. 

Tabernaculum,  i,  n.  Tent. 

Taceo,  ere,  tacui , taciturn.  To  be 
silent,  not  to  speak,  to  pass  over 
in  silence. 


Territorium]  % LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


205 


Tacitus , ay  urn.  Silent,  secret,  tacit. 

TactuSy  uSy  m.  Touch. 

Taedety  ere,  taeduii  or  taesum  es/,  im- 
pers.  It  disgusts,  wearies. 

Talenturriy  i,  n.  Talent,  sum  of 
money,  somewhat  more  than 
$1,000. 

TaliSy  e,  such. 

Tam.  So ; tam — quam , so — as. 

Tameriy  conj.  Yet,  nevertheless. 

Tametsiy  conj.  (tamen,  etsi).  Not- 
withstanding that,  although, 
though. 

Tanaquily  ills,  f.  Tanaquil,  the  wife 
of  Tarquinius  Priscus,  (165). 

Tandemy  adv.  At  length. 

Tanquamy  adv.  As,  just  as. 

Tantum.  Only. 

Tantus,  um.  Such,  so  great,  so 
much ; tanii  esse,  to  be  worth  the 
while. 

Tareniumy  i , n.  Tarentum,  a town 
of  Lower  Italy,  (184). 

Tarentlniy  Drum , m.  pi.  The  Taren- 
tines,  the  inhabitants  of  Taren- 
tum, (180). 

Tal'peiay  aey  f.  Tarpeia,  a Roman 
maiden,  who  betrayed  the  citadel 
of  Rome  to  the  Sabines,  (156). 

TarpeiuSy  ii}  m.  Tarpeius,  one  of 
the  seven  hills  of  Rome,  also  call- 
ed Capitollnus.  The  Capitol  was 
erected  upon  it.  Afterwards  the 
term  Tarpeius  was  applied  to 
the  southern  summit  of  the  hill, 
(151).  . 

Tarquiniiy  orumy  m.  pi.  Tarquinii, 
an  ancient  town  of  Etruria,  (49, 
10). 

TarquiniuSy  iiy  m.  Tarquin,  the 
name  of  the  fifth  king  of  Rome 
and  of  his  descendants,  as  Tar- 


quinius  SuperbuSy  the  last  king 
of  Rome;  and  Tarquinius  Colla- 
tlnuSy  the  colleague  of  Brutus  in 
the  consulship,  (169). 

Tectumy  «,  n.  (tego).  Covering,  roof; 
house,  edifice. 

TcgOy  ere,  texi , tectum.  To  cover. 

Tclumy  iy  n.  Weapon. 

Temerey  adv.  Rashly. 

TemeritaSy  atis , f.  Rashness,  indis- 
cretion, temerity. 

TempestaSy  atis , f.  (tempus).  Time  ; 
tempest,  storm. 

Tempestlvey  adv.  (tempestlvus,  time- 
ly). Seasonably,  just  at  the  time, 
opportunely. 

Templum , iy  n.  Temple. 

Tempus,  oris , n.  Time.  Tempbray 
times,  seasons,  events. 

TemulentuSy  a,  um.  Drunk,  intoxi- 
cated. 

Teneoy  ere,  ui,  tentum.  To  hold, 
keep,  occupy ; obtain,  retain,  as  in 
the  memory. 

TentOy  arey  aviy  atumy  (tendo).  To 
try ; attack.  332,  I.  2. 

TenuSy  prep,  with  abl.  Up  to,  as 
far  as. 

TerentiuSy  iiy  m.  See  VarrOy  (191). 

Ter-geminuSy  ay  um.  Threefold ; 
tergeminiy  three  brothers  born  at 
a birth. 

Tergumy  iy  n.  Back. 

TermmOy  dre}  aviy  atumy  (terminus). 
To  limit,  bound. 

TerminuSy  m.  Limit,  boundary; 
end. 

Terray  aey  f.  Earth,  land,  country. 

TerreOy  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  terrify. 

Ter r ester , iris , tfre,  (terra).  Terres- 
trial, on  land,  land  (as  adj.). 

Territoriunfiy  iiy  n.  Territory. 


206 


LATIN  READER. 


[Terror 


Terror  6m,  m.  (terreo).  Terror, 
alarm ; fear  of. 

Tertius,  a , urn.  Third. 

Testamentum , i,  n.  Testament,  will. 

Testis , is , m.  and  f.  Witness. 

Testor,  dri , sm,  (testis).  To 

affirm  ; call  to  witness. 

Testudo,  inis , f.  Tortoise. 

Thales , m.  Thales,  a celebrated 

Grecian  philosopher  of  Miletus, 
one  of  the  seven  wise  men,  (114). 

Thedtrum,  i,  n.  Theatre. 

Thebae,  drum , f.  pi.  Thebes,  the 
capital  of  Boeotia  in  Greece,  (230). 

Thebdnus , a,  wm,  adj.  (Thebae). 
Theban,  (229);  subs.  Thebdnus, 
i , m.,  a Theban. 

Thclesinus , i,  m.  See  Pontius , 
(28,  10). 

Themistocles , is,  m.  Themistocles, 
a celebrated  Athenian  commander, 
(132—134). 

Theocritus , i,  m.  Theocritus,  a ce- 
lebrated Grecian  poet,  (130). 

Theophrastus,  i,  m.  Theophrastus, 
a Grecian  philosopher,  a disciple 
of  Plato  and  Aristotle,  (129). 

Thermopylae,  drum,  f.  pi.  Thermo- 
pylae, the  famous  defile  or  pass 
between  Locris  and  Thessaly, 
where  Leonidas  fell,  (218). 

Thcssalia , ae,  f.  The  country  of 
Thessaly,  in  Greece,  south  of  Ma- 
cedonia, (210). 

Thessalus , a,  urn,  adj.  Thessalian  ; 
subs.  Thessalus,  i , m.,  a Thessa- 
lian, (243). 

Thessalus,  i,  m.  Thessalus,  a native 
of  Thesprotia,  in  Epirus,  who  is 
said  to  have  formed  a settlement 
in  Thessaly,  and  to  have  given  his 
name  to  the  country. 


Thorax,  dcis,  m.  Breastplate,  coat* 
of-mail,  corselet. 

Thracia , ae,  f.  The  country  of 
Thrace,  east  of  Macedonia,  (231). 

Thrasybulus,  i,  m.  Thrasybulus,  an 
Athenian  who  liberated  the  city 
from  the  Thirty  Tyrants,  (136, 
228). 

Thucydides,  is,  m.  Thucydides,  a 
celebrated  Greek  historian,  ('7'?). 

Tibgris,  is,  m.  The  river  Tiber,  in 
Italy,  (153). 

Tiberius , ii,  m.  Tiberius,  the  second 
Roman  emperor,  (145). 

Ticlnus , i,  m.  Ticinus,  a river  in 
Cisalpine  Gaul,  famous  for  the 
victory  of  Hannibal  over  the  Ro- 
mans, (190,  194). 

Tigranes,  is,  m.  Tigranes,  son-in- 
law  of  Mithridates  and  king  of  Ar- 
menia, (205). 

Timeo,  ere,  ui.  To  fear. 

Timidus,  a,  um,  (timeo).  Cowardly, 
timid. 

Timoleon,  ontis,  m.  Timoleon,  a 
Corinthian  general,  (51). 

Timotheus , ei,  m.-  Timotheus,  an 
Athenian  general,  son  of  Conon, 
(49,  12). 

Tintinnabulum , i,  n.  Bell. 

Tiresias,  ae,  m.  Tiresias,  a cele- 
brated blind  soothsayer  of  Thebes, 
(24,  11). 

Tissaphernes,  is,  m.  Tissaphernes, 
a distinguished  Persian  satrap  of 
Lower  Asia,  under  Darius  ; after- 
wards general  in  the  service  of 
Artaxerxes,  (225). 

Titus,  i,  m.  Titus,  a Roman  em- 
peror, (141).  See  also  Quinctius, 
(177). 

Tollo,  ere , sustali,  subldtum.  To 


TrigintaJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


207 


raise,  take  up,  elate  ; take  away  ; 
destroy ; discard. 

Tondeo , ere,  totondi , tonsum.  To 
shear,  clip,  crop ; graze,  browse ; 
pluck,  gather. 

TorquCdus , i,  m.  Torquatus,  sur- 
name of  Titus  Manlius  and  his 
descendants,  (177). 

Torquis , is , m.  and  f.  Collar,  chain 
for  the  neck. 

Tot,  indecl.  So  many. 

Tot  idem , indecl.  Just  as  many,  the 
same  number. 

Totus , a,  um.  All,  the  whole,  some- 
times best  rendered  by  adv.  wholly, 
entirely.  149,  443. 

Tracto,  are , dvi , aium.  To  use, 
treat,  manage. 

Trado,  ere , didi , ditum , (trans,  do). 
To  deliver,  give,  consign  to ; a&o 
to  relate,  say  ; traditur  (when 
impers.),  it  is  said. 

Traduco , ere,  efom,  ductum,  (trans, 
duco).  To  lead  across,  transport. 

Tragoedia , ae,  f.  Tragedy. 

Tragoedus , i,  m.  Tragedian. 

Traho , ere,  /r«m’,  tractum.  To  draw ; 
protract ; delay,  detain,  derive, 
influence. 

Trajicio , ere,  yee^,  jectum , (trans, 
jacio).  To  throw  over ; to  cross  ; 
conduct  over,  lead  over. 

Trano , are,  a£am,  (trans,  no). 
To  swim  over. 

Trans,  prep,  with  acc.  Across,  be- 
yond. 

Trans-duco — traduco. 

Trans-eo,  ire,  ivi  or  it,  itum.  To  go 
over,  to  cross.  295,  3. 

Trans-fcro , ferre,  tuli,  latum.  To 
transport,  transfer,  translate. 

Tram-f  'go , ere,  fixi,  fixum . To 


transfix,  to  thrust  through,  to 
pierce  through. 

Transgredior,  grildi,  gressus  sum, 
dep.  (trans,  gradior).  To  go  or 
pass  over. 

Transigo,  ere,  egi,  actum,  (trans, 
ago).  To  accomplish,  finish,  pass, 
spend. 

Transilio,  ire,  ivi , ii  or  ui,  (trans, 
salio).  To  leap  or  pass  over. 

Transitus,  us,  m.  (transeo).  Passage. 

Trans-marinus,  a,  um.  Transma- 
rine, over  the  sea. 

Trans-no — trano. 

Trans-porto,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To 
carry  or  convey  from  one  place  to 
another,  carry  across,  transport. 

Trasimenus,  i,  m.  Lake  Trasime- 
nus  in  Etruria,  (190). 

Trebia,  ae,  f.  The  river  Trebia  in 
Cisalpine  Gaul,  (190). 

Trecentesimus,  a,  um,  (trecenti).  The 
three  hundredth. 

Trecenti,  ae,  a.  Three  hundred. 

Tredccim,  indecl.  Thirteen. 

Tremo,  ere,  tremui.  To  shake, 
quake,  tremble,  quiver. 

Trepidus,  a,  um.  Alarmed,  in 
terror. 

Tres,  tria.  Three. 

Tribunus,  i,  m.  Tribune. 

Tribuo,  ere,  ui,  utum.  To  bestow, 
impute,  award. 

Tributarius,  a,  um.  Tributary. 

Tributum,  i,  n.  (tribuo).  Tax, 
tribute. 

Tricesimus,  a,  um.  The  thirtieth. 

Triennium,  ii,  n.  The  space  of 
three  years,  three  years. 

Trigeminus  ~ tergeminus. 

Trigesimus — tricesimus. 

Trigirda,  indecl.  Thirty. 


208 


LATIN  READER. 


[Triplex 


Triplex,  icis.  Triple,  threefold. 

Tripudio,  are , avi.  To  leap,  dance. 

Tripus , odis , m.  Tripod. 

Triremis,  is,  f.  (tres,  remus).  Galley 
with  three  banks  of  oars. 

Triremis,  e , adj.  Having  three  banks 
of  oars. 

Tristis,  e.  Sad. 

Triumpho,  are , avi,  atum , (tri- 
umphus).  To  triumph,  have  a 
triumphal  procession. 

Triumphus,  i,  m.  Triumph. 

Troezen,  enis,  f.  (acc.  Troezena ). 
Troezen,  an  ancient  city  of  Argo- 
lis,  (217). 

Troja , ae,  f.  The  city  of  Troy,  (33, 6). 

Trojani,  oinzm,  m.  pi.  (Troja).  The 
Trojans,  (149). 

Troy  anus , a,  um,  (Troja).  Trojan, 
(236). 

Tropacum,  i,  n.  Trophy,  victory. 

Trucido , are,  avi,  atum , (trux,  cae- 
do).  To  slay,  massacre. 

Trux , irucis . Fierce,  stern. 

Tu,  tui.  Thou,  you. 

Tuba,  ae,  f.  Trumpet. 

Tubicen,  mis,  m.  Trumpeter. 

Tueor,  eri,  tuitus  or  tutus  sum,  dep. 
To  look  upon ; preserve,  defend. 

Tullia,  ae,  f.  Tullia,  the  daughter 
of  Servius  Tullius,  and  wife  of 
Tarquinius  Superbus,  (166). 

Tullius,  li,  m.  See  Servius,  (164). 

Tull  us,  i,  m.  See  Hostihus,  (160). 

Turn.  Then;  turn — turn,  not  only 
— but  also ; both — and. 

Tmndtuo,  are,  avi,  cltum,,  (tumultus). 
To  make  a noise  or  tumult. 

Tumultus,  us,  m.  Tumult,  sedition. 

Tumilus,  i,  m.  Tomb,  grave. 

Tune,  adv.  Then ; tunc  temporis, 
then.  396,  2,  4. 


Tunica , ae,  f.  Tunic,  coat,  a gar- 
ment worn  under  the  toga. 

Turba,  ae,  f.  Crowd,  throng,  mul- 
titude. 

Turbo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (turba).  To 
disturb,  throw  into  confusion. 

Turgesco,  ere,  turgui . To  swell,  to 
swell  with  passion. 

Tuvpiter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (turpis, 
base).  Basely,  disgracefully,  in 
disgrace. 

Turris,  is,  f.  Tower. 

Tusculum,  i,  n.  Tusculum,  an  an- 
cient town  in  Latium,  (172). 

Tutor,  Oris,  m.  Tutor,  guardian. 

Tutus,  a,  um.  Safe. 

Tuns,  a,  um,  adj.  pron.  (tu).  Thy, 
thine,  your,  yours. 

Tyrannis,  idis,  f.  (tyrannus).  Ty- 
ranny. 

Tyrannus,  i,  m.  Tyrant,  monarch. 

U 

Tiber,  eris,  n.  Udder,  dug. 

Ubertas,  atis,  f.  Richness,  fertility. 

Ubi,  adv.  Where,  when,  sometimes 
interrog. 

Ubii,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Ubii,  an 
ancient  Germanic  people  dwelling 
on  the  Rhine,  (94). 

Ubinam , adv.  Where,  in  what  part 
of? 

Ubique.  Everywhere. 

TJllus,  a,  um.  Any,  any  one.  149. 

Ulterior,  us  ; superl.  ultimus.  Fur- 
ther, more  remote;  superl.  last. 
166. 

Ullio,  onis,  f.  Revenge. 

Ultra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  acc.  Be- 
yond, more  than. 

Ultro,  adv.  Voluntarily,  of  one’s 
own  accord. 


Vasto] 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


209 


Ululo,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  howl,  to 
cry  aloud,  to  shriek. 

Umbra , ae,  f.  Shade,  shadow. 

Unde,  adv.  Whence,  also  interrog. 
whence  ? 

Undecim , indecl.  Eleven. 

Undequinquaginta , indecl.  Forty- 
nine. 

Undevicesimus,  a,  um.  Nineteenth. 

Undique,  adv.  From  all  quarters 
or  sides. 

Unguentum,  i,  n.  Ointment,  per- 
fume. 

Unguis,  is,  m.  Nail,  claw,  talon. 

Ungida,  ae,  f.  Claw,  talon,  hoof. 

Universus , a,  urn . Whole,  entire  ; 

all  together. 

Unquam,  adv.  At  any  time, 
ever. 

Unus,  a,  um.  One,  alone.  176. 

Unus-quisque,  unaquaeque,  etc. 
(unus,  quisque,  both  parts  de- 
clined). Each,  each  one. 

Urbs,  urbis , f.  City. 

Urgeo,  ere , ursi.  To  urge,  drive ; 
press  upon. 

Usque,  adv.  So  far  as;  usque  ad, 
even  to;  usque  eo,  to  such  an 
extent. 

Usurp o,  are , avi , dtum.  To  usurp, 
assume. 

Usus,  us,  m.  Use,  service ; expe- 
rience ; need. 

Ut  or  uti,  conj.  That,  as ; after 
verbs  of  fearing,  that  not. 

Utcumque  or  utcunque , adv.  How- 
ever, somewhat. 

Uter,  tra,  trum,  adj.  Which  ? which 
of  the  two  ? 149. 

Uierque,  utrdque , utrurnque,  like 
uter.  Both,  each.  149,  4. 

Utllis,  e.  Useful. 


Utilitas,  atis,  f.  (utilis).  Utility,  ser- 
vice, advantage. 

Utor,  uti,  usus  sum.  To  use. 

Utrimque  or  ntrinque,  adv.  On  both 
sides. 

Utrum,  in  double  questions.  Whe- 
ther. 

Uva,  ae,  f.  A bunch  of  grapes,  a 
grape. 

Uxor,  oris,  f.  Wife. 

Y 

Vaco,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  be  empty, 
vacant,  to  have  leisure  for ; be 
free  from. 

Vacuus,  a,  um.  Vacant,  empty, 
free  from. 

Vadum,  i,  n.  Ford,  shallow  water. 

Vagitus,  us,  m.  Crying. 

Vagor,  ari , atus  sum . To  wander 

about. 

Vagus,  a,  um.  Wandering,  doubt- 
ful, uncertain,  vague. 

Valeo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  have 
strength,  avail,  be  well. 

Valerius,  ii,  m.  Valerius,  a Roman 
name.  See  Publicola,  Laevinus , 
(169,  180). 

Valetudo,  mis . f.  (valeo).  Habit, 
state  of  the  body,  health,  state  of 
health. 

Vanus , a,  um.  Empty,  vain,  false. 

Varietas,  atis,  f.  (varius).  Variety, 
change. 

Varius,  a,  um.  Various. 

Varro,  dnis,  m.  Varro,  a Roman 
name.  Caius  Terentius  Varro,  a 
Roman  consul  defeated  at  Can- 
nae, (191). 

Vas,  vasis,  n.  Vessel,  dish,  vase. 

Vasto,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (vastus).  To 
lay  waste,  devastate,  pillage. 


210 


LATIN  READER. 


[Vastus 


Vastus , a,  um . Waste,  desert,  vast. 

Fates,  te,  m.  and  f.  Prophet,  pro- 
phetess. 

Vectigal,  alls,  n.  Tax,  income, 
revenue. 

Velio , vexi,  vectum.  To  carry, 

bear. 

Veientes , ?«m,  or  Veientdni,  drum , m. 
pi.  The  Yeientians,  or  Veien- 
tines,  the  inhabitants  of  Veii  in 
Etruria,  (175). 

Vel,  conj.  Or,  even ; vel — vel, 
either — or. 

Velox,  ocis.  Swift,  rapid,  fleet. 

Vel-ut , or  vel-uti , adv.  As,  like  as, 
as  if. 

Venalis,  e.  To  be  sold,  for  sale, 
purchasable. 

Vendo , ere,  didi , ditum.  To  sell; 
corona  vendere , to  sell  as 
slaves. 

Venenum,  i,  n.  Poison. 

Venio , ir<?,  vem,  ventum . To  come. 

F?ftor,  aW,  ate  sam,  dep.  To 
hunt,  chase,  pursue. 

Venter,  tris,  m.  Belly,  stomach. 

Ventus,  i,  m.  Wind. 

Venus , eris,  f.  Venus,  the  goddess 
of  love,  (28). 

Verbum,  i,  n.  Word. 

Vereor , eri,  veritus  sum , dep.  To 
fear,  to  be  afraid. 

Veritas,  atis,  f.  Truth. 

Vero,  adv.  and  conj.  (verus).  Truly, 
indeed;  but. 

Verres,  is,  m.  Verres,  a Roman 
name.  Cains  Cornelius  Verres 
rendered  himself  notorious  by  his 
abuse  of  power  in  Sicily,  (43). 

Verso,-  are,  dvi,  atum,  or  versor , dep. 
(verto).  To  tur  n ; busy  one’s  self, 
be  occupied  with.  832,  I.  2. 


Versus,  us,  m.  A verse. 

Vertex,  ids,  m.  (verto).  Summit, 
top. 

Verto,  dre,  verti,  versum . To  turn. 

Verum,  conj.  But. 

Verus,  a,  um.  True,  real. 

Vescor,  vesci.  To  enjoy,  feed  upon, 
live  upon,  to  eat. 

Vesper,  eris  or  eri,  m.  Evening. 

Vespera,  ae , f.  Evening. 

Vesper asco,  ere,  vesper dvi,  (vesper). 
To  become  evening. 

Vesta,  ae,  f.  Vesta,  the  goddess  of 
the  hearth,  to  whom  a perpetual 
fire  was  kept  burning,  (152). 

Vestdlis,  e,  adj.  (Vesta).  Vestal,  re- 
lating to  Vesta,  (152). 

Vester,  tra,  trum.  Your. 

Vestibulum , i,  n.  Vestibule,  en- 
trance. 

Vestio,  ire,  ivi,  itum , (vestis).  To 
clothe. 

Vestis , is,  f.  Garment. 

Veter  anus,  a,  um,  (vetus).  Vete- 
ran. 

Veto,  are,  ui,  itum.  To  forbid. 

Veturia,  ae,  f.  Veturia,  the  mother 
of  Coriolanus,  (174). 

Veturius,  ii,  m.  Veturius,  a Roman 
name.  Titus  Veturius,  a Roman 
consul  defeated  by  the  Samnites 
at  the  Caudine  Forks,  (179). 

Vetus,  eris . Old,  of  long  standing, 
ancient. 

Vetustas,  dtis , f.  (vetus).  Antiquity, 
age. 

Vetustus,  a,  um.  Old,  ancient. 

Via,  ae,  f.  Way. 

Viator,  oris,  m.  Traveller. 

Vicesunus,  a,  um.  Twentieth. 

Vicinus , a,  um.  Neighboring. 

Vicis,  gen.  f.  Change,  reverse,  al- 


Yultus] 


LATEN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


211 


temation,  requital ; fate,  fortune ; 
in  vicem  or  vicem,  in  turn,  place. 
133,  1. 

Vicissitude >,  inis,  f.  (vicis).  Change, 
alternation,  vicissitude,  succes- 
sion. 

Victor , oris , m.  (vinco).  Con- 
queror. 

Victoria , ae,  f.  Victory. 

Vidus , a,  um,  part,  (vinco).  Con- 
vuered,  vanquished. 

Vicus,  i,  m.  Village. 

Video , ere , eft,  sum.  To  see  ; pass, 
videor , etc.,  to  be  seen ; to  seem. 

Vigeo,  ere,  ui.  To  flourish,  thrive, 
be  in  force. 

Vigilantia,  ae,  f.  Wakefulness,  vi- 
gilance. 

Viginti , indec.  Twenty. 

Vilis,  e.  Low,  cheap,  base,  vile. 

Vincio,  ire , vinxi , vinctum.  To 
bind. 

Vinco,  ere , vici,  victum.  To  con- 
quer. 

Vinculum  or  vinclum,  i,  n.  Fetter, 
chain. 

Vindex,  ids,  m.  and  f.  Defender. 

Vindico,  are , avi,  atum.  To  claim ; 
rescue,  defend ; punish,  avenge. 

Vinolenlus,  a,  um,  (vinum).  Full  of 
wine,  intoxicated  with  wine. 

Vinum,  i,  n.  Wine. 

Viblo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  violate,  do 
violence  to ; profane,  harm. 

Vir,  viri,  m.  Man,  hero,  husband. 

Virga,  ae,  f.  Rod,  twig. 

Virgo , inis , f.  Virgin,  maiden. 

Vir gul a,  ae,  f.  Small  rod,  rod. 

Virtus , utis , f.  (vir).  Manliness, 
bravery,  virtue. 

Vis,  vis,  f. ; pi.  vires.  Power,  strength, 
force;  forces;  abundance. 


Viscus,  cris,  n.  Vitals,  bowels. 

Viso,  ere,  si,  sum.  To  view,  see, 
visit. 

Vita,  ae,  f.  Life. 

Vitis,  is,  f.  Vine. 

V ilium,  ii,  n.  Fault,  vice,  crime. 

Vitupero,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  cen- 
sure, blame,  find  fault  with. 

Vivo,  ere,  vixi,  victum.  To  live. 

Vivus , a,  um.  Living,  alive. 

Vocabulum , i,  n.  Designation,  name, 
word. 

Vo co,  are,  avi,  atum , (vox).  To 
call,  name. 

Volo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  fly. 

Volo,  velle,  volui,  irreg.  To  will,  be 
willing,  wish,  desire ; sibi  velle,  to 
mean.  293  ; 389,  2. 

Volsci,  Drum,  m.  pi.  The  Volsci  or 
Volscians,  a people  of  Latium, 

(m). 

Voliicer,  cris,  ere,  (volo).  Flying, 
winged  ; swift,  rapid ; subs,  a 
bird. 

Volumnia,  ae,  f.  Volumnia,  the 
wife  of  Coriolanus,  (174). 

Voluntarius , a,  um,  (voluntas).  Vo- 
luntary, willing,  spontaneous. 

Voluntas,  atis,  f.  (volo).  Wish,  in- 
clination, good  will. 

Voluptas,  atis,  f.  Pleasure. 

Voveo,  ere , vovi,  votum.  To  vow, 
dedicate,  consecrate. 

Vox,  vocis,  f.  Voice,  word. 

Vulgus,  i,  n.  . Populace,  common 
people. 

Vulnero,  are,  avi , atum,  (vulnus). 
To  wound. 

Vulnus,  eris,  n.  W ound. 

Vulpes,  is,  f.  Fox. 

Vultus,  us,  m.  Countenance. 


212 


LATIN  READER. 


[X 


X 

Xanthippus , i,  m.  Xanthippus,  a 
Spartan  commander,  who  took 
Regulus  prisoner  in  the  first  Punic 
war,  (186). 

Xerxes , is,  m.  Xerxes,  a celebrated 
Persian  king,  (137,  217). 
Xenophon , ontis , m.  Xenophon,  a 


Greek  historian,  and  the  leader  of 
the  Greeks  in  the  famous  retreat 
of  the  ten  thousand,  (142). 

Z 

Zama,  ae , f.  Zama,  a town  of  Nm 
midia,  in  Africa,  famous  for  the 
victory  of  Scipio  over  Hannibal, 
(196). 


THE  END. 


D.  APPLETON  & CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


SSF  GET  THE  BEST  Ml 


CORNELL’S  GEOGRAPHIES. 


Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City  of  New  York 
Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City  of  Brooklyn 
Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City  of  Albany. 
Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City  of  Troy. 
Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City  of  Rochester. 
Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City  of  Cleveland. 
Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City  of  Baltimore. 
Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City  of  Detroit. 

Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City  of  San  Fran 
cisco. 

Cornell’s  Geographies  are  adopted  for  the  Public  Schools  of  the  State  of  Michi- 
gan. 

Cornell’s  Geographies  are  adopted  for  the  Public  Schools  of  the  State  of  Kansas, 

Cornell’s  Geographies  are  adopted  for  the  Public  Schools  of  the  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Cornell’s  Geographies  are  adopted  for  the  Public  Schools  of  the  State  of  Wis- 
consin. 

Cornell’s  Geographies  are  adopted  for  the  Public  Schools  of  the  State  of  Indiana 

Cornell’s  Geographies  are  adopted  for  the  Public  Schools  of  the  State  of  Ver- 
mont. 

Cornell’s  Geographies  are  adopted  for  the  Public  Schools  of  the  State  of  New 
Hampshire. 

Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  5,000  Schools  in  the  State  of  New  York. 
Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  over  10,000  Schools  in  the  Western  States. 
Cornell’s  Geographies  are  in  general  use  in  New  England. 

Cornell’s  Geographies  are  used  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 

Cornell’s  Geographies  have  truly  become  National  Standards. 

Cornell’s  Geographies  are  Thorough,  Practical,  Systematic,  and  Progressive. 
Cornell’s  Geographies  are  the  best  Printed,  the  best  Bound  and  best  Illustrated 


I 


D APPLETON  <Sc  CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


CORNELL’S  OUTLINE  MAPS. 


Series  of  Outline  Maps. 

By  S.  S.  Cornell,  author  of  “ Cornell’s  Series  of  School  Geographies.* 
13  Maps,  mounted  on  Muslin. 

The  Series  consists  of  the  following  Maps  : 

THE  WORLD.  Size  32  by  52  inches.  Comprising  the  Eastern  and  Western 
Hemispheres,  Diagrams  of  Meridians  and  Parallels,  Tropics  and  Zones,  North- 
ern and  Southern  Hemispheres,  and  Heights  of  the  Principal  Mountains. 

NORTH  AMERICA.  Size,  27  by  32  inches. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  CANADA.  Size,  32  by  52  inches. 

EASTERN  AND  MIDDLE  STATES.  Size,  27  by  32  inches.  With  enlarged 
plans  of  the  Vicinities  of  Boston  and  New  York. 

SOUTHERN  STATES.  Size,  27  by  32  inches. 

WESTERN  STATES.  Size,  27  by  32  inches. 

MEXICO,  CENTRAL  AMERICA,  AND  WEST  INDIES.  Size,  27  by  32  inches. 
With  enlarged  plans  of  the  Isthmus  of  Nicaragua  and  the  Great  Antilles. 

SOUTH  AMERICA.  Size,  27  by  32  inches. 

EUROPE.  Size,  27  by  82  inches. 

BRITISH  ISLANDS.  Size,  27  by  32  inches. 

CENTRAL,  SOUTHERN,  AND  WESTERN  EUROPE.  Size,  27  by  32  inches. 

ASIA.  Size,  27  by  32  inches.  With  enlarged  plans  of  Palestine  and  the  Sandwich 
Islands. 

AERICA.  Size,  27  by  82  inches.  With  enlarged  plans  of  Egypt,  Liberia,  and 
Cape  Colony. 

Each  Map  is  substantially  mounted  on  cloth,  and  the  set  is  neatly  put 
up  in  a portfolio,  and  accompanied  with  a complete  Key  for  the  teacher’s 
use. 

In  their  production  the  most  recent  and  reliable  authority  has  been  care- 
fully consulted ; if  close  attention  and  an  honest  endeavor  will  accomplish 
any  thing,  these  Maps  are  accurate.  They  are  believed  to  be  the  only  Series 
that  includes  separate  Maps  of  the  different  sections  of  the  Union.  By  an 
economical  arrangement  and  judicious  disposition  of  matter,  the  space  has 
been  used  to  the  greatest  possible  advantage.  Every  thing  is  clear  and 
pleasing  to  the  eye.  The  engraving  and  printing  are  bold  and  distinct. 
The  coloring  is  neat  and  durable.  They  are  printed  on  fine  white  paper, 
and  strongly  backed  with  muslin.  The  Key  contains  the  pronunciation  of 
all  names  employed  in  it. 


D.  APPLETON  A CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


QUACKENBOS’S  NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY 

IS  PRONOUNCED  UNQUALIFIEDLY  THE  BEST  TEXT-BOOK  ON 
THE  SUBJECT  BY 


George  L.  Perkins,  ILL.  D.,  author 
of  Perkins1  Mathematical  Series. 

Geo.  A.  Chase,  Pres,  of  BrookviHe 
College,  Ind. 

Rev.  W.  C.  Duncan,  D.D.,  late  Prof, 
in  the  University  of  Louisiana,  N.  0. 

A.  J.  Kickoff,  late  City  Superintendent 
of  Schools,  Cincinnati 

P.  A.  Towns,  General  Principal  of  the 
City  Public  Schools,  Mobile. 

J.  N.  Terwilliger,  A.  M.,  Principal 
of  High  School,  Anderson,  Ind. 

J.  W.  Bulkley,  A.M.,  City  Superin- 
tendent of  Schools,  Brooklyn. 

Rev.  Dr.  Rivers,  President  Wesleyan 
University,  Florence. 

Rev.  R.  P,  Ransom,  A.M.,  President 
Shelbyville  (Tenn.)  University. 

A.  H.  Fitch,  Principal  of  High  School, 
Peoria,  111. 

J.  K.  Kidd,  Principal  of  Academy,  Mt. 
Sterling,  Mo. 

W.  M.  McNeely,  Principal  Chestnut 
Hill  Academy,  Succasunna,  N.  J. 

S.  G.  Love,  Principal  of  Academy,  Ran- 
dolph, N.  Y. 

J.  G.  Ralston,  Principal  of  Oakland 
Female  Institute,  Norristown,  Pa. 

J.  G.  Martin,  Principal  of  High  School, 
Elizabethtown,  Pa. 

S.  S.  Raymond,  Principal  of  Acade- 
my, Lewisburgh,  Ya. 

Prof.  W.  E.  Clifford,  Northern  Indi- 
ana College,  South  Bend. 


C.  W.  Callender,  Pres,  of  Tennessee 

Female  College,  Franklin. 

J.  J.  Brown,  Principal  of  Academy, 
Danville,  N.  Y. 

J.  G.  Kingsbury,  La  Fayette,  Ind. 

J.  W.  De  Ford,  A.M.,  Principal  of 
Roanoke  Collegiate  Institute,  N.  C. 

Prof.  Wm.  Hennin,  Sin.  Md.  College, 
Wisconsin. 

W.  T.  PoweU,  President  of  Soulesbury 
College,  Batesville,  Ark. 

Rev.  N.  W.  Benedict,  Principal  of 
Rochester  (N.  Y.)  Collegiate  Institute. 

J.  J.  Gilbert,  Principal  ot  Academy, 
Royaltoh,  Yt. 

John  McGown,  Prin.  of  High  School, 
Cumberland,  Ya. 

Benj.  Wilcox,  Principal  of  Academy, 
River  Falls,  Wis. 

Jas.  E.  Vose,  Antrim,  N.  H. 

C.  B.  Metcalf,  Princ.  of  High  School, 
Worcester,  Mass. 

Prof.  J.  W.  Stewart,  State  Female 
CoUege,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

L.  R.  Baugher,  Principal  of  Publie 
Schools,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

S.  M.  Etter,  Galva,  111. 

F.  Hendricks,  Principal  of  Unioa 
Seminary,  New  Berlin,  Pa. 

Rev.  A.  M.  Scott,  D.D.,  Pres.  South 

Gibson  College. 

Prof.  Sheldon,  Griswold  College,  Daven- 
port, Iowa. 

J.  B.  Meservey,  Princ.  of  Academy 
[ My6tic  Bridge,  Conn. 


D.  APPLETON  & CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS 


OPINIONS  OF  LEADING  EDUCATORS  ON 

QUACKEHBOS’S  NATUBAL  PHILOSOPHY. 

Rev.  Dr.  Hubbard  Winslow  Author  of  -‘Intellectual  Philosophy,”  pronounce! 
Quackenbos’s  Philosophy  '•'‘unsurpassed  as  a text-uook  for  all  learners  in  this 
interesting  department  of  study.” — P.  A Towne,  General  Principal  of  the  Public 
Schools  of  Mobile,  says:  “We  regard  it  as  far  the  best  text-book  on  the  subject 
now  in  use.” — W.  T.  Powell,  Pres.  Soulesbury  College,  Batesville,  Ark.,  announc- 
ing its  introduction  into  his  institution  and  recommending  its  adoption  as  a text- 
book to  the  teachers  of  Arkansas,  says : “ It  is  clear  and  plain  in  all  its  terms,  and 
may  be  used  with  greater  advantage  among  junior  scholars  than  any  work  hither- 
to adopted.” — Solomon  Sias,  Princ.  of  Bonham  Institute,  pronounces  it  “ much 
superior  to  any  I have  seen  in  clearness  and  adaptation  to  every  grade  of  school.” 
— Dr  Perkins,  Author  of  “ Perkins1  Mathematical  Series,”  declares : “ I have  no 
hesitation  in  saying  that,  in  my  opinion,  it  is  the  best  book  on  this  subject  with 
which  I am  acquainted.” 

S.  H.  Taylor,  Princ.  Phillips  Academy,  Andover,  Mass.,  bears  witness  as  follows: 
“The  author  has  treated  the  subject  with  great  clearness,  and  in  such  a popular 
form  as  to  make  the  study  specially  attractive  and  profitable  to  the  class  of  pupils 
for  whom  it  was  designed.” — Samuel  Schooler,  M.A.,  Princ.  Edge  Hill  School, 
Va.,  declares  himself  “ satisfied  that  it  is  the  best  work  of  the  kind  now  published.” 
— I.  N.  Terwtlliger,  Princ.  Normal  School,  Anderson,  Ind.,  writes:  “ I have  com- 
pared it  with  Yale’s,  Comstock’s,  Olmsted’s,  Parker’s,  and  Wells’.  It  surpasses 
oil  these , and  all  similar  works.'1'1 — S.  N.  Howell,  Princ.  Sing  Sing  (N.  Y.) 
Female  Seminary,  gives  his  opinion  thus : “I  am  free  to  say  that  it  meets  my 
views  better  than  any  Philosophy  I have  ever  used .” — Rev.  Dr.  Duncan,  late 
Professor  in  the  University  of  Louisiana,  New  Orleans,  writes : “I  can  as  candidly 
as  cheerfully  testify  to  its  rare , and  I might  say  unequalled  qualifications  as  a 
text-book.” 

C C.  Nestlerode,  Supt.  Tipton  (Iowa)  Union  School,  says:  “The  Philosophy  meets 
my  hearty  endorsement.  Its  intrinsic  value  will  make  it  popular  without  recom- 
mendation from  any  one.” — Rev.  N.  W.  Benedict,  Princ.  Rochester  (N.  Y.)  Col- 
legiate Institute,  testifies  thus:  “For  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  prepared,  I 
know  of  no  other  work  of  its  size  containing  so  much  excellent  matter  set  forth 
with  such  perspicuity  and  attractiveness.” — J.  J.  Gilbert,  Princ.  Royalton  (Yt.) 
Academy,  declares  his  conviction  that  “ it  is  the  best  text-book  with  which  I am 
acquainted.” 

Dr.  Sunderland,  Pres,  Pennsylvania  Female  College,  writes : “ It  possesses  decided 
merits  as  a text-book — superior  to  most  elementary  works  on  the  subject  that 
have  come  under  our  observation.” — J E.  Horr,  Princ.  High  School,  Brookline, 
Mass.,  says*  “ The  work  seems  singularly  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  a text- 
book in  the  recitation -room.” — Rev.  Geo.  C.  Granberry,  Princ.  Grenada  Female 
Institute,  pionounces  it  “just  the  thing  for  female  seminaries.” 

Rev.  Dr  Krebs,  Pres.  Rutgers  Institute,  New  York  City,  says:  “I  think  it  admirably 
adav  ted  to  its  purpose ; and  I find  it  not  only  valuable  for  the  school,  but  a good 
house  book  also.” — Prof.  Z.  B.  Sturgus,  Charlestown,  Ind.  writes:  “I  am  so  much 
pleased  with  it  that  I shall  put  my  next  class  in  it.  The  books  on  Composition  by 
this  author  have  prepared  me  to  like  any  thing  he  "'rites.” 


D.  APPLETON  & CO.’S  PL  PLICATIONS. 


“ The  Best,  as  they  are  the  Latest.” 


QUACKENBOS’S  GBAMMARS. 


AN  ENGLISH  GRAMMAR : 12mo,  288  pages. 

FIRST  BOOK  IN  ENGLISH  GRAMMAR : 16mo,  120  pages. 


Every  Teacher,  every  School-Committee,  every  Board  of  Education,  is 
Interested  in  using  the  best  text-books.  We  therefore  feel  less  hesitation  in 
calling  attention  to  these  two  Grammars  by  G.  P.  Quackenbos,  which  we 
claim  possess  many  and  decided  advantages  over  other  text-books  on  the 
subject.  Endorsements  from  the  best  teachers  confirm  us  in  this  opinion. 
Read  the  following : — 

From  Geo.  S.  Kellenberger,  Princ.  of  Schools,  Alton , III. 

“ It  certainly  has  all  those  excellences  of  arrangement,  analysis,  perspicuity,  and 
facility  of  comprehension,  which  distinguish  other  works  of  the  author,  and  which 
render  them  not  only  the  very  best  school  text-booxs,  but  also  make  them  invaluable 
In  a higher  position — that  of  authoritative  works  of  reference  to  the  scholar.  I regard 
it  as  the  best  work  on  English  Grammar  yet  published — and  that  by  large  oi>ds.” 

From  Hon.  Anson  Smyth,  late  School  Commissioner  for  Ohio. 

“ For  several  weeks  Quackenbos’s  English  Grammar  has  lain  upon  my  table.  I have 
repeatedly  taken  it  up  and  examined  test  points ; and  I have  reached  the  conclusion 
that  no  better  work  of  the  kind,  has  come  under  my  notice.  In  plan  and  execution  it 
meets  my  hearty  approval,  and  I cordially  recommend  it  to  all  who  are  engaged  in 
teaching.” 

From  Eev.  E.  J.  Young,  Supt.  of  Schools,  Allentown,  Pa. 

“It  is  just  the  book  we  want.  There  are  many  things  in  it  to  rejoice  every  live 
teacher.  I shall  make  it  my  vade  vecum,  and  use  it  as  a text-book  in  the  examination 
of  teachers.” 

From  Rev.  Henry  Brann,  B.D.,  Pres.  Seton  Hall  College,  S.  Orange,  N.  J. 

“ I think  it  is  an  excellent  book ; not  too  large  for  an  elementary  work,  yet  suffi- 
ciently diffused  for  even  advanced  students.  The  clearness  of  its  explanations  strikes 
me;  and  the  exercises  on  False  Syntax  are  better  arranged  and  more  instructive 
than  those  of  any  other  Grammars  that  have  fallen  under  my  observation .” 

From  Miss  E.  C.  Bangs,  Princ.  Elderage  Schools,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

“ Having  carefully  examined  Quackenbos’s  English  Grammai,  I am  much  pleased 
with  it,  especially  with  its  practical  character.  I think  it  will  render  this  dry  and 
difficult  study  more  intelligible  to  the  pupil,  and  also  greatly  lessen  the  labor  of  the 
teacher,  who,  m most  text-books  now  in  use,  is  obliged  to  elucidate  and  illustrate  to  a 
wearisome  degree.” 

Confident  that  a thorough  examination  of  these  Grammars  will  show  that 
they  present  a lucid,  simple,  practical,  consistent,  and  philosophical  system, 
in  a form  admirably  adapted  for  use  in  the  scnool-room,  the  Publishers  will 
mil,  post-paid,  a specimen  copy  for  examination  on  receipt  of  One-half  the 
rctai'  price.  All  teachers,  particularly  ^uch  as  are  dissatisfied  with  the  work 
the}  are  now  using,  are  solicited  to  avail  themselves  of  this  opportunity. 


D.  APPLETON  & CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


Quackenbos’s  Text-Books  on  Englisk  Com- 
position. 

FIRST  LESSONS  IN  COMPOSITION.  12mo,  182.  pages. 
ADVANCED  COURSE  OF  COMPOSITION  AND  RHETORIC.  12mo 
450  pages. 

ENDORSEMENTS  FROM  PRACTICAL  EDUCATORS. 


Bev,  Allen  M.  Scott,  D.  B.,  Pres. 
South  Gibson  College,  endorses  both 
works  thus  : “ I must  pronounce  them 
vastly  superior  to  any  thing  of  the 
kind  1 hare  ever  seen .” — C.  B.  Til- 
lingTiast,  Princ.  Moosup  (Conn.) 
Academy : “ 1 think  them  the  nearest 
perfection  of  any  that  I have  examined.” 
— C.  S.  Hallo  well,  Princ.  High 
School,  Alexandria,  Va. : “We  have  for 
some  years  been  using  the  sins, 11  work 
on  Composition  by  Quackenbos,  and 
have  recently  introduced  his  United 
States  History  and  Rhetoric,  with  both 
of  which  we  are  well  pleased.” 

J.  E.  Lovell,  the  well-known  author 
of  the  “ Readers ” : “I  have  for  a long 
time  been  using  your  First  Lessors  in 
my  school,  and  like  the  work  very 
much.”— B.  S.  James,  Princ.  of  High 
School,  Morristown,  O. : “ 1 know  oj  xxo 
work  equal  to  it  for  simplicity  of 
arrangement,  correctness  of  definition, 
and  adaptation  to  the  wants  of  schools.” 
— J.  E.  Guitner,  Pres.  Otterbein, 
University,  O. : “I  am  greatly  pleased 
with  the  work,  and  think  it  peculiarly 
adapted  to  the  purpose  intended.” 

Solomon  Jenner,  one  of  the  oldest 
teachers  in  New  York:  “Wishing  to 
give  the  work  (First  Lessons)  ths  best 
recommendation  in  my  power,  I will 
just  say  that  I have  introduced  it  into 
my  school.”— M.  C.  Tracy,  late 
Principal  of  Mechanics’'  Institute  School, 
N.  Y. : “It  is,  vithout  question,  the 
best  treatise  that  has  appeared  on  the 
cubivct” 


A.  G.  Harrington,  Princ.  of  Union 
School,  Canastota,  N.  Y. : “I  consider 
Quackenbos’s  ‘First  Lessons  in  Compo- 
sition’ admirably  adapted  to  supply  a 
want  long  felt  in  this  branch  of  educa- 
tion.”— H.  H.  Merrill,  A.M.,  Princ. 
of  Goodlettsville  (Tenn.)  High  School, 
pronounces  it  “a  superior  book  for 
teaching  the  leading  principles  of  Eng- 
lish Grammar.  It  is  with  me  an  inais- 
pensable  text-book .” 

W.  H.  Stultz,  Princ.  Female  High 
School,  Easton,  Pa. : “ Having  used  this 
book  (the  Rhetoric)  for  the  past  three 
years,  I think  I ought  to  be  able  to 
speak  understandingly  of  its  merits; 
and  I take  pleasure  in  saying  that  1 
know  of  no  book  on  this  subject  so  well 
suited  to  the  wants  of  our  Common 
Schools.  It  is  able  and  philosophica. 
throughout.” — Tlios.  Lucy,  Princ.  o. 
Academy,  Cooksville,  Md. : “ It  is  rp 
excellent  book,  delightfully  written — 
just  the  thing  for  ad  vanced  students.” 

Cl,  E.  Brame,  Princ.  Greensboro  (Ala.) 
Female  Academy : “ The  Rhetoric  an  1 
Composition  cannot  be  too  highly  com- 
mended. It  is  regarded  by  all  my  teach- 
31  s as  better  suited  to  the  wants  of  a 
fem  de  school  than  any  other  work  yet 
published.”— A.  A.  Keen,  A.  M., 
Princ.  of  Pomeroy  Academy : ‘ I have 
no  hesitation  in  saying  that  it  .8  Tira 
nook  for  colleges  and  academies.” 

M,  M.  A M.,  Princ.  of 

j Clarence  Olas-'icai  Sehovl  declares  it  t-a 
I be  “preferable  ic  work 

I now  before  the  p%Jbuc'%' 


D APPLETON  & CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


A Natural  Philosophy  : 

Embracing  the  most  Recent  Discoveries  in  the  various  Branches  of 
Physics,  and  Exhibiting  the  Application  of  Scientific  Principles  in 
Every-day  Life.  Accompanied  with  full  descriptions  of  Experiments, 
Practical  Exercises,  and  numerous  Illustrations.  By  G.  P.  QUACK- 
ENBOS,  A.M.  12mo,  450  pages. 

This  book,  which  is  illustrated  in  the  most  liberal  manner,  ie 
equally  adapted  for  use  with  or  without  apparatus.  It  is  distin- 
guished— 

1.  For  its  remarkable  clearness. 

2.  For  its  fulness  of  illustration. 

8.  For  its  original  method  of  dealing  with  difficulties. 

4.  For  its  correction  of  numerous  errors  heretofore  unfortunately  stereotyped  In 
School  Philosophies. 

5.  For  its  explanation  of  scientific  principles  as  exhibited  in  every-day  life. 

6.  For  the  practical  a ^plication  of  these  principles  in  questions  presented  for  the 
pupil’s  solution. 

7.  For  a signal  perspi  mity  of  arrangement.  One  thing  being  presented  at  a time, 
and  every  thing  in  its  proper  place,  the  whole  is  impressed  without  difficulty  on  the 
mind. 

8.  For  the  interest  wHh  which  it  invests  the  subject.  From  the  outset,  the  student 
is  fascinated  and  filled  with  a desire  to  fathom  the  wonders  of  the  material  world. 

9.  For  the  embouiment  of  all  recent  discoveries  in  the  various  departments  of 
Philosophy.  Instead  of  relying  on  the  obsolete  authorities  that  have  furnished  the 
matter  for  many  of  oar  popular  School  Philosophies,  the  author  has  made  it  his  busi- 
ness to  acquaint  himself  with  the  present  state  of  science,  and  thus  produced  such  & 
work  as  is  demanded  by  the  progressive  spirit  of  the  age. 

Those  who  use  this  work  commend  it  in  the  strongest  terms. 

“ Whether  we  regard  matter  or  style,  the  selection  of  topics  or  tne  mode  of  develop- 
ing the  subject,  clearness  of  illustration  or  practical  treatment,  accuracy,  freshness, 
Interest,  or  general  availability  in  the  recitation -room,  it  stands  without  an  equal" — 
J.  W.  Bulkley,  AM.,  City  Supt.  of  Schools,  Brooklyn. 

“ I find  that  the  author  has  maintained  his  excellent  reputation  as  an  editor  of 
school  books.  The  style  is  clear  and  precise,  yet  simple  and  attractive.  Thefhmili- 
arity  of  the  illustrations  constitutes  a peculiar  feature  of  the  book.  Altogether,  I 
believe  that  it  has  no  equal  for  the  great  mass  of  pupils  in  our  common  schools  and 
academies.” — A J.  Kickoff,  late  Supt  of  Schools,  Cincinnati. 

“ We  are  using  your  Natural  Philosophy  in  our  School,  and  we  find  it  superior  to 
any  work  we  hare  ever  used.  We  have  a class  of  forty  young  ladies,  and  we  find  it  $ 
pleasure  to  teach  them  with  the  aid  of  your  admirable  book.” — Prof.  J.  W.  Stewart, 
State  Female  College,  Memphis,  Tecvn. 

“ It  is  just  my  ideal  of  a school-book.  Mr.  Q.  has  not  only  left  out  all  the  irrele- 
vant matter  and  false  philosophy  which  abound  in  most  of  the  popular  school-books  on 
this  subject,  but  he  has  clearly  stated  in  the  most  systematic  and  natural  manner  every 
important  principle,  and  given  the  subject  a much  fuller  development  than  has  ever 
been  done  before  in  any  work  of  like  grade.  The  book  bears  the  impress  of  tho  pro 
found  philosopher  and  the  apt  teacher.”— J.  G.  Webster,  Frinc.  qf  Academy,  Shelby ■ 
ville,  and. 


I).  APPLETON  <t  CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


Quackenbos’s  Text-Books  on  the  English 
Language. 


“The  singular  excellence  of  all  Quackenbos’s  scloci-books  is  well-known  to  tbs 
educational  community.  They  are  generally  admitted  to  be  the  best  manuals  on  ths 
subjects  of  which  they  respectively  treat.” — J.  W.  BULKLEY,  City  Swpt.  of  Schools, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


FIRST  BOOK  IN  ENGLISH  GRA.MAR : 12rao,  120  pages. 

AN  ENGLISH  GEAM1AR : 12mo,  288  pages. 

FIRST  LESSONS  IN  COMPOSITION : 12mo,  1S2  pages. 
ADVANCED  COURSE  OF  COMPOSITION  AND  RHETORIC  s 

12mo,  450  pages. 


Covering  the  whole  field,  these  books  afford  an  insight  into  the  structure 
oi  the  English  language  that  can  be  obtained  from  no  other  source.  The 
Grammars,  by  an  original  system  peculiarly  clear  and  simple,  teach  the 
Analysis  of  our  tongue  both  verbal  and  logical.  The  works  on  Composition 
are  equally  thorough  guides  to  its  Synthesis,  embodying  in  a condensed  form 
the  substance  of  Blair,  Karnes,  Alison,  Burke,  Campbell,  and  other  standards, 
the  whole  illustrated  with  practical  exercises  in  great  variety. 

The  pupil  thoroughly  instructed  in  these  books  cannot  fail  to  learn  how 
to  express  himself  with  propriety  and  elegance.  They  work  like  a charm  in 
the  school-room  ; where  one  is  introduced,  the  others  soon  follow. 


C,  J.  Buckingham,  Pres.  Board  of 
Education,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  6ays: 
“lam  very  much  pleased  with  the  gene- 
ral plan  as  well  as  with  the  particular 
arrangement  of  the  Grammar.  It  is  very 
concise,  and  yet  very  comprehensive; 
omitting  nothing  that  is  essential,  nor 
containing  any  thing  superfluous.  The 
definitions  are  very  exact  and  easily 
understood.  Parsing  is  rendered  an 
easy  and  pleasant  task,  if  task  it  can  be 
longer  called.  Punctuation  is  made  very 
plain  and  intelligible.  I think  this  trea- 
tise is  destined  to  become  a great  favor- 
ite in  our  public  schools,  used  either  in 
connection  with  Quackenbos's  Lessons 
in  Cot?  lposition  or  without  them.  The 
Series  appears  to  cover  the  entire 
field.” 


B.  F.  Morrison,  Princ.  High  School, 
Weston,  Mass.,  writes : “Having  for  seve- 
ral years  past  used  the  author’s  Rhetoric, 
I was  prepared  to  find  a good  Grammar. 
The  examination  did  not  disappoint  me. 
It  is  characterized,  like  the  former  work, 
by  admirable  method  and  great  clear- 
ness and  precision  of  statement,” 

Rev.  L.  W.  Hart,  Rector  of  College 
Grammar  School,  Brooklyn:  “Your 
new  Grammar  has  been  very  closely 
examined  in  regard  to  the  plan  and 
general  execution  of  the  work,  and  is 
perfectly  marked  by  the  same  excel- 
lences which  have  made  your  ‘First 
Lessons  and  your  ‘Advanced  Course’ 
my  favorite  text-books  for  some  years. 
It  will  go  into  use,  like  them,  as  my 
text-book  in  English  Grammar.” 


D.  APPLETON  & CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


Advanced  Course  of  Composition  and 
Rhetoric 

A Series  of  Practical  Lessons  on  the  Origin,  History,  and  Peculiarities 
of  the  English  Language,  Punctuation,  Taste,  the  Pleasures  of  the 
Imagination,  Figures,  Style  and  its  essential  Properties,  Criticism, 
and  the  various  Departments  of  Prose  and  Poetical  Composition, 
Illustrated  with  Copious  Exercises.  By  G.  P.  QUACKENBOS,  A.M. 
12mo,  450  pages. 

This  work  is  an  eminently  clear  and  practical  text-book,  and  embraces 
a variety  of  important  subjects,  which  have  a common  connection  and 
mutually  illustrate  each  other;  but  which  the  pupil  has  heretofore  been 
obliged  to  leave  unlearned,  or  to  search  for  among  a number  of  different 
volumes.  Claiming  to  give  a comprehensive  and  practical  view  of  our  lan- 
guage in  all  its  relations,  this  “Advanced  Course”  views  it  as  a whole,  no 
less  than  with  reference  to  the  individual  words  composing  it ; shows  how  it 
compares  with  other  tongues ; points  out  its  beauties ; indicates  how  they 
may  best  be  made  available ; and,  in  a word,  teaches  the  student  the  most 
philosophical  method  of  digesting  his  thoughts,  as  well  as  the  most  effective 
mode  of  expressing  them. 

It  teaches  Rhetoric  not  merely  theoretically,  like  the  old  text-boons,  but 
practically , illustrating  every  point  with  Exercises  to  be  prepared  by  the 
student,  which  at  once  test  his  familiarity  with  the  principles  laid  down, 
and  impress' them  on  his  mind  so  vividly  that  they  can  never  be  effaced. 

Hon.  A.  Constantine  Barry,  State  Superintendent  of  the  Common 
Schools  of  Wisconsin,  in  a Report  to  the  Legislature  of  that  State,  uses  the 
following  strong  language  in  relation  to  Quackenbos’s  works  on  Composition : 

44  It  would  be  difficult  to  point  out  in  these  admirable  books  any  thing  that  we  would 
desire  to  have  altered ; they  meet  our  wants  in  every  respect,  making  no  unreasonable 
draft  on  the  time  or  patience  of  the  teacher,  and  leaving  him  no  excuse  for  neglecting 
to  make  composition  a regular  study,  even  with  his  younger  classes.  It  is  unnecessary 
to  compare  these  books  with  others  on  the  subject,  for  there  are  none  that  approach 
them  in  clearness,  comprehensiveness,  excellence  of  arrangement,  and  above  all,  in 
direct  practical  bearing.  Affording  an  insight  into  the  mechanism  of  language,  they 
will  hardly  fail  to  impart  facility  and  grace  of  expression,  and  to  inspire  a love  for  the 
beauties  of  literature.” 

From  Prop  Tohn  N.  Pratt,  of  the  University  oj  Alabama. 

44 1 have  been  using  Quaoxenbos on  Composition  and  Rhetoric  in  the  instruction 
cf  my  classes  in  the  University,  and  I am  persuaded  of  its  great  excellence.  The 
First  Lessons  in  Composition,’  by  the  same  author,  I regard  as  very  useful  for  be- 
gixmetA  Of  these  two  books,  1 can  speak  with  the  greatest  confidence,  and  1 do  most 
EBA1.T1LV  RSUViMMEND  THEM  tu  aifi” 


D.  APPLETON  & CO: 8 PUBLICATIONS 


First  Book  in  English  Grammar. 

By  G.  P.  QUACKENBOS,  A.M.  12mo,  120  pages 

Tills  work  is  intended  to  meet  the  wants  of  young  beginners,  or  those 
who  need  only  a brief  summary  of  the  subject.  To  awaken  their  interest,  to 
teach  them  jo  think,  to  enable  them  to  understand  as  they  learn,  to  lead 
them  from  step  to  step  in  the  most  natural  way,  and  to  give  a direct  practi- 
cal application  to  every  abstract  principle,  have  been  the  leading  objects  of 
the  author.  The  system  embodied  is  the  same  (in  a simplified  form)  as  that 
which  has  been  so  generally  commended  in  the  author’s  larger  work. 

The  hearty  welcome  with  which  this  little  book  has  been  greeted  on  all 
sides  is  no  doubt  due  in  a great  measure  to  the  interest  which  the  author 
has  managed  to  throw  around  the  subject.  The  easy  yet  thorough  Exercises 
introduced  to  illustrate  and  impress  every  principle,  are  performed  with 
avidity  by  the  pupil,  and  teach  him  that  Grammar  is  not  a dry  abstraction, 
but  a living:  reality  which  he  can  comprehend  and  apply.  With  the  judicious 
use  of  sue  A a text-book  mere  rote-learning  must  vanish,  and  what  was  once 
one  of  the  most  difficult  roads  up  the  hill  of  knowledge,  is  cleared  of  it?, 
obstacles  and  made  easy  and  attractive. 

With  respect  to  the  system  of  Grammar  p ’esented  in  this  and  the  larger 
work  by  the  same  author,  its  superior  simpL  city  and  excellence  are  now 
admitted  by  our  best  teachers.  Endorsements  of  the  strongest  descrip 
tion,  in  substance  like  the  following  have  been  received  almost  without 
number : 

From  W.  E.  Pijgh,  Princ.  Union  Schools,  Few  Philadelphia,  Ohio. 

“ I have  nowhere  seen  such  a rational , such  an  accurately  critical , and  such  an 
eminently  simple  presentation  of  the  subject  of  Grammar.  The  teacher  who  will 
tbllow  the  course  foreshadowed  by  the  author,  cannot  avoid  making  his  classes 
thoroughly  acquainted,  not  only  with  the  outlines,  but  even  with  the  minutest  details 
of  the  science.” 

From  J.  A.  Nichols,  Princ.  of  High  School , Mount  Vernon , K V 

“ I have  recently  •xamined  a half  dozen  different  Grammars  with  the  intention  of 
adopting  the  best  as  a text-book.  It  now  gives  me  pleasure,  after  careful  examination, 
to  express  the  opinion  that  Quackenbos’s  is  superior  in  nearly  every  respect;  and 
that  every  intelligent  teacher  not  indissolubly  wedded  to  the  ancient  Lindley  Murray 
style  and  arrangement,  will  accept  it  as  a national  Grammar  of  the  English  lan 
guatre,” 


I).  APPLETON  & CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


Quackenbos’s  English  Grammar. 

12 mo,  288  pagres. 

Brief  and  clear  in  definition,  happy  in  illustration,  full  and  ingenious  a 
its  explanations,  simple  yet  comprehensive,  it  is  believed  that  this  New 
Grammar  will  meet  every  reasonable  want.  Great  care  has  been  taken  to 
adapt  it  to  the  school-room.  The  matter  is  divided  into  lessons,  followed 
in  every  case  by  an  Exercise  which  applies  in  a great  variety  of  ways  the 
principles  laid  down.  To  perform  these  Exercises,  the  pupil  must  under- 
hand what  he  learns.  There  is  no  possibility  here  of  mere  surface-learning 

This  work  is  not  a stereotyped  reproduction  of  the  old  Grammars ; the 
author  has  innovated  sufficiently  to  produce  a philosophical  system,  never 
changing  for  the  sake  of  change,  but  never  hesitating  to  innovate  where  it 
was  essential  to  consistency  or  simplicity.  He  has  classified  words  as  parts 
of  speech  solely  according  to  their  use  in  the  sentence,  thus  doing  away 
with  all  arbitrary  distinctions , and  greatly  facilitating  the  pupil’s  labors. 
There  is  no  avoiding  of  difficulties.  Puzzling  constructions  are  fully  explained. 

In  the  matter  of  systematic  parsing  and  the  analysis  of  sentences,  this 
work  strikes  a happy  medium,  giving  to  each  its  proper  share  of  attention. 
Its  system  of  analysis  is  peculiarly  simple  and  natural,  easily  understood, 
unencumbered  with  technical  terms,  and  requiring  no  charts , diagrams , or 
elaborate  preparation  on  the  teacher’s  part,  to  make  it  available. 

The  department  of  False  Syntax  is  thought  to  be  unrivalled  in  complete* 
ness  and  practical  bearing.  Nothing  is  left  to  be  supplied  by  oral  instruc- 
tion, to  the  great  discomfort  of  the  teacher.  Indeed,  this  saving  of  labor  to 
the  teacher  is  a prominent  feature  of  the  work,  and  has  been  specially 
noticed  by  critics. 

The  Philadelphia  North  American,  in  a cordial  endorsement  of  the 
Grammar,  says : M Those  who  are  familiar  with  the  difficulties  attending  the 
imparting  a knowledge  of  English  Grammar  to  the  youthful  mind,  should 
hail  with  delight  a book  which  will  certainly  relieve  them  of  at  least  half 
their  trouble , and  make  the  remainder  light.” 

Few  books  have  been  so  cordially  received  and  strongly  endorsed  as  ibis 
new  Grammar.  Teachers  are  solicited  to  examine  it  for  themselves. 


D.  APPLETON  & CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


A ii  English  Grammar : 

By  G.  P.  QUACKENBOS,  A.  M.  12mo,  288  pages. 


Clear,  well  condensed,  and  consistent  throughout ; brief  in  its  rules  and 
definitions ; happy  in  its  illustrations  and  exercises ; practical  in  its  appli- 
cation of  principles ; philosophical  and  inductive  in  its  arrangement ; original 
in  its  views ; bold  in  its  reforms ; simple  enough  for  the  young,  sufficiently 
comprehensive  for  the  more  advanced ; interesting  to  the  pupil,  labor-saving 
to  the  teacher ; admirable  in  its  system  of  parsing  and  analysis ; full  and 
ingenious  in  its  explanation  of  perplexing  constructions ; makes  the  learning 
of  Grammar  easy,  makes  the  teaching  of  Grammar  a positive  pleasure.  The 
best  as  it  is  the  latest  text-book  on  this  important  subject. 

Such  is  the  verdict  pronounced  on  Quackenbos’s  English  Grammar  by 
our  best  educators.  No  progressive  teacher  can  afford  to  use  any  other. 


Bev.  N.  Summerwell,  Pres.  Union 
Christian  Coll.,  Merom,  Ind. : 44  Quack- 
enbos’s  new  Grammar  is  an  improve- 
ment in  the  art  of  teaching , rendering 
the  study  natural  and  easy.  We  shall 
introduce  it.” 

J.  Xj,  Hammett,  Supt.  of  Schools,  Au- 
burn, Me.  :“We  are  using  Quackenbos’s 
Grammar,  and  like  it  so  well  that  we 
recommend  it  to  other  towns.” 

J.  E.  Gruitner,  Pres.  Otterbein  Univ., 
Ohio : 44  Its  arrangement  is  excellent,  its 
illustrations  pertinent,  and  its  explana- 
tions of  difficult  constructions  ingenious. 
Its  new  and  original  features  commend 
themselves  at  once  to  every  gramma- 
rian.” 

W.  S.  Fortescue,  A.M.,  Principal 
Germantown  (Pa.)  Female  Seminary: 
41 1 find  it,  like  all  the  text-books  that 
have  emanated  from  the  pen  of  that 
practical  educator,  a book  of  decided 
merit , and  shall  therefore  introduce  it 
duriu*  the  com*  nit  month.” 


W.  M.  McKee,  Supt.  of  Schools,  Chilli- 
cothe,  Ohio : 44  Quackenbos’s  English 
Grammar  ranks  with  the  very  best 
works  on  the  subject  that  I have  seen. 
It  is,  in  my  opinion,  in  many  respects 
excellent.” 

H.  A.  Monfort,  Princ.  Laurel  Bank 
Seminary,  Deposit,  N.  Y. : 44  It  pleases 
me  so  well  that  I want  to  introduce  it 
immediately.” 

Aaron  Sheeley,  Supt.  of  Common 
Schools,  Gettysburg,  Pa. : 44  The  book 
supplies  a great  desideratum  in  our 
schools.  I cannot  sufficiently  thank  the 
author  for  writing,  and  you  for  publish- 
ing, so  excellent  a Grammar.” 

J.  Li.  Marshall,  Rector  Henry  Street 
Grammar  School,  N.  Y. : 44We  should 
have  looked  for  an  excellent  Grammar 
from  the  well-known  author  of  the  R het- 
oric,  and  we  are  not  mistaken.  The  study 
is  at  last  brought  within  the  grasp  of 
ordinary  minds,  and  made  at  least  no» 
repulsive  to  ordinary  tastes.” 


D.  APPLETON  & CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


Quackenbos’s  Illustrated  School  History  of 
the  United  States. 

12mo,  473  pages. 

The  great  advantage  claimed  for  this  work  over  others  of  the  same  class, 
Ss  the  interest  with  which  the  subject  is  invested.  The  student  turns  to  his 
history  lesson  in  this  volume  as  a recreation  rather  than  a task.  The  style, 
clear  and  simple,  yet  dignified,  forcible,  and  often  eloquent,  inspires  the 
learner  with  a love  of  the  subject,  and  a taste  for  historical  reading  in 
general. 

Quackenbos’s  History  is  very  widely  used,  and  gives  general  satisfaction. 
It  has  recently  been  adopted  by  the  State  of  California,  the  cities  of  Balti- 
more, Cleveland,  Lexington  (Ky.),  New  Orleans,  and  multitudes  of  minor 
places,  for  their  Common  Schools.  Many  strong  recommendations  of  the 
work  have  been  received,  of  which  the  following  from  Prof.  W.  E.  Clifford, 
of  Northern  Indiana  College,  will  serve  as  a specimen : 44 1 do  not  know,” 
he  says,  44  when  I have  seen  a school-book  that  has  pleased  me  as  heartily 
as  does  this.  The  study  is  generally  a bore  to  students,  on  account  of  the 
dry  condensed  itemising  employed  by  compilers.  Mr.  Q.  selects  the  promi- 
nent points,  and  weaves  them  into  an  easy  narrative  that  attracts  the  young 
mind  with  much  of  the  charm  of  a fairy  tale  or  of  Robinson  Crusoe ; yet  in 
no  instance  does  he  violate  historical  truth  to  add  zest  to  the  story.  Prof. 
Q.  is  the  best  author  of  school-books  that  I know” 

From  W.  H.  Stttltz,  Princ.  Female  High  School , Easton , Pa. 
“Regarding  this  as  the  best  and  most  interesting  manual  of  United  States  History 
we  have  ever  had,  we  use  it  in  our  school.  Its  beautiful  mechanical  execution,  its 
numerous  and  excellent  maps  and  illustrations,  and  its  scholarlike  character  altogether, 
give  it  a decided  precedence,  I think,  over  any  similar  work  now  before  the  public.” 

From  Wm.  O.  Rogers,  Supt.  of  Schools,  Hew  Orleans. 
w Our  teachers,  very  generally,  bear  testimony  to  the  many  excellent  qualities  of 
Quackenbos’s  History  of  the  United  States,  as  a text-book  for  public  schools.” 

From  Superintendents  of  Orange  County,  Vermont. 

PesoVced : “ That  we  recommend  it  as  better  calculated  to  create  and  promote  an 
Interest  in  the  important  study  cf  history  than  any  other  History  of  the  United  States 
with  which  we  are  acquainted.1’ 

From  J.  Q.  Foot,  County  Supt.  of  Schools,  Pock  County,  Wis. 

“I  can  cheerfully  recommend  Quackenbos’s  Histories,  as  in  my  opinion  the  best  In 
nse  They  are  written  in  superior  style,  clear,  concise,  and  attractive.  The  Primary 
has  all  the  interest  of  a well  written  story.” 


1).  APPLETON  & CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


Appletons’  Arithmetical  Series : 

By  G.  P.  QUACKENBOS,  A.M.  Upon  the  basis  of  the  works  of 
George  R.  Perkins,  LL.IX 

This  New  Series  of  Arithmetics  will  be  as  perfect  in  all  respects  as  care, 
thought,  and  labor  can  make  it.  All  the  extended  experience  of  the  author, 
and  his  peculiar  faculty  of  imparting  instruction  to  the  young,  aided  by 
suggestions  from  our  best  teachers,  will  be  brought  to  bear,  to  produce  a 
clear,  comprehensive,  philosophical,  and  practical  system. 

The  books  of  this  Series  will  be  found  perfectly  graded,  the  definitions 
simple,  the  rules  brief  and  clear,  the  analyses  unencumbered  with  verbiage, 
the  arrangement  the  most  natural,  the  methods  the  shortest  possible.  The 
difficulties  of  beginners,  being  fully  appreciated,  are  so  met  as  to  save  the 
teacher  the  annoyance  of  constant  demands  for  explanation.  Every  device 
is  employed  to  prevent  mere  mechanical  operations,  to  keep  the  pupil’s  mind 
on  the  alert,  to  quicken  his  ingenuity,  to  cultivate  his  reasoning  powers,  and 
to  stimulate  original  thought.  The  Arithmetic  lesson  is  thus  made  an  in- 
valuable mental  discipline. 


The  Series  will  consist  of  the  following  Books : 

Now  Ready : 

X.  A PRIMARY  ARITHMETIC. -—Beautifully  Illustrated;  carries  the 
beginner  through  the  first  four  Rules  and  the  simple  Tables ; contains  easy  Examples 
for  the  Slate,  as  well  as  Mental  Exercises.  16mo,  108  pages. 

II.  AN  ELEMENTARY  ARITHMETIC. -Reviews  the  subjects  of  the 
Primary  in  a style  suited  to  somewhat  older  pupils ; also  embraces  Fractions,  Federal 
Money,  Reduction,  and  the  Compound  Rules.  Contains  a large  collection  of  Examples. 
12mo,  144  pages. 

III.  A PRACTICAL  ARITHMETIC.— Teaches  reason  as  well  as  rules. 
Eminently  practical ; gives  special  prominence  to  those  operations  that  are  most  needed 
In  the  business  of  life.  Prepared  with  direct  reference  to  the  wants  of  Common 
Schools.  12mo,  800  pages. 

In  Preparation, , and  will  soon  appear : 

IV.  A HIGHER  ARITHMETIC.— Embraces  all  that  is  required  for  a 
complete  mastery  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  Arithmetic.  Particularly  full  on  all  the 
branches  of  Commercial  Arithmetic. 

V.  A MENTAL  ARITHMETIC.— For  imparting  readiness  in  mental  cal* 
•nlations.  Introduces  many  new  and  beautiful  processes. 

Teachers  that  want  the  best  books  should  examine  the  above. 


2).  APPLETON  <k  CO:S  PUBLICATIONS. 


QUACKENBOS’S  ENGLISH  GRAMMAR 


IS  PRONOUNCED  UNQUALIFIEDLY  THE  BEST  TEXT-BOOK  ON 
THE  SUBJECT,  BY 


Erastus  Everett,  late  President  of 
College  of  New  Orleans. 

P.  H.  Hutchinson,  Superintendent 
of  Schools,  W eston,  V t. 

Prof.  Clifford,  Northern  Indiana  Col- 
lege, North  Bend. 

Thos.  Wilson,  Principal  of  Academy, 
McVeytown,  Pa. 

H.  A.  Dearborn,  A.M.,  Principal  of 

Clinton  Liberal  Institute,  N.  Y. 

Geo.  O.  Hopkins,  Princ.  of  Academy, 
S.  Woodstock,  Conn. 

W.  R.  Ptig-h,  Princ.  Union  Schools, 
New  Philadelphia,  Ohio. 

Rev.  Jas.  Gilmour,  Princ.  of  Acade- 
my, Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 


Geo.  S.  KeUenbergrer,  Princ.  Com 

mon  Schools,  Alton,  111. 

T.  Kessler,  Principal  of  High  School, 
Allentown,  Pa. 

J.  G.  Laird,  School  Examiner  for  La 
Porte  County,  Ind. 

J.  A.  Nichols,  Princ.  of  High  School, 
Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

Rev.  G.  R.  Moore,  Pres.  Female  Col- 
lege, Lyons,  Iowa.  ^ 

J.  H.  Dudley,  Principal  of  Academy 
Colebrook,  N.  H. 

W\  A.  Greene,  Princ.  Monroe  Presbv- 
terial  Academy,  Ohio. 

S.  T.  Frost,  Hudson  River  Institute, 
Claverack,  N.  Y. 


The  State  of  California  and  the  City  of  Chicago,  among  other  important 
places,  have  adopted  Quackenbos’s  Grammar  for  their  Common  Schools. 
Many  eminent  private  teachers  have  introduced  it,  and  inform  us  that  it 
works  like  a charm  in  the  school-room,  exceeding  their  most  sanguine  an- 
ticipations. The  following  extract  from  a letter  recently  received  from  that 
veteran  teacher,  Thomas  Lucy,  of  Cooksville,  Md.,  will  show  in  what  terms 
it  is  spoken  of  by  those  who  have  tried  it : 

“ It  gives  me  pleasure  to  assure  you  of  its  excellence  as  x class-book  in  the 
school  room.  I have  found  the  pupils  not  only  more  interested  in  Grammar, 
out  at  examinations  they  evince  a far  better  understanding  of  our  compli- 
cated language  than  heretofore;  and  I must  say,  that  after  twenty  years  of 
experience  in  teaching,  I never  had  a Grammar  that  has  given  so  much 
satisfaction.” 

All  teachers  who  have  not  seen  this  work  are  solicited  to  examine 
t for  themselves,  and  note  its  simplicity,  consistency,  thoroughness,  adap- 
tation to  the  class-room,  and  the  insight  it  gives  into  the  structure  of  oui 
5&ngU'ige.  Specimen  copies  sent  by  mail,  post-paid,  on  receipt  of  45  cents. 

D,  APPLETON  & CO.,  Publishers, 

443  & 446  Broadway,  N.  IT. 


2>.  APPLETON  & C'O.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 


Quaekehbos’s  Standard  Text-Books : 

AN  ENGLISH  GRAMMAR : 12mo,  288  pages. 

FIRST  BOOK  IN  ENGLISH  GRAMMAR:  16mo,  120  pages. 
ADVANCED  COURSE  OF  COMPOSITION  AND  RHETORIC : 12mo/ 
450  pages. 

FIRST  LESSONS  IN  COMPOSITION:  12mo,  182  pages. 
ILLUSTRATED  SCHOOL  HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES: 
12mo,  4^3  pages. 

PRIMARY  HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES : Child’s  quarto, 

192  pages. 

A NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY : 12mo,  450  pages. 

APPLETONS’  ARITHMETICAL  SERIES : Consisting  of  a Primary, 
Elementary,  Practical,  Higher,  and  Mental  Arithmetic. 


Beiij.  Wilcox,  A.  M.,  Princ.  River  Falls  Acad.,  Wis. : “I  have  taught  in  semi- 
naries in  this  State  and  in  New  York  for  more  than  twenty  years,  and  am  familiar 
with  most  of  the  works  that  have  been  issued  by  different  authors  within  that  period ; 
and  I consider  Quackenbos’s  Text-Books  the  most  unexceptionable  in  their  respective 
departments.” — C.  B.  Tillinghast,  Princ.  of  Academy,  Moosop,  Conn.:  “I  think 
Quackenbos’s  books  the  nearest  pe/)'fection  of  any  I have  examined  on  the  various 
subjects  of  which  they  treat.” 

Pres.  Savage,  Female  College,  Millersburg,  Ky. : “ Mr.  Q.  certainly  possesses  rare 
qualifications  as  an  author  of  school-books.  His  United  States  History  has  no  equals 
and  his  Rhetoric  is  really  indispensable .” — David  Y.  Shaub,  Pres.  Teachers’  Inst., 
Fogelsville,  Pa. : “ I approve  of  all  the  Text- Books  written  by  Mr.  Quackenbos.”— Rev. 
Dr.  Winslow,  N.  Y.,  Author  of  “ Intellectual  Philosophy:”  “All  the  works  of  this 
excellent  author  are  characterized  by  clearness,  accuracy,  thoroughness,  and  complete- 
ness ; also  by  a gradual  and  continuous  development  of  ulterior  results  from  their  pre- 
viously taught  elements.” 

Rev.  Dr.  Hi  vers,  Pres.  Wesleyan  University : “ I cordially  approve  of  all  the  Text- 
Books  edited  by  G.  P.  Quackenbos.” — W.  B.  McCrate,  Princ.  Acad.,  E.  Sullivan, 
Me. : “ Quackenbos’s  books  need  only  to  be  known  to  be  used  in  all  the  schools  in  the 
State.  Wherever  they  are  introduced,  they  are  universally  Weed." — Jas.  B.  Rue, 
County  Supt.  of  Schools,  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa:  “Any  thing  that  has  Quackenbos’s 
name  is  sufficient  guarantee  with  me.’  — Methodist  Quarterly  Review,  Jan., 
1S60 : “ Every  thing  we  have  noticed  from  Mr.  Quackenbos  shows  that  the  making  of 
books  of  this  class  is  his  proper  vocation.” 

Single  copies  of  the  above  Standard  worJcs  will  be  mailed  post-paid,  for 
examination , on  receipt  of  one-half  the  retail  prices . Liberal  terms  mad$ 
for  introduction.  Address 

D.  APPLETON  & Co.,  Publishers, 

443  & 445  Broadway,  N.  Y« 


wm 


- 


Standard.  Classical  Works. 


Arnold’s  First  Greek  Book,*  on  the  Plan  of  the  First  Latin 
Book.  12mo.  297  pages, 

Arnold’s  Practical  Introduction  to  Greek  Prose 

Composition*  12mo.  237 pages. 

Arnold’s  Second  Part  to  the  Above.*  12mo.  248 

pages. 


Arnold’s  Greek  Heading  Book.  Containing  the  Sub- 
stance of  the  Practical  Introduction  to  Greek  Construing  and  a 
Treatise  on.  the  Greek  Particles;  also,  Copious  Selections  from 
Greek  Authors,  with  Critical  and  Explanatory  English  Notes  and 
a Lexicon.  12mo.  618  pages. 

Dr.  Arnold’s  Greek  Courses  have  been  carefully  revised,  corrected, 
and  improved  by  J.  A.  Spencer,  D.D.,  making  them  a thorough,  prac- 
tical, and  easy  Greek  course. 

Boise’s  Exercises  in  Greek  Prose  Composition. 

Adapted  to  the  First  Book  of  Xenophon’s  Anabasis.  By  James 
E.  Boise,  Professor  of  Greek  in  University  of  Michigan.  12mo. 
185  pages. 

Champlin’s  Short  and  Comprehensive  Greek 

Grammar.  By  J.  T.  Champlin,  Professor  of  Greek  and  Latin 
in  Waterville  College.  12mo.  208  pages. 

First  Lessons  in  Greek  $*  or,  the  Beginner’s  Companion- 
Book  to  Hadley’s  Grammar.  By  James  Morris  Whiton,  rector 
of  Hopkins  Grammar  School,  New  Haven,  Ct.  (Eecently  pub- 
lished.) 12mo. 

Hadley’s  Greek  Grammar,*  for  Schools  and  Colleges.  By 
James  Hadley,  Professor  in  Yale  College.  (Eecently  published.) 
12mo.  366  pages. 

Herodotus,  Selections  From;  Comprising  mainly  such 
portions  as  give  a Connected  History  of  the  East,  to  the  Fall  of 
Babylon  and  the  Death  of  Cyrus  the  Great.  By  Herman  M. 
Johnson,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Philosophy  and  English  Literature 
in  Dickinson  College.  12mo.  185  pages. 

Kuhner’s  Greek  Grammar.  Translated  by  Professors 
Edwards  and  Taylor.  Large  12mo.  620  pages. 


Standard.  Classical  Works. 


Kendrick’s  Greek  Ollendorff,*  Being  a Progressive  Ex- 
hibition of  the  Principles  of  the  Greek  Grammar.  By  Asahel  C. 
Kendrick,  Professor  of  Greek  Language  in  the  University  of 
Bochester.  12mo.  371  pages. 

Plato’s  Apology"  and  Crito.*  With  Notes  by  W.  S.  Tyler, 
Graves  Professor  of  Greek  in  Amherst  College.  12mo.  180 

S pages. 

Xenophon’s  Memorabilia  of  Socrates.  With  Notes 
and  Introduction  by  B.  D.  C.  Bobbins,  Professor  of  Language  in 
Middlebury  College.  12mo.  421  pages. 

Xenoplion’s  Anabasis,  With  Explanatory  Notes  for  the  use 
of  Schools  and  Colleges.  By  James  B.  Boise,  Professor  of  Greek 
in  the  University  of  Michigan.  12mo.  393  pages. 

Sopkocles’  tEdipns  Tyrannus.  With  Notes  for  the  Use 
of  Schools  and  Colleges.  By  Howard  Crosby,  Professor  of  Greek 
in  the  University  of  New  York.  12mo.  138  pages. 


Hebrew  and  Syriac. 

Gesenius’  Hebrew  Grammar.  Seventeenth  Edition,  with 
Corrections  and  Additions,  by  Dr.  E.  Bodiger.  Translated  by  T. 
J.  Conant,  Professor  of  Hebrew  in  Bochester  Theological  Sem- 
inary, New  York.  8vo.  361  pages, 
flilemann’s  Syriac  Grammar.  Translated  from  the  Ger- 
man. By  Enoch  Hutchinson.  With  a Course  of  Exercises  in 
Syriac  Grammar,  and  a Chrestomathy  and  brief  Lexicon  prepared 
by  the  Translator.  8vo.  36T  pages. 


D.  APPLETON  Sz  CO,, 

443  & 445  BROADWAY,  N.  Y., 

PUBLISH  UPWARDS  OF 

200  SCHOOL  TEXT-BOOKS, 

Including  the  departments  of  English,  Latin,  Greek,  French,  Spanish, 
Italian,  Hebrew,  and  Syriao ; of  which  a complete 

Descriptive  Catalogue 
Will  be  sent,  free  of  postage,  to  those  applying  for  it. 

A single  copy  for  examination,  of  any  of  the  works  marked  thus*, 
will  be  transmitted  by  mail,  postage  prepaid,  to  any  Teacher  remitting 
one-half  of  its  price.  Any  of  the  others  will  be  sent  by  mail,  postage 
prepaid,  upon  receipt  of  full  retail  price. 


